saqartvelos sajaro moxeleta profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis mirebasa da molaparakebebis warmartvis teqnikasi

saqartvelos sajaro moxeleta profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis mirebasa da molaparakebebis warmartvis teqnikasi CAPACITY-BUILDING OF THE GEORGIAN LEADERSHIP COMMUNITY FOR IMPROVED DECISION-MAKING AND NEGOTIATION SKILLS winamdebare gamocemasi warmodgenili politikis dokumentebi Seiqmna proeqtis _ `saqartvelos sajaro moxeleta profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis mirebasa da molaparakebebis warmartvis teqnikasi~ _ farglebsi. yvela dokuments Tan axlavs reziume inglisur enaze, sadac mokled aris gadmocemuli ZiriTadi daskvnebi. The Public Policy Paper Series includes policy documents developed within the Capacity-Building of the Georgian Leadership Community (CBGL) project. The English-language version of each policy paper summary can be found at the end of the publication. proeqti xorcieldeba SvedeTis saertasoriso ganvitarebis saagentos finansuri mxardawerit The Project is funded by the Swedish International Development Agency

samecniero xelmzrvanelebi: arcil gegesize vladimer papava aleqsandre rondeli Mentors: Archil Gegeshidze Vladimer Papava Alexander Rondeli redaqtori: Editor: rusudan margisvili Rusudan Margishvili teqnikuri redaqtori: Technical Editor: artem meliq-nubarovi Artem Melik-Nubarov saavtoro uflebebi daculia da ekutvnis saqartvelos strategiisa da saertasoriso urtiertobebis kvlevis fonds. werilobiti nebartvis garese wignis arc erti nawili ar SeiZleba gadaibewdos nebismieri, mat Soris, eleqtronuli an meqanikuri formit. saqartvelos strategiisa da saertasoriso urtiertobata kvlevis fondi 2012 weli All rights reserved and belong to Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including electronic and mechanical, without the prior written permission of the publisher Copyright 2012 Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies

proeqtis Sesaxeb programa,,saqartvelos sajaro moxeleta profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis mirebasa da molaparakebebis warmartvis teqnikasi miznad isaxavs daexmaros saqartvelos mtavrobas martvis sferosi arsebuli problemebis dazlevasi. proeqti itvaliswinebs sasualo rgolis sajaro moxeleta da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis warmomadgenelta CarTvas politikis SemuSavebisa da molaparakebis warmartvis teqnikis dasaxvew praqtikul mecadineobebsi. es mecadineobebi moicavs ara marto Tanamedrove midgomebis danergvas qartul sajaro administraciasa da sajaro politikasi, aramed saxelmwifoebrivi mnisvnelobis sakitxebze sajaro politikis dokumentebis SemuSavebas. proeqti aseve xels Seuwyobs qartvel sajaro moxeletatvis martvis Tanamedrove midgomebis Sesaxeb codnis, praqtikisa da unarebis gacnobas. programas afinansebs SvedeTis saertasoriso ganvitarebis saagento (SIDA) da axorcielebs saqartvelos strategiisa da saertasoriso urtiertobebis kvlevis fondi (GFSIS). am proeqtis farglebsi GFSIS-is ZiriTadi partniorebi arian SvedeTis sajaro administraciis instituti (SIPU International) da estonetis diplomatiis skola (EDK). programa xels uwyobs sajaro mmartvelobis kulturis Camoyalibebas, romelic aris angarisvaldebuli da itvaliswinebs qartuli sazogadoebis sawiroebebs. garda amisa, programa miznad isaxavs gadawyvetilebis mirebis sferosi qartuli mmartvelobis SesaZleblobebis gazlierebas, rom gadawyvetilebis mirebis procesi gaxdes ufro gamwvirvale da iyos moqnili garemoebata cvlilebis Sesabamisad. programa aseve moicavs saqartvelos saxelmwifo seqtorebsa da organizaciebs Soris TanamSromlobis gaumjobesebas da saxelmwifo moxeleta SesaZleblobebis gazrdas, rata saqartvelo uket warmocndes saertasoriso doneze sxva saxelmwifoebtan Tu saertasoriso organizaciebtan urtiertobisas. programa xorcieldeba otxi wlis manzilze (2009-2013 ww.) da Sedgeba Semdegi otxi komponentisgan: sajaro moxeleta profesiuli momzadeba politikis analizisa da molaparakebebis teqnikasi. konkursis gzit SerCeul qartvel sajaro moxeleebs qartveli, estoneli da Svedi eqspertebi eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobasi utareben mecadineobas sajaro politikis analizisa da molaparakebis teqnikis Sesaswavlad. amastan, monawileebi SeimuSaveben politikis dokuments qveynisatvis aqtualur sakitxebze. am processi mat xelmzrvaneloben GFSIS-is eqspertebi. politikis dokumentebis dasrulebis Semdeg xdeba mati sajaro ganxilva da xuti sauketeso nasromi gamoicema. programis am komponents asrulebs saswavlogacnobiti viziti estonetsi. programis farglebsi swavlebis kurss gaivlis sajaro moxeleta xuti jgufi/nakadi. TiToeul jgufsi iqneba daaxloebit ocdaxuti monawile. trenerta momzadebis (ToT) komponentis farglebsi qartveli specialistebi qartul enaze SeimuSaveben saswavlo programebsa da saswavlo masalebs sajaro administraciis, molaparakebis teqnikis, genderisa da mravalferovnebis, xarjtsargeblianobis, proeqtis martvisa da Sefasebis sferoebsi. dagegmilia programis bolo ori nakadistvis swavlebis qartul enaze Catareba. adamianuri resursebis martvis komponenti moicavs qartul sajaro samsaxursi adamianuri resursebis martvasi CarTul profesionalta Soris Tanamedrove praqtikis danergvis xelsewyobas. am komponentis meore amocanaa adamianuri resursebis martvis sferosi maralkvalificiuri swavlebisatvis adgilobrivi SesaZleblobebis gazrda. sajaro politikis qseli miznad isaxavs sajaro politikis sferosi samtavrobo struqturebis warmomadgenlebsa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebas Soris aqtiur TanamSromlobas da informaciis gaziarebas proeqtis vebgverdis Seqmnisa da kursdamtavrebulta prfesiuli qselis Camoyalibebis gzit.

