+*/ The Potent Flavor Component of Aromatic Rice ; Recent Development on an Aromatic Variety Khao Dawk Mali +*/

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1 Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi Vol. /., No.-, +*/++, (,**1) 105 +*/ * * * * The Potent Flavor Component of Aromatic Rice ; Recent Development on an Aromatic Variety Khao Dawk Mali +*/ Tadashi Yoshihashi, Nguyen Thi Thu Huong, Vipa Surojanametakul*, Patcharee Tungtrakul*, Warunee Varanyanond* and Akinori Noguchi Postharvest Science and Technology Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences ++ Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki -*/2020 * Institute of Food Research and Product Development, Kasetsart University P.O. Box +*.-, Kasetsart, Bangkok +*3*- Thailand +,** +** +, -.,*** +* / +*/,/ 0 -*/2020 ++ * Institute of Food Research and Product Development, Kasetsart University, P.O. Box +*.-, Kasetsart, Bangkok +*3*- Thailand Corresponding author tadashi@jircas.a#rc.go.jp ++,+, + + Buttery 1 roasted flavor 2 3 +* ++ +,,+ *.+ ppb 2 +-+.

106 /. -,**1-2, + +/+0,+,+, +,+, +, De Kimpe +1,+ Grinard, +,o od -o+o, :b +-, +- C +, :c,+,+ GCMS +2 +- C, +,+ +2+3 GCMS-SIM - +- C +*/,+ +, + +*/ +2,,+ +,+,+ Schieberle,*,,,+ a:,o o+o b:,o od -o+o c:,o o +- Coo+o Grinard

3 : 107 -,+ :mz +++,+ :mz ++, +-,+,+ + +*/,+ ppb.*14,,*4/ -.24/.*4/ -1/4,,/4.,3/4,,14/,-/4+,.4, + Romanczyk Jr,+,+,+ Bacillus cereus,+ Rungsardthong,, Acremonium nigricans,+,+,+,+ Bacillus.,+ +*/ +,+,+,+, + +*/ +,+.,+,+,+ +*/, +,+,-,+,,,+ QTL 2,.,/,+ +*/, +,+,+ /,+,+

108 /. -,**1-4 / +*/,+ +*/ /** ppm ph 1.*,+,+ 0 +*/ +/ N + +- C +*/ +/ N +/ N,+ + +- C +- C,+,+ / 0,-,0 a + + + 1,1,2,+,+ - +*/,+ +*/,+ 2 +*/,+

