Executive Board. Chairman: Gia Nodia. Members: Inga Todria Archil Osidze Iago Kachkachishvili Giorgi Loladze George Gvakharia Revaz Sakevarishvili

2005 4(5)

armasrulebeli sabwo: sabwos Tavmjdomare: gia nodia wevrebi: inga Todria argil osize iago kawkawisvili giorgi lolaze giorgi gvaxaria revaz sayevarisvili armasrulebeli dirqtori: davit dargiasvili Executive Board Chairman: Gia Nodia Members: Inga Todria Archil Osidze Iago Kachkachishvili Giorgi Loladze George Gvakharia Revaz Sakevarishvili Executive Director David Darchiashvili

evrointegraciis gzaze saqartvelo iziarebs evrokavsirisatvis saerto Rirebulebebsa da miznebs da miignevs, rom evrokavsirsi gawevrianeba qveynis ekonomikuri da politikuri ganvitarebis mnisvnelovani garantiaa, - natqvamia saqartvelos erovnuli usafrtxoebis koncefciasi, romelic wels damtkicda. evrointegraciis rtuli gzis warmatebit gavla SeuZlebelia demokratiuli faseulobebisa da Ria sazogadoebis damkvidrebis garese. swored am faseulobebis damkvidrebas emsaxureba fondi Ria sazogadoeba - saqartvelo. evropasi saqartvelos integraciisatvis arsebiti mnisvneloba aqvs samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Zalisxmevas. aseve, arsebitia politikuri mxardawera TviT evrostuqturebsi, - Tvlis fondis armasrulebeli direqtori, davit dar- GiaSvili. gza evrokavsirisaken, romelic saqartvelos jer gasavleli aqvs, ukve gaiares baltiispiretis qveynebma, mat Soris, latviam. isini mzad arian, yvelanairad Seuwyon xeli saqartvelos gawevrianebas nato-sa da evrokavsirsi. saqartvelo-latvia, arasamtavrobota forumi fond Ria sazogadoeba - saqartvelosa da latviis arasamtavrobo organizaciebis ganvitarebis platformis TanamSromlobiT, a.w. 5-6 oqtombers TbilisSi gaimarta arasamtavrobo organizaciebis forumi - gza evrokavsirisaken. forumze yuradreba gamaxvilda iset Temebze, rogoricaa samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ganvi- Tareba samomavlod evrokavsirsi integraciisatvis, ganatleba da socialuri sfero. es iyo latviuri da qartuli samoqalaqo sazogadoebis TanamSromlobis pirveli praqtikuli nabiji, - arnisnavs fond Ria sazogadoeba saqartvelos integraciisa da samoqalaqo ganatlebis programis menejeri, mixeil mirziasvili. TOWARDS EUROPEAN INTEGRATION Georgia shares common values and objectives with the European Union and sees the accession to the European Union as a firm guarantee of economic and political development, reads the Georgian national security concept, which has been endorsed this year. To get successfully to the end of the rough path leading to the European integration is impossible without the establishment of democratic values and open society. The Open Society Georgia Foundation strives for the establishment of the values. Civil society efforts in Georgia as well as political support in European institutions is paramount for Georgia s integration to Europe, says David Darchiashvili, the OSGF executive director. The road to the European Union, which Georgia has yet to travel, has been already traveled by Baltic states, including Latvia. The states show willingness to help Georgia in every possible way in the accession to NATO and the European Union. Georgia-Latvia - The NGO Forum OSGF in association with Latvian NGDO Platform, the union of non-governmental organizations, held a forum, Moving towards the European Union in Tbilisi on October 5-6. The forum dealt with the topics like civil society development for the future accession to the European Union, the education and social sectors. This was the first practical step of cooperation between Latvian and Georgian civil societies, says Mikheil Mirziashvili, the manager of OSGF s Integration and Civil Education Program. The forum was addressed by Vaira Vike- Freiberga, the President of Latvia. She took part in the forum as part of her official visit to Georgia, which aimed at closer cooperation between the states. 1