ABOUT THE PROJECT Capacity-building of the Georgian Leadership Community for Improved Decision-making and Negotiation Skills is designed to assist the Georgian government in addressing its governance challenges. This multi-component initiative aims to introduce and reinforce modern management skill sets, proficiency and practice among Georgian public officials. The project engages directly with middle level public servants and civil-society representatives through practical in-service training in policy development and negotiation techniques. Apart modernization of the Georgian public administration and public policymaking, the project activities seek to deliver actionable policy documents on the issues of national importance. The project activities and the policy initiatives will be consistent with and supportive of principles of gender and diversity equality. The program is funded by the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA). The Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies (GFSIS), along with its principal partners - the Swedish Institute for Public Administration (SIPU International) and the Estonian School of Diplomacy (ESD), is the main implementer of the program. The program will promote a likeminded leadership culture that is accountable and oriented to meeting the needs of the Georgian society. Furthermore, the program aims at strengthening the Georgian government capacity in decision-making, as well as increasing its transparency and flexibility in responding to the changing circumstances. In addition, this initiative intends to improve organizational cooperation among the Georgian public sectors and the country s interaction with other states and international organizations. The program, which will be implemented during four years (2009 2013), includes the following components: Training for government officials in policy and negotiation techniques - Selected Georgian public servants will complete an eight-month intensive training program in public administration, policy planning and negotiation techniques. Georgian, Swedish and Estonian experts will conduct the training. Furthermore, under the guidance of GFSIS mentors, the participants will work on the issues pertinent to the country development policy. The training will be followed by a public discussion of the policy papers and a study visit to Estonia. The best five papers will be published in Georgian and in English. There will be five training groups in total with approximately 25 participants in each group. The training of trainers (ToT) component - Through the project's training of trainers (ToT) component, Georgian professionals will develop the Policy and Negotiations Training Program curriculum and teaching materials in Georgian. Topics covered under this training include Public Administration, Public Policy Planning, Negotiation Techniques, Gender and Diversity, Cost Benefit Analysis, Project Management/Change Management and Program Evaluation. Under the project framework, professional training programs will be implemented in the above listed fields for Georgian government employees and civil society representatives in the Georgian language. Professional development training for HR managers - The project's HR component aims to provide knowledge in modern Human Resources Management (HRM) practices among Georgian HRmanagers within line ministries and other governmental agencies. A second objective of the component is to build domestic capacity to deliver high quality training in HRM. The component will include needs-based training sessions on professional development and a study visit to Sweden. A knowledge and resource sharing component - This component is aimed to promote greater communication, knowledge sharing, consultation and collaboration among public-policy stakeholders across the Government of Georgia and civil society through establishing a project's website and organizing number of alumni retreats.

s a r C e v i saqartvelosi dedata sikvdilianobis Semcireba maia nikoleisvili..... 7 uwyebatasorisi koordinaciis gaumjobeseba bunebrivi da teqnogenuri katastrofebis Semcirebis miznit olga SaSkina........ 21 genderuli balansis mirweva saqartvelos parlamentsi ana wurwumia...... 37 migraciis martvis gamowvevebi saqartvelosi: `Ria karis~ politikis mizansewoniloba giorgi Wexani... 59 rezumeebi inglisur enaze..... 77

genderuli balansis mirweva saqartvelos parlamentsi ana wurwumia programis oficeri niderlandebis instituti, mravalpartiuli demokratiisatvis saqartvelos warmomadgenloba r e z i u m e politikis dokumentis `genderuli balansis mirweva saqartvelos parlamentsi~ mizania saqartvelos parlamentsi genderuli balansis misarwevad sawiro efeqtiani meqanizmebis SemuSaveba. tranziciisa da ganvitarebis procesebi postsabwota sivrcesi qalebis srulyofili monawileobis garese daiwyo, ramac mati roli politikur da socialurekonomikur cxovrebasi sagrznoblad Seamcira. aucilebelia Sewydes es tendencia, rata qalebma da mamakacebma Tanabrad SeZlon gardamaval periodsi sakutari wvlilis Setana da, aseve, am procesidan Tanabari sargeblis mireba. iqidan gamomdinare, rom tranziciis saboloo mizani inkluziuri demokratiis Camoyalibebaa, Tanabari monawileobis sakitxis aqtualoba TvalsaCinoa. parlamentsi genderuli Tanasworobis sakitxit daintereseba ganpirobebulia im faqtit, rom dresdreobit saqartvelos parlamentis wevr qalta raodenoba kritikul ertnisna cifrs ar scdeba. es ki TavisTavad sazogadoebasi da politikur cxovrebasi arsebul gamowvevebze migvititebs. mocemuli politikis dokumenti, pirvel rigsi, genderuli disbalansis sakitxs mimoixilavs, ganmartavs problemis simwvavesa da mnisvnelobas. iqidan gamomdinare, rom genderuli Tanasworobis sakitxs saqartvelos xelisuflebis politikuri dris wesrigsi wamyvani adgili ar uwiravs, nasromsi detalurad aris arwerili Tavad genderuli Tanasworobis mnisvneloba da misi gavlena sazogadoebaze. dokumentsi mimoxilulia rogorc kanonmdeblobit grantirebuli qalisa da mamakacis Tanaswori SesaZleblobebis uflebis ganxorcielebis gamowvevebi, ise sakitxis socialuri, politikuri da kulturuli aspeqtebi. sajaro politikis mocemul dokumentsi yuradrebit aris Seswavlili saqartvelos xelisuflebis mier problemis armosafxvrelad aqamde gadadgmuli nabijebi. nasromsi saubaria wamyvani dainteresebuli mxareebis (steikholderebis) rolze da mat urtiertdamokidebulebaze. genderuli balansis mirwevis sakitxze msjeloba uarresad mnisvnelovania 2012 wlis saparlamento arcevnebis win, radgan realuri xdeba sakanonmdeblo da politikuri iniciativebis praqtikasi gatareba. mocemuli dokumenti saqartvelos parlamentsi 37

genderuli Tanasworobis mirwevis sam alternativas ganixilavs. kerzod, samartlebriv kvotebs, wamaxalisebel meqanizmebsa da e.w. `arafris ketebas~. politikuri da samoqalaqo seqtoris Tvalsazrisis gasatvaliswineblad politikis dokumentis momzadebis processi Catarda otxi interviu: ori _ politikuri partiis liderebtan (`respublikelebi~ da `axali memarjveneebi~), erti - genderis adgilobriv eqsperttan da saertasoriso organizaciis xelmzrvaneltan. alternativebisa da mati efeqtianobis ganxilvis safuzvelze gamovlinda wamaxalisebeli meqanizmebis gatarebis upiratesoba. politikis dokumentsi mimoxilulia genderuli Tanasworobis saertasoriso praqtika da am mxriv yuradsarebia centraluri da armosavleti evropis gamocdileba. politikasi qalta monawileobis zrda ufro met Zalisxmevas moitxovs, vidre ubralod cifrebis matebas. aucilebelia, rom genderuli Tanasworoba politikuri dris wesrigis satavesi moeqces. S e s a v a l i qalta Tanabari monawileoba gadawyvetlebis mirebis procesebsi ara mxolod adamianis uflebebis sferoa, aramed demokratiuli sazogadoebis arsebobis umtavresi winapirobaa. demokratiul sazogadoebasi qalisa da mamakacis interesebi politikuri gadawyvetilebebis mirebis processi Tanabrad aris gatvaliswinebuli. samyaros ganvitarebuli nawili arar daobs imaze, rom genderuli balansi sxvadasxva institutsi mat gazlierebas uwyobs xels, xdis mat metad mdgradsa da gamzles krizisuli situaciebis mimart, mat Soris ekonomikuri krizisis dros. qalta monawileoba politikur cxovrebasi saertasoriso doneze ariarebuli adamianis uflebaa. postsocialisturi samyaros axali demokratiis qveynebsi naklebi yuradreba eqceoda da eqceva inkluziurobis princips da iseti politikuri dris wesrigis SemuSavebas, romelic tradiciuli politikuri institutebis garet myofi jgufebis interesebs gamoxatavs. arceviti sakanonmdeblo organo warmomadgenlobiti demokratiis centralur institutadaa ariarebuli da qveynis socialuri, politikuri Tu kulturuli mdgomareobis pirdapiri anareklia. genderuli disbalansis problema mravalaspeqtiani sakitxia da misi arsis dasadgenad sakitxis gansxvavebul perspeqtivasi ganxilva aucilebelia. genderuli disbalansi sakanonmdeblo organosi mxolod qartuli problema ar aris: UN Women-is ukanaskneli angarisis Tanaxmad, 15 2011 wlis monacemebit, msoflios 15 UN Women Annual Report 2010-2011, Communications Sector of UN Women, New York, 2011. 38