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7 : 111 + Yajima, I., Yanai, T. and Nakamura, M., Volatile flavor components of cooked rice. Agric. Biol. Chem.,.,, +,,3 (+312)., Yasumatsu, K., Moritake, S. and Wada B., Studies on cereals. Part IV. Volatile carbonyl compounds of cooked rice. Agric. Biol. Chem., -*,.12 (+300). - Hori, K., Purboyo, R.B.R.A., Akinaga, Y., Okita, T. and Itoh, K., Knowledge and preference of aromatic rice by consumers in East and South-east Asia. J. Consumer Studies Home Econ., +0, +33,*0 (+33,).. Hori, K., Purboyo, R.B.R.A., Jo, M., Kim, S., Akinaga, Y., Okita, T. and Kang, M., Comparison of sensory evaluation of aromatic rice by consumers in East and Southeast Asia. J. Consumer Studies Home Econ., +2, +-/+-3 (+33.). / FAO factsheet, Economics and the International Year of Rice (,**.). 0 Rice exporters association of Thailand, Factsheet +331 (+332). 1 Buttery, R.G. and Ling, L.C.,,-Acetyl-+-pyrroline : An important aroma component of cooked rice. Chem. Ind. (Lond) +32,, 3/23/3 (+32,). 2 Schieberle, P., Formation of,-acetyl-+-pyrroline and other important flavor compounds in wheat bread crust. In : Thermal Generation of Aromas, eds. Parliament T.H., McGorrin R. J., Ho C.T., Am. Chem. Soc., pp.,02,1/ (+321). 3 Schieberle, P., Primary odorants in popcorn. J. Agric. Food Chem., -3 (0), ++.+++.. (+33+). +* Buttery, R.G and Ling, L.C., Volatile flavor components of corn tortillas and related products. J. Agric. Food Chem.,.- (1), +212+22, (+33/). ++ Fushimi, T. and Masuda, R.,,-Acetyl-+-pyrroline concentration of the aromatic vegetable soybean Dadacha- Mame. Proceedings of Second International Vegetable Soybean Conference, -3, Tacoma, Washington, USA (,**+). +, Buttery, R.G., Juliano, B.O. and Ling, L.C., Identification of rice aroma compound,-acetyl-+-pyrroline in Pandan leaves. Chem. Ind. (Lond) +32-,.12 (+32-). +- Sood, B.C. and Siddiq E.A., A rapid technique for scent determination in rice. Ind. J. Gen. Plant Breeding, -2 (,),,02,1+ (+312). +. Paule, C.M. and Powers, J., Sensory and chemical examination of aromatic and nonaromatic rices. J. Food Sci., /. (,), -.--.0 (+323). +/ Buttery, R.G., Ling, L.C. and Mon T.R., Quantitative analysis of,-acetyl-+-pyrroline in rice. J. Agric. Food Chem., -. (+), ++,++. (+320). +0 Bergman, C. J., Delgado, J.T., Bryant, R., Grimm, C., Cadwallader, K.R. and Webb, B.D., A rapid gas chromatographic technique for quantifying,-acetyl-+-pyrroline and hexanal in rice (Oryza sativa, L.). Cereal Chem., 11,./../2 (,***). +1 De Kimpe, N.G., Stevens, C.V. and Keppens, M.A., Synthesis of,-acetyl-+-pyrroline, the principal rice flavor component. J. Agric. Food Chem.,.+ (3), +./2+.0+ (+33-). +2 Yoshihashi, T., Quantitative analysis on,-acetyl-+pyrroline of an aromatic rice by stable isotope dilution method and model studies on its formation during cooking. J. Food Sci., 01 (,), 0+30,, (,**,). +3 Itani, T., Tamaki, M., Hayata, Y., Fushimi, T. and Hashizume K., Variation of,-acetyl-+-pyrroline concentration in aromatic rice grains collected in the same region in Japan and factors a#ecting its concentration. Plant Prod. Sci., 1 (,), +12+2- (,**.).,* Schieberle, P., The role of free amino acids present in yeast as precursors of the odorants,-acetyl-+-pyrroline and,-acetyltetrahydropyridine in wheat bread crust. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch., +3+,,*0,*3 (+33*).,+ Romanczyk Jr. L. J., McClelland, C.A., Post, L.S. and Martin Aitken, W., Formation of,-acetyl-+-pyrroline by several Bacillus cereus strains isolated from cocoa fermentation boxes. J. Agric. Food Chem.,.- (,),.03.1/ (+33/).,, Rungsardthong, U. and Noomhoom A., Production of, -acetyl-+-pyrroline by microbial cultures. Flavor Fragrance J.,,* (0), 1+*1+. (,**/).,- Yoshihashi, T., Nguyen, T., T., H. and Inatomi, H., Precursors of,-acetyl-+-pyrroline, a potent flavor compound of an aromatic rice variety, Khao Dawk Mali +*/. J. Agric. Food Chem., /* (1),,**+,**. (,**,).,. Lorieux, M., Petrov, M., Huang, N., Guiderdoni, E. and Ghesquie re, A., Aroma in rice : genetic analysis of a quantitative trait. Theor. Appl. Genet., 3-, ++./++/+ (+330).,/ Bradbury, L.M.T., Fitzgerald, T.L., Henry, R. J., Jin, Q. and Waters, D.L.E., The gene for fragrance in rice. Plant Biotech. J., - -0--1* (,**/).,0 Yoshihashi, T., Nguyen, T.T.H., Surojanametakul, V., Tungtrakul, P. and Varanyanond, W., E#ect of storage conditions on,-acetyl-+-pyrroline content in aromatic rice variety, Khao Dawk Mali +*/. J. Food Sci., 1* (+), S-.-1 (,**/).,1 Delauney, A.J., Verma, D.P.S., Proline biosynthesis and osmoregulation in plants. Plant J.,.,,+/,,- (+33-).,2 Flores, H.E., Young, N. D. and Galston, A.W., Polyamine metabolism and plant stress. In : Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plant Stress, eds. Key, J.L. and Kosuge, T., Alan R. Liss, Inc., pp 3-++. (+32/).,3 Yoshihashi, T., Nguyen T.T.H. and Kabaki, N., Area dependency of,-acetyl-+-pyrroline content in an aromatic rice variety, Khao Dawk Mali +*/. Jpn. Agric. Res. Quarterly, -2 (,), +*/+*3 (,**.). -*,**- http ://www.wako.ac.jp/souken/touzai*-/tz*-*.. html -+ Wannasat, L., Nabheerung, N., Suwanthada, S. and Chairin, S., E#ects of water depth on growth, yield and grain quality of KDML+*/. (Thai) Thai Agric. Res. J., ++, +.1+/+ (+33-).

112 /. -,**1-8 -, -- Suwanarit, A., Kreetapirom, S., Buranakarn, S., Varanyanond, W., Tungtrakul, P., Somboonpon, S., Rattapat S., Ratanasupa, S., Romyen, P., Wattanapryapkul, S., Naklang, K., Rotjanakusol and Pornotisit, P., E#ects of nitrogen fertilizer on grain qualities of Khao Dawk Mali +*/ aromatic rice. (Thai) Thai Agric. Res. J., +*, +,* (+33,). Suwanarit, A., Kreetapirom, S., Buranakarn, S., Varanyanond, W., Tungtrakul, P., Somboonpon, S., Rattapat S., Ratanasupa, S., Romyen, P., Wattanapryapkul, S., Naklang, K., Rotjanakusol and Pornotisit, P., E#ects of potassium fertilizer on grain qualities of Khao Dawk Mali +*/ aromatic rice. (Thai) Thai Agric. Res. J., +*,,+.* (+33,). -. -/ Suwanarit, A., Kreetapirom, S., Buranakarn, S., Sutiyapromehai, P., Tungtrakul, P. and Varanyanond, W., E#ects of sulfur fertilizer on grain qualities of Khao Dawk Mali +*/ aromatic rice. (Thai) Thai Agric. Res. J., +*,.+/3 (+33,). Suwanarit, A., Kreetapirom, S., Buranakarn, S., Varanyanond, W., Tungtrakul, P., Rattapat S., Wattanapayapkul S., Naklang, K., Rotjanakusol, S. and Pornotisit, P., E#ects of sulfur fertilizer on grain qualities of Khao Dawk Mali +*/ aromatic rice. (Thai) Thai Agric. Res. J., +*, 0*13 (+33,). +2 +, ++