forumze sityvit TviT latviis respublikis prezidenti, vaira vike-fraiberga, gamovida. am RonisZiebaSi monawileoba iyo ert-ert nawili saqartvelosi misi oficialuri vizitisa, romelic or qveyanas Soris TanamSromlobis garrmavebas isaxavda miznad. vaira vike-fraibergam xazi gausva arasamtavrobo organizaciebis rols demokratiuli institutebis ganvitarebis processi, romelic nabijnabij, mirwevidan-mirwevamde unda xorcieldebodes. demokratia aris politikuri sistema, romelic moqalaqeebs argevanis SesaZleblobas azlevs; demokratia gulisxmobs, rom TiToeuli moqalaqe Tanabrad pasuxismgebelia imaze, rac xdeba mis qveyanasi, - arnisna latviis prezidentma da daszina, - Gven imedebs vamyarebt momaval TanamSromlobaze. dasaxuli miznebi arasamtavrobo organizaciata mnisvnelovan rols gausva xazi evropul da evroatlantikur struqturebsi integraciis sakitxebsi saqartvelos saxelmwifo ministrma, giorgi barami- Zemac. Gven SevZeliT mogvexdina revolucia, radgan gvqonda Zlieri media da arasamtavrobo seqtori, - arnisna man. saxelmwifo ministri Tvlis, rom win sakmaod grzeli gzaa ambiciuri miznebis misarwevad da mtavaria, sworad ganisazrvros prioritetebi. forumma, gza evrokavsirisaken, martlac, ganamtkica latviasa da saqartvelos Soris ukve arsebuli kavsirebi. mis dasasruls xeli moewera TanamSromlobis memorandums. mxareebi Se- Tanxmdnen, gaaertianon Zalisxmeva saqartvelosi samoqalaqo sazogadoebis gazlierebis miznit, rata xeli Seuwyon qveynis evrointegracias. memorandumsi, agretve, xazgasmulia arasamtavrobo organizaciebis xelisuflebasa da municipalur struqturebtan mwidro da xelsayreli TanamSromlobis Gamoyalibebis mnisvneloba, gansakutrebit - ganatlebisa da socialur sferoebsi. samezoblo politika fondma Ria sazogadoeba - saqartvelom, fond evraziasa da hainrix biolis fondis xelsewyobit, moaxdina ramodenime ateuli arasamtavrobo organizaciis Zalisxmevis organizeba evropis samezoblo politikis samoqmedo gegmastan dakavsirebul rekomendaciata paketis Vaira Vike-Freiberga stressed the role of non-governmental organizations in the development of democratic institutions, which should be implemented step-by-step from a concrete achievement to achievement. Democracy is a political system that allows citizens the right of choice; the democracy implies that each citizen is equally responsible for the developments in the country, says the Latvian President and adds that she hopes for further cooperation. Goals Set The State Minister on European and Euro- Atlantic Integration, Giorgi Baramidze, also highlighted the important role of non-governmental organizations in the integration to European institutions. We were able to conduct a revolution as we had the strong media and non-government sector, he says. We have to go a long way before we reach ambitious goals and right definition of priorities is paramount, says the Minister. The forum Moving towards the European Union has strengthened existing ties between Latvia and Georgia. At the end of the forum, a cooperation memorandum was signed. The countries agreed to join efforts to contribute to the growth of civil society in Georgia and the country s integration to Europe. The memorandum also highlighted the importance of establishing close and useful ties between nongovernmental organizations the government and municipal bodies, especially in the education and social sectors. Neighborhood Policy OSGF with the help of the Eurasia Foundation and Heinrich Böll Foundation has coordinated efforts of tens of non-governmental organizations to make a package recommendation regarding the 2