mxolod 28 qveyanasi arwevs parlamentsi qalta warmomadgenloba 30 procents da mets. saqartvelosi ki am mxriv kritikuli mdgomareobaa _ moqmedi parlamentis 150-wevrian SemadgenlobaSi mxolod 9 qalia. parlamentsi qalta warmomadgenlobis donit saqartvelo ukanasknel adgilzea eutos wevr saxelmwifoebs Soris. qalta 6- procentiani warmomadgenloba saqartvelos parlamentsi aseve Sors dgas gaeros mier rekomendirebuli 30 procentisgan. p r o b l e m i s a R w e r a genderuli balansisken swrafva ar gulisxmobs gansakutrebuli uflebebis miniwebas qalebistvis _ genderuli Tanasworoba adamianis uflebata nawilia, romelic itvaliswinebs qalisa da mamakacis Tanabar ufleba-movaleobebs, pasuxismgeblobasa da Tanaswor monawileobas piradi da sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis yvela sferosi. 16 saqartvelos mosaxleobis 59 procenti qalia, 17 Sesabamisad, parlamentis SemadgenlobaSi sakmarisad ar aris warmodgenili mosaxleobis didi jgufi da misi interesebi. aset pirobebsi SeuZlebelia visaubrot demokratiaze, sadac yvela jgufis interesebi upirobod unda iyos warmodgenili. msoflio praqtika acvenebs, rom qalebis realuri warmomadgenloba parlamentsi gavlenas axdens politikur dris wesrigze. centraluri da armosavleti evropis qveynebis magalitze dayrdnobit, sadac sazogadoebebi didi gamowvevebis winase dganan, gansakutrebit ojaxuri Zaladobis, seqs-trefikingisa da ekonomikuri gardaqmnebis kutxit, problemebis sapasuxo gzebis Ziebisas umnisvnelovanesia qalebis xma da mati mosazrebebis gatvaliswineba. debatebis dros qalebs SemoaqvT gansxvavebuli gamocdileba, interesebi da eqspertiza, rac gadawyvetilebis mirebis processi kritikulad mnisvnelovania. am kutxit arsanisnavia genderuli meinstrimingis koncefcia, romelic nebismieri politikuri sakitxis ganxilvis dros genderuli perspeqtivis CarTvas itvaliswinebs. saqartvelosi, rogorc axali demokratiis qveyanasi, sadac politikuri kultura jer kidev formirebis processia, socialuri vitareba Tu damkvidrebuli stereotipebi xels uslian qalebis Tanaswor monawileobas politikasi. genderuli disbalansis problemas eqspertebisa da politikosebis nawili seriozulad arc ganixilavs. es Tema xsirad xdeba cinizmis, araseriozuli damokidebulebisa da dacinvis sagani politikuri cxovrebis sxvadasxva arenaze. oponentebistvis sakmarisia imis dasaxeleba, rom sajaro samsaxursi zogjer piriqit qalebis sasargeblod aris darrveuli genderuli balansi. is faqti, rom saqartvelos 16 n. sumbaze, `genderi da sazogadoeba~, Tbilisi, 2008. 17 saqartvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri. 39

parlamentsi qalebis ricxvi kritikul zrvars qvemotaa, zogiertistvis rtuli politikuri sistemis Sedegi, zogistvis ki sruliad bunebrivi movlenaa. kvlevebze dayrdnobit, genderuli Tanasworobisken swrafva warmomadgenlobit organosi dadebitad aisaxeba zogadad Sromis bazarze da sazogadoebasi qalis mimart damokidebulebaze. xsir SemTxvevaSi, politikasi aqtiuri qalebi bevristvis iqcevian samagalito da motivaciis ganmsazrvrel Zalad. qalisa da mamakacis Tanasworoba saqartvelos konstituciit ariarebuli uflebaa. kanonmdebloba uzrunvelyofs qalisa da mamakacis Tanasworobas kanonis winase da mat Tanabrad aniwebs pasiur da aqtiur saarcevno uflebas. martalia, kanonmdebloba diskriminaciul elementebs ar Seicavs, magram arc wamaxalisebeli meqanizmebia gawerili. mkvlevarebis didi nawili amtkicebs, rom genderuli balansis mirweva iseti mnisvnelobis organoebsi, rogoric parlamentia, aucilebelia, radgan qalebi da mamakacebi, rogorc wesi, sxvadasxva sakitxs aqceven yuradrebas, mattvis gansxvavebuli Temebia mnisvnelovani. arsebuli mosazreba efuzneba Teorias, romlis Tanaxmadac, qalebi da mamakacebi bunebrivad arian gansxvavebuli gamocdilebisa da interesebis matarebeli. Sesabamisad, iset parlamentsi, sadac qalebi kritikul ertnisna umciresobas warmoadgenen, bevri socialur-politikuri Tema rceba yuradrebis mirma. qalebi bunebrivad arian socialuri, jandacvis, ojaxuri Zaladobis Tu genderuli Tanasworobis Temebis lobistebi. genderul balanstan dakavsirebit sakanonmdeblo doneze ukanasknel wlebsi saertasoriso organizaciebis daxmarebit garkveuli cvlilebebi gatarda. saqartvelos parlamentis TavmjdomaresTan arsebuli genderuli Tanasworobis sakonsultacio sabwo, parlamentis vebgverdze dayrdnobit, pirveli institucionaluri meqanizmia am sferosi. 18 kanoni genderuli Tanasworobis Sesaxeb 2010 wlis gazafxulze miires, erovnuli samoqmedo gegmis wardgena ki 2011 wlis Semodgomaze moxda. simbolurad, kanonis mesame mosmenit mirebaze arc ert deputats ar miucia xma winaarmdeg, Tumca, qveynis umarles sakanonmdeblo organosi saxumaro Temad did xans darca. saqartvelos mtavrobas rigi saertasoriso aqtebi da qartiebi aqvs ratificirebuli genderuli utanasworobis armofxvris Temaze. sakmarisia davasaxelot CEDAW _ konvencia qalta mimart yovelgvari diskriminaciis armofxvris Sesaxeb, usisroebis sabwos rezolucia 1325 Tu ataswleulis ganvitarebis miznebi, romelic pirdapir avaldebulebs saxelmwifos problemis armosafxvrelad efeqturi zomebi miiros. eutos, veneciis komisiisa da sxva saertasoriso organizaciebis 18 http://www.parliament.ge/index.php?sec_id=652&lang_id=eng 40

rekomendaciebi, mat mier ganxorcielebuli kvlevebi da SemuSavebuli dokumentebi mouwodeben saqartvelos realuri nabijebi gadadgas am mimartulebit. 19 amjamad qveyanasi ar arsebobs efeqtiani meqanizmebi, romlitac arcevit organoebsi genderuli disbalansis problema armoifxvreba an saertasoriso rekomendaciebs miuaxlovdeba. xelisuflebis arsebuli midgomebi da damokidebuleba, iset STabeWdilebas qmnis, rom saqartvelo mxolod saertasoriso motxovnebis dakmayofilebas cdilobs sakanonmdeblo doneze, magram realuri surati ar icvleba. moqmedi sistemit, parlamentis wevrebi sakanonmdeblo organosi partiuli siebidan xvdebian. partiis mier wardgena esawiroebat majoritar kandidatebsac. partiul siebsi satanado adgilis dasakaveblad pirma pirvel rigsi Sidapartiul ierarqiasi unda miarwios warmatebas, lideris pozicia unda daikavos. rac mtavaria, Sidapartiul doneze daadasturos, rom SeuZlia Tanaswori konkurencia gauwios mamakac kandidats da Semdgom konkurentul garemosi moxvdes saarcevno siasi. politikuri partiebi xsirad moixseniebian, rogorc demokratiis mekareebi. mat, rogorc mekareebs, politikur cxovrebasi qalebis monawileobaze seriozuli gavlenis moxdena SeuZliaT, radgan sasualeba aqvt politikur asparezze met qals miscen monawileobis sasualeba. dresdreobit politikuri partiebis Sida dokumentebi pirdapir Tu iribad Seicaven diskriminaciul elementebs, rac globalurad _ politikuri cxovrebis Semdgom etapebze axdens gavlenas genderul Tanasworobaze. rogorc wesi, qalebs `ar imeteben~ iseti mamakacuri saqmeebistvis, rogoric politikuri debatebi, finansebis mozieba an radikalur politikur procesebsi monawileobaa. rac SemdgomSi pirdapir gavlenas axdens mat nominirebaze sapasuxismgeblo Tanamdebobebze. NDI-is 2011 wlis Semodgomis kvlevebit, mosaxleobis 68 procenti xmas miscemda qal kandidats. 20 rogorc organizaciis xelmzrvanelebi acxadeben, es macvenebeli bolo wlebis kvlevebit ar Secvlila da axal tendencias ar warmoadgens. gamokitxvis monacemebi askara winaarmdegobasi modis arsebul genderul surattan saqartvelos parlamentsi. parlamentsi qalta dabal warmomadgenlobas respublikuri partiisa da `axali memarjveneebis~ liderebi mxolod da mxolod arsebul politikur vitarebas ukavsireben. kerzod, Tina xidaselis azrit, moqmedi parlamenti ar aris Tavisufali da samartliani arcevnebit Semdgari da is saertod ar gamoxatavs qartveli xalxis arcevans. SeuZlebelia gavigot qartveli amomrcevlis gemovneba aset pirobebsi, daszens xidaseli. 21 19 qalta monawileoba saarcevno procesebsi: kvlevebi da daskvnebi eutos demokratiuli institutebisa da adamianis uflebata ofisis 2008 wlis saprezidento, 2008 wlis saparlamento da 2010 wlis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arcevnebis daskvniti angarisebi: amonaridebi. 20 kvlevis Sedegebi xelmisawvdomia: http://www.civil.ge/files/files/2011/ndi-poll-sept2011.pdf 21 interviu Tina xidaseltan, 20 oqtomberi, 2011 w. 41

politikosebisgan gansxvavebuli azri aqvs NDI-is saqartvelos ofisis direqtors luis navaros. misi azrit, qalta warmomadgenlobis aseti dabali done parlamentsi uaryofiti movlenaa. sakutar mosazrebas is NDI-is mier Catarebuli kvlevebis SedegebiT amyarebs, sadac erovnuli mnisvnelobis sakitxebsi sul ufro da ufro win iwevs socialuri sakitxebi, romelta bunebriv advokatebadac qalebi gvevlinebian xolme. Sesabamisad, mas miacnia, rom parlamentsi sakmaod mzlavri jgufis interesebi warmomadgenlobis garesea darcenili. luis navaro politikasi qalta aqtiurobis damabrkolebel faqtorebad partiebis organizaciul sisustes da politikis eliturobas asaxelebs. Tumca aqve daszens, rom partiebs sakanonmdeblo doneze araferi abrkolebt meti qali kandidati warmoadginon, magram umtavresi problema sakitxisadmi mat damokidebulebebsia. 22 respublikuri partiis lideristvis, Tina xedaselistvis, genderuli disbalansis problema xelovnuria. mas miacnia, rom qalebistvis damabrkolebeli barieri ar arsebobs da arc Tavad yofila odesme genderuli diskriminaciis msxverpli Sidapartiul doneze. misi azrit, qalebis pasiuroba mxolod da mxolod mati arcevania. memarjveneebis lideri davit gamyrelize ki fiqrobs, rom miuxedavad imisa, rom sakutar partiasi genderuli disbalansis problemas ver xedavs, zogadad damkvidrebuli stereotipebi da tradiciebi qalebs uxilav barierebs uqmnian. 23 uxilav barierebze saubrobs genderis eqsperti irina Jvaniac, ris gamoc qalebis monawileoba politikur cxovrebasi Zalze dabalia. 24 rogorc momdevno qvetavsi davinaxavt, warmoudgenelia saqartvelos integracia evrokavsirsi arsebuli vitarebis Secvlis garese. arsebuli meqanizmebi gavlenas ver axdenen erti mxriv politikur partiebze, rata mat genderulad dabalansebuli saarcevno siebi warmoadginon da meore mxriv amomrcevlis cnobierebaze, romlistvisac politikosi qali ar asocirdeba ZalauflebasTan da didzal fultan. Tu imasac gavitvaliswinebt, rom uaxlesi sakonstitucio cvlilebebit parlamentsi warmodgenil partiebs meti pasuxismgebloba ekisrebat mtavrobis dakompleqtebaze, 2012 wlis arcevnebistvis efeqtiani meqanizmebis SemuSaveba droulia. genderuli disbalansis winapirobebi centraluri da armosavleti evropis gamocdileba centraluri da armosavleti evropis umetes qveyanasi genderul Tanasworobaze fiqri da Sesabamisi zomebis mireba mtavrobebma mxolod evrokavsirsi intergaciis processi daiwyes da es sakitxi politikur dris wesrigsi mxolod kandidatobis kriteriumebis Sesrulebis momentsi dadga. 22 pirispir interviu luis navarostan, 20 oqtomberi, 2011 w. 23 pirispir interviu davit gamyrelizestan, 19 oqtomberi, 2011 w. 24 satelefono interviu irina JvaniasTan, 22 oqtomberi, 2011w. 42

mkvlevarebi Tanxmdebian, rom genderuli Tanasworobis problemaze musaoba yvelaze efeqtiani samoqalaqo sazogadoebisa da mtavrobis urtierttanamsromlobis Sedegad aris SesaZlebeli da problemis gadawra am ori umtavresi institutis garese SeuZlebelia. mosaxleobis mxardawera genderuli Tanasworobis Temaze iset qveynebsia marali, sadac: dasaqmebulta umetesobas qalebi warmoadgenen; qveyanasi feminizmis meore talra mzlavria; 25 politikuri partiebi sasualebas azleven qalebs politikasi aqtiurebi iyvnen; katolikuri (anu SedarebiT ufro tradiciuli) mosaxleoba naklebia. 26 genderuli Tanasworobis misarwevad ert-erti umtavresi rgoli saarcevno sistema da misi Taviseburebebia. saqartvelosi amjamad moqmedebs Sereuli saarcevno sistema (majoritarul-proporciuli) da ertmandatiani saarcevno olqebi. rogorc cnobilia, proporciuli saarcevno sistemis SemTxvevaSi qalta warmomadgenloba meti albatobit ufro didia, vidre majoritaruli sistemis dros. centraluri da armosavleti evropis qveynebis politikuri sistema da kultura, romelic arcevit organoebsi genderuli disbalansis arsebobas uwyobs xels, Semdegi TaviseburebebiT gamoirceva: o bevri politikuri partiis arseboba; o arastabiluri politikuri sistema; o parlamentsi SedarebiT meti raodenobit politikuri partiebis warmomadgenloba; o mamakacebit dominirebuli politika. 27 politikuri partiebis roli parlamentsi genderuli balansis mirwevis sakitxsi ert-erti gadamwyvetia. saerto problema ki is aris, rom yofili postsabwota qveynebis gamocdilebit, politikuri partiebi zogadad ar miicneven qalebs seriozul politikur motamaseebad. politikuri partiebis 25 XX s. feminizmis meore talra qalisa da mamakacis faqtobriv Tanasworobas qadagebda, rogorc samartlebriv, aseve socialur-kulturul aspeqtsi. 26 Vasta Jalusic, Milica G Antic, Women-Politics- Euqal Opportunities Prospects for gender equality politics in central and Eastern Europe, Peace Institute, Ljubljana, 2001. 27 Vasta Jalusic, Milica G Antic, Women-Politics- Euqal Opportunities Prospects for gender equality politics in central and Eastern Europe, Peace Institute, Ljubljana, 2001. 43