Sesaqmnelad. rekomendaciebi ukve gadaeca xelisuflebas. "2004 wlis 14 ivniss evrokavsiris (ministrta) sabwom ariara saqartvelo, azerbaijansa da somxettan ertad, "evropis samezoblo politikis" (ENP) wevrad. "samezoblo politikis samoqmedo gegmam (AP) unda uzrunvelyos politikuri dialogis gazliereba, damoukidebeli mediisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ganvitarebis xelsewyoba. arasamtavrobo organizaciebi apireben, gaagrzelon saqmianoba da mtavrobis mier Gamoyalibebuli prioritetebis Sesrulebis monitoringi ganaxorcielon. mat gegmasi aqvt, Seiswavlon drevandeli situacia kanonis uzenaesobis, adamianis uflebebis dacvis, garemos dacvisa da siraribis dazlevis kutxit da erti wlis mere Seafason, mirweulia Tu ara progresi am sferoebsi. am saqmianobasi fridrix ebertis fondic apirebs GarTvas. European Neighborhood Policy. The recommendations have been already submitted to the government. "On June 14, 2004, the European Council decided to include Georgia, along with Azerbaijan and Armenia, in the European Neighborhood Policy (ENP). "The Neighborhood Policy Action Plan (AP) is to secure strengthening of political dialogue and contribute to the development of the independent media and civil society. NGOs plan to keep on working and monitor the implementation of priorities set out by the government. The sectors they intend to observe include supremacy of law, human rights, environment protection and poverty reduction in order to make evaluation in a year whether the country has made any progress. The Friedrich Ebert Foundation also plans to join in the process. arasamtavrobo organizaciebi demokratiis, kanonis uzenaesobisa da adamianis uflebata sadarajoze unda idgnen, risi konkretuli gamovlenac aseti saqmianoba unda iyos, - ambobs fond Ria sazogadoeba - saqartvelos armasrulebeli direqtori, davit dargiasvili. gamwvirvaloba da angarisvaldebuleba gamwvirvaloba amcirebs siraribes - aseti sataurit a.w. 17 marts fainensenel taimssi (Financial Times) cnobili finansistisa da filantropis, Ria sazogadoebis institutebis qselis damfuzneblis, jorj sorosis, statia daibewda. pirveli nabiji aris gamwvirvaloba, Semdegi - angarisvaldebuleba, - xazs usvams is da arnisnavs, rom cnobili saertasoriso korporaciebi iwyeben gamwvirvalobis mnisvnelobisa da aucileblobis gatvitcnobierebas. gamwvirvaleoba da angarisvaldebuleba qartuli arasamtavrobo seqtoris mnisvnelovani sazrunavicaa. 28 noembers xutma cnobilma sazogadoebrivma organizaciam daafuzna koalicia - sajaro finansebis gamwvirvalobisatvis. koaliciis memorandums xels aweren am organizaciis xelmzrvanelebi: fond Ria sazogadoeba Non-governmental organizations are to keep guard over democracy, supremacy of law, human rights, and such activities should be a reflection of their efforts, says David Darchiashvili, the OSGF executive director. TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY Transparency Reduces Poverty was the headline of an article by George Soros, a prominent financier, philanthropist and the founder of the open society institute network, published in the March 17 issue of the Financial Times. Transparency is the first step, the next one is accountability, he stresses and notes that well-known international corporations have started to understand the importance and necessity of transparency. 3

konkretuli gegmebi koaliciis wevrebi ganaxorcieleben monitorings Semdegi konkretuli mimartulebebit: ataswleulis gamowvevis amerikuli programis farglebsi mirebuli finansuri daxmareba; baqo-tbilisi-jeihanis milsadenis kompaniis mier saqartvelos mtavrobisatvis Seqmnili sagranto programa; saqartvelosi privatizaciidan mirebuli Semosavlebi. rogorc fond Ria sazogadoeba - saqartvelos saqartvelos Semosavlebis metvalyureobis programis (Georgia Revenue Watch) koordinatori, irakli xodeli, arnisnavs, koaliciis musaobis ert-erti mnisvnelovani mimartulebaa mompovebiti mrewvelobis gamwvirvalobis saertasoriso iniciativis (EITI) implementaciis mirweva saqartvelosi. dialogue between civil society