programebi TiTqmis arasodes ganixilavs calke im Temebs, romelic ZiriTadad mxolod qalebistvis aris xolme mnisvnelovani da saintereso. p r o b l e m i s g a d a W r i s g z e b i ( a l t e r n a t i v e b i ) 1. samartlebrivi kvotebi kvotebi qalebis warmomadgenlobis gasazrdelad ukve msoflios 100-mde qveyanasi gamoiyenes, rogorc efeqtiani meqanizmi. 28 genderuli kvotebis sam ZiriTad formas vxvdebit: garantirebuli adgilebi, samartlebrivi kvotebi da partiuli kvotebi. garantirebuli adgilebis praqtika ZiriTadad armosavletis da afrikis qveynebsi gamoiyeneba. samartlebrivi kvotebi ZiriTadad saarcevno sistemebis reformebis Sedegad miirweva, sadac politikuri partiebi valdebuli xdebian garkveuli procentuli raodenobis qali kandidatebi warmoadginon. samartlebrivi kvotirebis sistema 25-dan 50 procentamde zrdis partiebis mier nominirebul kandidatebs Soris qalta raodenobas. Tu eutos statistikas avirebt, 13 qveynidan, sadac aseti kvotebis sistema SemoiRes, 2000-2010 wlebis periodsi qalta warmomadgenloba parlamentsi 10 procentamde gaizarda. magram kvlevebi acvenebs, rom, magalitad, evrokavsiris moqalaqeebis mxolod 7 procentia momxre, rom evroparlamentsi qal deputatta raodenoba kvotebis SemoRebiT gaizardos. 29 Tu kvotebi da saarcevno sistema saxelmwifos mier ganxorcielebuli meqanizmebia, aucileblad unda ganvixilot individualuri partiis SesaZleblobebi xeli Seuwyos mamakacisa da qalis Tanaswor monawileobas politikasi. kerzod, partiis Sida dokumentebi, kultura da regulaciebi, struqtura wamaxalisebel rols unda asrulebdnen genderuli balansis mirwevasi. Sidapartiuli reformebit, Sida demokratiis ganvitarebit qalta waxaliseba ert-erti alternativaa. 2. wamaxalisebeli meqanizmebi wamaxalisebeli meqanizmebi kvotirebis realur alternativad miicneva, radgan aseti zomebi naklebad moitxovs sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebs da metad aris mimartuli iseti wesebis SemoRebaze, romlebic waaxalisebs da ar avaldebulebs politikur partiebs xeli Seuwyon genderuli balansis mirwevas. wamaxalisebeli meqanizmebis mireba 28 DAHLERUP, D. (ed.) Women, Quotas, and Politics, (London: Routledge 2006); KROOK, M.L., Quotas for Women in Politics: Gender and Candidate Selection Reform Worldwide, (New York: Oxford University Press,2009). 29 Gender Equality in Elected Office : A Six-step Action Plan, OSCE/ODIHR, 2011 44

naklebad mtkivneuli sakitxia sazogadoebasi, rodesac kvotirebas mravalricxovani oponentebi hyavs. wamaxalisebeli meqanizmebis kutxit qveynebis gamocdileba gansxvavebulia da is umetesad morgebulia adgilobriv realobasa da sawiroebebs. genderuli Tanasworobis Sesaxeb kanoni, romelic saqartvelos parlamentma 2010 wlis gazafxulze miiro, 2008 wlidan iqmneboda. Tavdapirvelad es iniciativa ramdenime wlis win qalta politikuri resurscentrisgan Sevida parlamentsi, sabolood ki, parlaments gaeros ganvitarebis programam gauwia mxardawera. kanonproeqtze eqspertebis jgufi musaobda, romeltac sauketeso praqtika da realuri meqanizmebi SesTavazes parlaments. kanonproeqti Seicavda Canawers, romelic gvamcnobda, rom politikuri gaertianebebis mier kandidatta siebis momzadebisas orive sqesis warmomadgenlebistvis iqmneba Tanaswori SesaZleblobebi imgvarad, rom siis yoveli meore iyos gansxvavebuli sqesis warmomadgeneli. 30 kvotirebis perspeqtivas winaarmdegoba parlamentarebis mxridan mohyva da es punqti kanonproeqtidan amoires. kanonis saboloo damtkicebamde teqstsi Sesuli iyo Canawerebi wamaxalisebeli _ droebiti specialuri zomebis Sesaxeb. wamaxalisebeli saqmianoba ase iyo gawerili: - winasaarcevno kampaniis periodsi im politikur partiebs, romlebsac Tanabari raodenobis qali da mamakaci kandidatebi hyavt siasi, waxalisebis miznit miecet damatebit ufaso sareklamo-saetero dro sazogadoebriv mauwyebelze, ukve gansazrvruli drois ¼-is xangrzlivobit. - politikuri partia miirebs 100-procentian saxelmwifo dafinansebas im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gasul deputatta siasi sqesta Soris procendtuli Tanafardoba ar iqneba 2 procentze meti. - im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gasul deputatta siasi sqesta Soris procentuli Tanafardoba aremateba 2 procents, partias saxelmwifo dafinansebidan CamoeWras sqesta procentuli macveneblis sxvaobis naxevari. 3. `arafris keteba~ arafris ketebis politika, anu nebismieri damatebiti, mit umetes, alternatiuli, zomebis Tavidan arideba, romelic xels Seuwyobda genderuli balansis mirwevas saqartvelos parlamentsi, rigi mizezebis gamo SeiZleba ganvixilot, rogorc realuri alternativa. 30 ix.: http://www.psnews.info/php/newsshow.php?lang=geo&t=42&uid=47&page=87 45

pirvel rigsi, es midgoma sasualebas izleva saxelmwifos Zalisxmevis garese davelodot qartuli sazogadoebis iset ganvitarebas, rodesac qalta mimart damokidebuleba bunebrivad Seicvleba qveyanasi, qalebs ki bunebrivad gaucndebat politikasi aqtiurobis survili. arafris ketebis alternativa SesaZleblobas mogvcems sazogadoebis, politikuri cxovrebisa da saarcevno sistemis ganvitarebasi Careva aviridot Tavidan. amave dros SesaZlebelia davusvat, rom arsebuli genderuli surati saqartvelos parlamentsi sazogadoebis arcevania da saqartvelos amomrcevels, Tuki survili eqneboda, SeeZlo arcevani meti qali kandidatis sasargeblod gaeketebina. am SemTxvevaSi demokratiul sazogadoebasi amomrcevlis neba upiratesia. 46