organizations, business and state agencies. The coalition For Transparency of Public Finances aims to contribute to improved budget processes and practices in Georgia, transparency and the involvement of civil society in the budget processes, transparency in extraction industries and revenues from the transit of power resources, public control and so on. Specific Plans The coalition members will conduct monitoring in the specific directions: Monitoring of Millennium Challenge Grant administration in Georgia; Monitoring of British Petroleum Grant Program for Georgia; Monitoring of revenues from the privatization process in Georgia. arnisnuli iniciativa didi britanetis xelisuflebis mier 2002 wels dafuznda. igi kerzo kompaniebs avaldebulebs, gamoaqveynon sruli informacia saxelmwifostvis mat mier gadaxdili gadasaxadebis Sesaxeb. saqartvelos teritoriaze navtobisa da gazis satranzito milsadenebis mseneblobam wiariseulis mopovebidan da energoresursebis tranzitidan mirebuli Semosavlebis gamwvirvalobis sawiroeba gazarda, - ambobs irakli xodeli. arsanisnavia, rom xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebic, kerzod, saxelmwifo ministri, kaxa benduqize, mxars uwers saqartvelos mompovebiti mrewvelobis gamwvirvalobis saertasoriso iniciativastan miertebas. Sesabamisad, arasamtavrobo koalicia mtavrobis mier seriozul mokavsired unda iqnas arqmuli. dekembris bolo ricxvebsi Gatarebul koaliciis sabwos pirvel sxdomaze irakli xodeli argeul iqna koaliciis koordinatorad. agretve, mirebul iqna gadawyvetileba, TebervalSi Gatardes mompovebiti mrewvelobis gamwvirvalobis iniciativisadmi mizrvnili konferencia. One of the most important tasks of the coalition is the implementation of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) in Georgia, says Irakli Khodeli, the Georgia Revenue Watch coordinator. EITI was founded by the British government in 2002. It obliges private companies to publish full reports on taxes paid to the state. Irakli Khodeli says it is important that transparency of revenues from the oil and gas pipeline construction on Georgian territory, from extractive industries, and transit of energy resources should be increased. It should be noted that government officials, in particular, State Minister Kakha Bendukidze support Georgia s accession to the Extractive Industry 5

- saqartvelos saxelit - davit dargiasvili; saqartvelos axalgazrda iuristta asociaciis saxelit - ana dolize; saqartvelos axalgazrda ekonomistta asociaciis saxelit - Tengiz SergelaSvili; saertasoriso gamwvirvaloba - saqartvelos saxelit - mark maleni; ekonomikuri politikis kvlevis centris saxelit - davit Wkadua. fond Ria sazogadoeba - saqartvelos armasrulebeli direqtori, davit dargiasvili, arnisnavs, rom koaliciasi gaertianebuli organizaciebi gamocdilebita da sazogadoebrivi aqtiurobit gamoirgevian. mati Tanadgoma da urtiertdaxmareba, rac koaliciis formirebis ert-erti mizanicaa, arsebitia samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mseneblobisa da Semdgomi ganvitarebis processi, - xazs usvams igi. koaliciis misia Gven, koaliciasi Semaval sazogadoebriv organizaciebs, gvaertianebs rwmena imisa, rom xalxs SeuZlia zegavlena moaxdinos saxelmwifos mier sabiujeto procesebis gam- Wvirvaled warmartvasi. saxelmwifo biujeti is ZiriTadi instrumentia, romlis mesveobitac xelisufleba gadawyvetilebebs irebs, xolo samoqalaqo sazogadoeba - umnisvnelovanesi iarari farto sazogadoebis sabiujeto procesebsi GasarTavad, - natqvamia koaliciis mimartvasi. saqartvelos axalgazrda iuristta asociaciis Tavmjdomare, ana dolize, mouwodebs moqalaqeebs, ufro aqtiurad GaerTon am procesebsi, rata cxadi gaxdes, rogor gankargavs da rasi xarjavs xelisufleba finansebs. is sazogadoebriv organizaciebs, biznessa da saxelmwifo struqturebs Soris am kutxit dialogis sawiroebazec miutitebs. koalicia