m o s a l o d n e l i S e d e g e b i s m a t r i c a alternativa ganxorcielebis vadebi ganxorcielebadoba administraciuli TvalsazrisiT ganxorcielebadoba politikuri TvalsazrisiT Sedegianoba qalta warmomadgenlobis zrda parlamentsi (10 wlis vadasi) rentabeloba xarjianoba gavlena genderuli Tanasworobis problemaze samartlebrivi kvotebi wamaxalisebeli meqanizmebi `arafris keteba~ 2016 wlis saparlamento arcevnebi marali dabali 5%-iT dabali marali uaryofiti 2012 wlis saparlamento arcevnebi marali sasualo 5-10 %-it sasualo sasualo dadebiti - - marali 2-3 %-it dabali saertod ara uaryofiti

upiratesi alternativa nebismieri formis kvotirebaze saubari saqartvelos parlamentsi, politikuri partiebis speqtrsi uaryofit damokidebulebas iwvevs. respublikuri partiisa da `axali memarjveneebis~ liderebi uaryofitad uyureben kvotirebas da mas xelovnur meqanizmad miicneven. ufro metic, davit gamyrelizis azrit, nebismieri meqanizmi, romlitac partia valdebuli gaxdeba meti qali kandidati warmoadginos, kadrebis mwvave deficits gamoiwvevs. qveyanasi isedac arsebobs kvalificiuri kadrebis simcire da partiebistvis aseti regulaciebis daweseba mat mzime mdgomareobasi Caagdebs. Tina xidaselis azrit, respublikur partias Sidapartiulad aravitari barieri ar gaacnia imisatvis, rom qali kandidati ver moxvdes saarcevno siasi. Sesabamisad, is winaarmdegia qalta ricxvi saarcevno siasi da parlamentsi raime sakanonmdeblo meqanizmit gaizardos. genderis eqspertis irina Jvanias mosazrebit, kvotirebis sistema arsebuli genderuli disbalansis Sesacvlelad yvelaze realuri meqanizmia; Tumca, is daszens, rom am droebiti specialuri meqanizmis Semotanis oponentebsac Zlieri argumenti aqvt, radgan kvotireba (martalia droebit) mainc gulisxmobs pozitiur diskriminacias da, Sesabamisad, bevri mas arademokratiulad miicnevs. samartlebrivi kvotebi eutos 13 wevr qveyanasi iqna gamoyenebuli. Sedegad, 10 wlis periodsi im qveynebsi, sadac kvotireba dainerga, qalta warmomadgenloba 10 procentit gaizarda. aqve arsanisnavia, rom eutos im wevr qveynebsi, sadac kvotireba ar moqmedebs, sasualod 5,8 procentit gaizarda qalta ricxvi parlamentsi. Sesabamisad, eutos gatvlebit, drois atwlian monakvetsi samartlebrivi kvotebis danergvis efeqti mxolod 4,4 procentia. 31 kvotebis mimart uaryofiti damokidebuleba uaxlesi tendenciaa da mxolod saqartvelostvis ar aris damaxasiatebeli. evrobarometris 2009 wlis gamokitxvis Tanaxmad, romelic evropelebis (evrokavsiris mosaxleobis) damokidebulebas ikvlevda genderuli balansis misarwevi meqanizmebis mimart, acvena, rom kvotireba evrokavsiris mosaxleobis mxolod 10 procentisatvis aris misarebi. 32 aqedan gamomdinare, kvotirebis efeqti imdenad STambeWdavic ar aris da sazogadoebistvis aseti mgrznobiare gadawyvetilebis mirebis Sesaferisobaze msjeloba aucilebelia. amastan, gasatvaliswinebelia, rom TiToeul qveyanas kvotirebis individualuri sqema aqvs Seqmnili, motxovnebis, sanqciebis Tu simkacris TvalsazrisiT. konkretuli magalitebs Tu gavitvaliswinebt, kvotireba warmatebulia iset qveynebsi, sadac mxolod proporciuli saarcevno sistema moqmedebs da mravalmandatiani saarcevno olqebia. saqartvelo CamoTvliTagan arc ert kriteriums ar akmayofilebs. 31 ix. cxrili #1. 32 ix. cxrili # 3. 48

problemidan gamosavals politikuri partiebi mxolod Tavisufal da samartlian arcevnebsi xedaven. isini ertmnisvnelovnad ewinaarmdegebian samartlebrivi kvotebis SemoRebas, radgan, rogorc amboben, es xelovnuri meqanizmia, romelic sabolood problemas ar gadawris. NDI-is saqartvelos ofisis xelmzrvaneli luis navaro ambobs, rom problemis gadawris gza yvela qveynistvis individualuria. warmomadgenlobis gazrda TavisTavad ar uzrunvelyofs Sedegs da ar cvlis sazogadoebis damokidebulebebs myisierad. Sesabamisad, finansuri danaxarjebic meti aqvs, vidre sxva alternativebs. genderuli Tanasworobis kutxit ert-erti gamorceuli qveyana SvedeTia, romelsac balansis misarwevad samartlebrivi kvotebi arasodes gamouyenebia. iseti meqanizmebis wyalobit, rogoricaa Sidapartiuli kampaniebi da arasamtavrobo organizaciebis aqtiuroba, dresdreobit qalta warmomadgenloba SvedeTis parlamentsi 45 procentia. arafris keteba _ status-kvos SenarCuneba iseti axali demokratiis qveyanasi, rogoric saqartveloa, gaumartlebelia. rogorc postsabwota qveynebis magaliti gvacvenebs, evrokavsirtan integraciis procesis dawyebastan ertad genderuli balansi gacnda politikur dris wesrigsi. politikuri partiebisgan gansxvavebit, romeltac SeuZliaT SeewinaaRmdegon iseti meqanizmebis SemoRebas, romelic mat aizulebs meti investireba moaxdinon qali kandidatebis rekrutirebasi, saxelmwifos mxridan am sakitxis ignorireba dausvebelia. saqartvelos mtavrobis gadawyvetileba, mierteboda am sakitxze arsebul konvenciebsa da rezoluciebs, avaldebulebs mas realuri meqanizmebi SeimuSavos rekomendebuli 30 procentiani warmomadgenlobis misarwevad. 33 Tu kvlav `evrobarometris kvlevis Sedegebs davakvirdebit, evrokavsiris mosaxleobis 54 procenti Sesaferis meqanizmad politikasi qalta monawileobis waxalisebas miicnevs. gamokitxulta mxolod 7 procenti fiqrobs, rom genderuli balansis misarwevad zomebis mireba sawiro ar aris. gamomdinare iqidan, rom kvotirebis sistemis SemoReba am etapze radikalur meqanizms warmoadgens, xolo arafris ketebis politikam SeiZleba mxolod grzelvadian periodsi moitanos mcireodeni cvlilebebi, wamaxalisebeli meqanizmebis SemoReba realuri, efeqtiani da naklebad mtkivneuli alternativaa. genderuli Tanasworobis Sesaxeb kanonis pirvandeli teqsti ukve Seicavda Canawerebs wamaxalisebeli meqanizmebis Sesaxeb da arnisnuli muxlebi kvalificiuri specialistebis kvlevis Sedegad iqna SemuSavebuli. Sesabamisad, wamaxalisebeli meqanizmebis gatareba da am gzit genderuli Tanasworobisken realuri nabijebis gadadgma, sxva alternativebtan SedarebiT, ufro umtkivneulo da rentabeluria. 33 CineTSi gamartuli gaeros qalta IV konferenciaze SemuSavebuli rekomendaciis Tanaxmad, TvalsaCino gavlenis mosaxdenad qalta warmomadgenloba 30 procents mainc unda Seadgendes. 49

2012 wlis saparlamento arcevnebamde darcenil dros Tu gavitvaliswinebt, am kutxit radikaluri zomebis mireba kidev ufro gaamwvavebs politikur vitarebas. amitom upiratesoba wamaxalisebel meqanizmebs unda mieniwos. r e k o m e n d a c i e b i 2012 wlis saparlamento arcevnebis win yvelaze droulia saqartvelos parlamentsi genderuli suratis Sesacvlelad aucilebeli zomebis mireba. iqidan gamomdinare, rom sazogadoebas sakmaod mnisvnelovani politikuri cvlilebebis Segueba uwevs, aucilebelia SemuSavdes da gatardes iseti wamaxalisebeli meqanizmebi, romlebic amomrcevlistvis naklebad mtkivneulia da, amave dros, saxelmwifos mxirdan did danaxarjebs ar moitxovs. Sedegis misarwevad sawiroa Sevides cvlilebebi genderuli Tanasworobis Sesaxeb kanonsi da kanonis teqsts daematos muxlebi wamaxalisebeli meqanizmebis Sesaxeb, romelic kanonis pirvel redaqciasi ukve arsebobda da SemuSavebuli iyo kvalificiuri eqspertebis daxmarebit. kerzod, kanons unda daematos Semdegi muxlebi: - winasaarcevno kampaniis periodsi im politikur partiebs, romlebsac Tanabari raodenobis qali da mamakaci kandidatebi hyavt siasi, waxalisebis miznit miecet damatebit ufaso sareklamo-aetero dro sazogadoebriv mauwyebelze, ukve gansazrvruli drois ¼-is xangrzlivobit. - politikuri partia miirebs 100-procentian dafinansebas im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gasul deputatta siasi sqesta Soris procentuli Tanafardoba ar iqneba 2 procentze meti. - im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gasul deputatta siasi sqesta Soris procentuli Tanafardoba aremateba 2 procents, partias saxelmwifo dafinansebidan CamoeWras sqesta procentuli macveneblis sxvaobis naxevari. kanonsi cvlilebebis Setanis TvalsazrisiT aucilebelia parlamentis TavmjdomaresTan arsebuli genderuli Tanasworobis sabwos musaobis gaaqtiureba. 2012 wlis saparlamento arcevnebistvis sazogadoebasi cnobierebis asamarleblad Sesabamisi kampaniebis warmoeba am sakitxze momusave arasamtavrobo organizaciebma unda ganaxorcielon. saertasoriso organizaciebis SuamdgomlobiT mtavrobam unda gaataros Sesabamisi zomebi politikur partiebsi wamaxalisebeli meqanizmebisadmi dadebiti damokidebulebis Sesaqmnelad. momavali arcevnebis win mxedvelobasia misarebi eutos sadamkvirveblo misiis mier SemuSavebuli rekomendaciebi. 50

d a s k v n a msoflios ganvitarebul nawilsi arar daoben imaze, rom inkluziuri demokratia qalisa da mamakacis Tanabari monawileobis garese ver Sedgeba. saqartvelosi, rogorc axali demokratiis qveyanasi, jer kidev mimdinareobs brzola stereotipebtan da es procesi Tanabrad aisaxeba qveynis arceviti sakanonmdeblo organos genderul suratze. rogorc dokumentis sxvadasxva Tavidan natlad Cans, genderuli balansi warmomadgenlobit organosi mravali kutxit aris sazogadoebis socialur-politikuri mdgomareobis anarekli. aq TiTqos gadamwyveti moqalaqeebis arcevania, magram iq, sadac saarcevno siebs partiebi adgenen da Semdgom stavazoben amomrcevlebs, politikur cxovrebasi qalta monawileobis waxalisebis sakitxsi politikuri partia ualternativo rgoli xdeba. politikuri partiebis liderebtan intervium cxadyo, rom partiebi saqartvelosi am sakitxs did yuradrebas ar utmoben. genderuli utanasworobis problemasi brali ganvitarebis processi myof politikur kulturasaც miuzrvis. parlaments garet myofi, mwiri resursebis mqone politikuri partiebis dris wesrigsi ki sxva sasicocxlo mnisvnelobis sakitxebi xvdeba. wamaxalisebeli meqanizmebi cvlilebebis ganxorcielebis SedarebiT umtkivneulo gzaa. sakanonmdeblo organosi genderuli Tanasworobis mirwevis processi gadamwyvetia xelisuflebis roli da mis mier SeTavazebuli meqanizmebi. realuri cvlilebebis ganxorcielebas saqartvelosi xels uslis politikuri nebis ararseboba da siaxleebis mimart politikuri partiebis sixiste. rogorc centraluri da armosavleti evropis magalitidan Cans, genderuli Tanasworobis problemaze musaoba yvelaze efeqtianad samoqalaqo sazogadoebisa da mtavrobis urtierttanamsromlobis Sedegad aris SesaZlebeli. problemis gadawra am ori umtavresi institutis garese SeuZlebelia. amjamad saqartvelosi ateulobit organizacia funqcionirebs genderuli sakitxebis mimartulebit, Tumca isini politikuri partiebisa da xelisuflebisgan sakmaris mxardaweras ver ireben. saarcevno kanonmdeblobis ganxilvis processi mudam yuradrebis mirma rceba genderuli aspeqtebi. es, samwuxarod, imaze mianisnebs, rom politikur dris wesrigisi es sakitxi satadarigo adgils ikavebs. 2012 wlis saparlamento arcevnebis win realuri Cans wamaxalisebeli meqanizmebis im formit gatareba, rogorc es `genderuli Tanasworobis Sesaxeb kanonis~ pirvel redaqciasi iyo mocemuli. is garemoeba, rom wamaxalisebeli meqanizmebis am nasromsi moyvanili redaqcia SemuSavebuli iyo saertasoriso organizaciebisa da adgilobrivi eqspertebis ZalisxmeviT, safuzvels gvazlevs vifiqrot, rom is maqsimalurad aris morgebuli adgilobriv vitarebas. SesaZloa politikuri partiebis ganwyoba kvlavac uaryofiti darces da arc xelisufleba iyos entuziazmit ganwyobili am sakitxis mimart, magram adre Tu gvian 51