sajaro finansebis gamwvirvalobisatvis miznad isaxavs xeli Seuwyos saqartvelosi uketesi sabiujeto procesebisa da praqtikis damkvidrebas, gamwvirvalobisa da sabiujeto procesebsi sazogadoebis GarTulobas, wiariseulis mopovebidan da energoresursebis tranzitidan Semosavlebis gamwvirvalobasa da sazogadoebriv metvalyureobas da sxv. Transparency and accountability present Georgian non-governmental sector s concern as well. On November 28, five well-known civil society organizations founded a coalition For Transparency of Public Finances. The memorandum of the coalition was signed by chiefs of the organizations - David Darchiashvili signed the document on behalf of the Open Society - Georgia Foundation, Ana Dolidze from the Young Lawyers Association, Tengiz Shergelashvili from the Young Economists Association, Mark Malen from the International Transparency Georgia and David Chkadua from the Economic Policy Research Center. David Darchiashvili, the executive director of OSGF, says the organizations in the coalition are remarkable for their experience and active public life. Their support and help to each other, which is also one of the goals of making the coalition, is paramount in building civil society and its further development, he stresses. The Mission of the Coalition What brings us together is our belief that we, the people, have a right to influence the public choices that shape our lives. Public budgets are the chief instruments by which governments make theses decisions, and civil society is the greatest tool to ensure that people are part of that process, reads the statement of the coalition. Ana Dolidze, the chairman of the Young Lawyers Association, calls for the active involvement of citizens in the processes to make it clear how the government manages funds and spends them. To that end, she also points to the need of 4

qartul-osuri dialogi: ndobis ardgena saqartvelos bolodroindeli istoria simboluri damtxvevebitaa arsavse: vardebis revolucia da awarasi mmartvelobis Secvla giorgobis brwyinvale dresaswaulebze (23 noembers da 6 maiss) moxda. im dres ki, rodesac fond Ria sazogadoeba - saqartvelos ofissi qartul-osuri urtiertobebis daregulirebis axal koncefcias ixilavdnen, cxinvalma moulodnelad gaajrera samsvidobo gegma. mteli wlis ganmavlobasi samsvidobo iniciativebi mxolod Tbilisidan modioda da cxinvalis es nabiji imaze metyvelebs, rom problemis gadawyvetis dro momwifda. zustad am dros mouswro samusao jgufis mier momzadebulma nasromma, romelic fond Ria sazogadoeba saqartvelos mxardawerit Seiqmna da problemis Rrma gaanalizebas eyrdnoba. fondis ifissi mowyobili dokumentis ganxilva damswretatvis imdenad saintereso armognda, rom gacxovelebuli msjeloba da azrta gacvla sakmaod didxans gagrzelda. es gasakviri araa, Gven xom yvelas, qartvelebsac da osebsac, gvawuxebs wlebis manzilze mougvarebeli konfliqti. avtorta mosazrebebi fond Ria sazogadoeba saqartvelos integraciisa da samoqalaqo ganatlebis programis menejeri, mixeil mirziasvili, arnisnavs, rom am nasromis mizani iyo garkveuli struqtura mieca konfliqtis Sesaxeb avtorta xelsi dagrovili dokumenturi, analitikuri da sarekomendacio masalisatvis. es, Tavis mxriv, problemis garsemo sagnobriv sazogadoebriv msjelobas gamoadgeboda, - daszens igi. sakmaod didi moculobis nasromze cnobili adamianebi musaobdnen: politologi paata zaqareisvili, fsiqologi da konfliqtologi revaz jorbenaze, iuristebi TinaTin xidaseli da konstantine kublasvili, politikosi ivliane xaindrava (respublikeli), arasamtavrobo seqtoris warmomadgenlebi giorgi gogia (saertasoriso krizisuli jgufi), Tengiz SergelaSvili (axalgazrda iuristta asociacia), Jurnalistebi lia toklikisvili da xatuna maisasvili, fond Ria sazogadoeba saqartvelos armasru- Transparency Initiative. Therefore, the government should consider the non-governmental