evrokavsirsi integraciis procesi genderuli Tanasworobis kutxit qmediti meqanizmebis gatarebis aucileblobas warmosobs. l i t e r a t u r a 1. gazeti `axali Taoba~, 2006 wlis 19 ivnisi, #167, `parlamentsi qalebis ricxvi unda gaizardos~. 2. gonasvili vasil, genderuli Tanasworobis konstituciur-samartlebrivi aspeqtebi, Tbilisi, 2008. 3. konvencia qalis diskriminaciis yvela formis likvidaciis Sesaxeb CEDAW is arsrulebis kvleva saqartvelosi, nawili meore. qalta sainformacio centri, Tbilisi, 2011. 4. koncefcia politikuri partiebis dafinanseba saqartvelosi: konkurenciis xelsewyoba da angarisgebis gaumjobeseba, robert dali, IFES-is mrceveli samartlebrivi politikis sferosi, 2011 wlis marti. 5. politikuri partiis saxelmzrvanelo principebi politikur partiebsi qalta monawileobisa da genderuli Tanasworobis Sesaxeb, amonaridi OSCE/ODIHR-is da veneciis komisiis gzamkvlevebidan. 6. `regionis droit~, 2007 wlis 1 ivlisi #38; `ratom unda movidnen qalebi politikasi ufro aqtiurad~. 7. saqartvelos genderuli Tanasworobis saxelmwifo koncefcia 2006; 8. saqartvelos kanoni genderuli Tanasworobis Sesaxeb. 9. saqartvelos mtavrobis gankarguleba N 539, 2007 wlis 26 seqtemberi, Tbilisi; saqartvelosi genderuli Tanasworobis politikis ganxorcielebis RonisZiebaTa 2007-2009 wlebis samoqmedo gegmis damtkicebis Sesaxeb. 10. saqartvelos mtavrobis dadgenileba N 211, 2007 wlis 26 seqtemberi q. Tbili saqartvelosi genderuli Tanasworobis politikis SemmuSavebeli uwyebatasorisi komisiis Sesaxeb. 11. saqartvelos finansuri politikis genderuli ganzomilebebi, Tbilisi, 2009. 12. sumbaze nana, genderi da sazogadoeba: saqartvelo. Tbilisi, 2008; 13. qalta monawileoba saarcevno procesebsi: kvlevebi da daskvnebi euto-s demokratiuli institutebisa da adamianis uflebata ofisis 2008 wlis saprezidento, 2008 wlis saparlamento da 2010 wlis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arcevnebis daskvniti angarisebi: amonaridebi. 14. Annual report 2010-2011 UN Women Communications Section of UN Women, Editor: Nanette Braun. 15. Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action The Fourth World Conference on Women,Having met in Beijing from 4 to 15 September 1995. 16. BRIDGE (development - gender)institute of Development Studies University of Sussex. Gender and empowerment: definitions, approaches and implications for policy. Briefing prepared for the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) by Zoë Oxaal with Sally BadenOctober 1997. 17. Brussels, 18.12.2009, COM(2009)694 final, Report from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions,Equality between women and men 2010, {SEC(2009)1706}. 18. Case Study: The IPU Promoting Partnership between Men and Women in Parliament: The Experience of the Inter-Parliamentary Union. Sonia Palmieri and Kareen Jabre. 19. CaucAsia, international coalition of gender journalists, international information-analytical electronic magazine the second issue, February, 2005. 20. CEDAW General Recommendations Signatories Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, full text. 52

21. Council of Europe, Conseil De L Europe, Directorate General of Human Rights and Legal Affairs Gender Equality Division Balanced participation of women and men in political and public decision-making.2009. 22. EGM/WPD-EE/2005/EP.123 November 2005; United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women (DAW)Expert Group Meeting Enhancing Participation of Women in Development through an Enabling Environment for Achieving Gender Equality andthe Advancement of Women Bangkok, Thailand, 8-11 November 2005-10-29 Women s Political Participation: Issues and Challenges (Draft)Prepared by Farzana Bari. 23. Emerging Issues in Asia through Women spolitical Participation by The Asia Foundation s Office of External Relations. Contributing editors: Dr. Marsha J. Vande Berg and Annette Kirchner. ww.asiafoundation.org; 24. Enhancing Women spolitical Participation:A Policy Note for Europeand the Commonwealth of Independent States. 2010. By the UNDP Regional Bureau for Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States. 25. Gender Equality in Elected Office:A Six-StepAction. PlanBaseline study for the OSCE/ODIHR Handbook on Measures to Promote Women s Participation in Political Parties.2011. 26. Gender Equality in Sweden a summary Government Offices, Division for Gender Equality,SE- 103 33. Stockholm, SWEDEN. 27. Ministry of Economic Development of Georgia. Department for Statistics, Women and Menin Georgia. Statistical Booklet Prepared within the frame of UNDP Gender and Politics Programme in the South Caucasus Tbilisi 2008. 28. National Democratic Institute NDI Brochure - Global Action Plan Win With Women Strengthening political parties. 29. Public attitudes in Georgia: Results of a September 2011 survey carried out for NDI by CRRC. 30. Project Document: Gender and Politics Project,Georgia UNDP and Sida: Gender and Politics Programme for the South Caucasus. 31. Supplementary Human Rights Dimension, Promoting Gender Balance and Participation of Womenin Political and Public Life 6-7 May 2010Vienna, Austria Final Report. 32. The eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). 33. The Implementation of Quotas: European Experiences Quota Report Series. Edited by Julie Ballingtonand Francesca Binda. International IDEA Stockholm 2005. 34. United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women (DAW), Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU), Equal Participation of Women and Men in Decision-Making Processes,with Particular Emphasis on Political Participation and Leadership Report of the Expert Group Meeting Addis- Ababa, Ethiopia24 27 October 2005. 35. United Nations S/RES/1325 (2000) Security Council Distr.: General 31 October 200000-72018 (E)Resolution 1325 (2000)Adopted by the Security Council at its 4213th meeting, on31 October 2000. 36. Women in Parliament: Beyond Numbers, Stockholm, International IDEA,1998. Chapter 2.Obstacles to Women s Participation in Parliament Nadezdha Shvedova. 37. Women in Parliament: Beyond Numbers, Stockholm, International IDEA,1998. 38. Women in Parliament: Making a Difference. Jon I Lovenduski and Azza Karam. 39. pirispir interviuebi: `axali memarjveneebis~ lideri, davit gamyrelize, `respublikuri partiis~ ert-erti lideri, TinaTin xidaseli, NDI saqartvelos ofisis xelmzrvaneli luis navaro. 40. satelefono interviu genderis eqspert irina JvaniasTan. d a n a r T i 53

cxrili #1 mocemuli cxrili asaxavs eutos regionsi samartlebrivi kvotebis danergvis gavlenas parlamentsi qalta warmomadgenlobaze (wyaro: www.quotaproject.org) 54

cxrili #2. qalta warmomadgenloba eutos qveynebis parlamentebsi. wyaro saparlamenttasoriso kavsiri `qalebi parlamentsi~, www.ipu.org/wmn-e/world.htm 55

cxrili #3. `evrobarometris kvleva~ evropelebis damokidebuleba genderuli Tanasworobis meqanizmebisadmi. 2009 wlis Tebervali. wyaro: `evrobarometri~ 56

cxrili #4. qalta warmomadgenloba saqartvelos parlamentsi (20 wlis manzilze) arcevnebis TariRi deputatta saerto raodenoba deputat qalta raodenoba qalta monawileoba (%) 1992 220 14 6.3 1995 250 16 6.4 1998 235 17 7.2 2004 235 22 9.4 2008 150 /138 9 6.5 intervius kitxvari 1. Tqveni azrit, sawiroa Tu ara saqartvelos parlamentsi meti qalis yofna? ratom? 2. ra mizezebitaa gamowveuli genderuli disbalansis problema saqartvelos parlamentsi? (miicnevt Tu ara am sakitxs problemad?) 3. zogadad qveynistvis ra gavlenas axdens genderuli disbalansi parlamentsi? 4. Tqveni azrit, ra uslis xels qalebs, rom isini politikasi aqtiurebi iyvnen? 5. Tqveni azrit, ra uslis xels politikur partiebs, rom meti qali kandidati warmoadginon? 6. Tqveni azrit, ra meqanizmebit SeiZleba am problemis gadawra? 7. dauwerdit Tu ara mxars samartlebriv kvotebs? ratom? 8. Tqveni azrit, ra dadebiti/uaryofiti mxareebi aqvs kvotirebas? 9.Tqveni azrit, ra Seicvleba, Tu parlamentis Semadgenlobis 30 procenti qali iqneba? 10. Tqveni azrit, ra gamowvevebis winase dadgebian politikuri partiebi Tu kvotirebis sistema damkvidrdeba? madloba! 57