coalition as a serious ally. Irakli Khodeli was elected coalition director at the first meeting of the coalition council in late December. It was also decided to hold a conference dedicated to the Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative in February. DIALOGUE BETWEEN GEORGIANS AND OSSETIANS - BUILDING CONFIDENCE Georgia s life has been full of symbolic coincidences lately. Both the Rose Revolution and the replacement of the government in Ajara occurred on St. George s Day (On November 23 and May 6). Quite unexpectedly, Tskhinvali came up with a peaceful initiative on the day when the office of the Open Society Georgia Foundation hosted discussions on a new concept of the Georgian- Ossetian conflict resolution. For the whole year, peaceful initiatives have come from Tbilisi alone, therefore the move by Tskhinvali shows that the time is ripe for the problem solution. The document based on a deep analysis of the problem and prepared by a working group set up with the OSGF support had been ready by the time. The consideration of the document raised so much interest in participants that the exchange of views and hot debates took quite long. This should not come as a surprise as each citizen is concerned with the problem. Authors Views Mikheil Mirziashvili, the manager of the Integration and Civil Education Program, says the work aimed to put into shape documental, analytical and recommendatory materials gathered in the hands of authors, which would contribute to public discussions on specific topics. Prominent figures were involved in drawing up the multi-page document: Paata Zakareishvili, a political scientist, Revaz Jorbenadze, a psychologist and conflictology expert, Tinatin Khidasheli and Konstantine Kublashvili, lawyers, Ivliane Khaindrava (Republican) a politician, Giorgi Gogia 6

lebeli direqtori, davit dargiasvili da programis menejeri, mixeil mirziasvili, paata zaqareisvili ase ganmartavs mizezs, ramac bizgi misca nasromis Seqmnas: cxinvalsi SarSandeli eskalaciis Semdeg armognda, rom sazogadoebasi ar aris Gamoyalibebuli damokidebuleba qartul-osur konfliqttan mimartebasi da Tu ar ici movlena, Zalian Znelia masze zemoqmedeba. misi TqmiT, fondis xelsewyobit, samusao jgufma Seiswavla situacia da SeimuSava rekomendaciebi, romelic SeiZleba gamoadges rogorc xelisuflebas, aseve samoqalaqo sazogadoebasa da konfliqtis orive mxares. konfliqtis daregulirebis gzebi nasromis didi nawili konfliqtis mizezta da dinamikis Gvenebas ukavia. rogorc avtorebi arnisnaven, mat miznad daisaxes qartul-osuri konfliqtis dinamikisa da gadawyvetisaken mimartuli Zalisxmevis Sesaxeb arsebuli zepiri da werilobiti monacemebis mogroveba da daxarisxeba; dagrovili masalis safuzvelze ki analitikuri suratis Seqmna. dokumentsi konfliqtis daregulirebis samar- Tlebrivi da ekonomikuri aspeqtebia ganxiluli. kerzod, mititebulia, rom mokle vadebsi unda moxdes Sereuli sapolicio da sabajo samsaxurebis organizeba da saqartvelodan devnili da uflebaayrili osi erovnebis moqalaqeebis qonebisa da moqalaqeobis sruli ardgena. arnisnulia, agretve, konfliqtis daregulirebis sakitxebsi evrokavsirsa da ass-tan poziciebis Sejerebis aucilebloba da sxv. gansakutrebuli yuradreba qartul da osur mxareebs Soris ekonomikuri kavsirebis ganvitarebas eniweba. am sakitxze msjelobisas ekonomikuri ganvitarebis ministris moadgilem, Tamar kovzirizem, damswreebs mtavrobis mier SemuSavebuli mcire biznesis xelsewyobis programa warudgina. osuri mxridan interesi namdvilad arsebobs, - arnisna man, Tumca daszina, - mtavaria samartlebrivi sivrcis problemis gadawyveta. amis sapasuxod strategiul gamokvlevata centris warmomadgenelma, natela saxokiam, winadadeba wamoayena ekonomikuri proeqtebi Tavdapirvelad konfliqtis zonis mimdebare regionebsi ganexorcielebinat, magalitad, axalgoris (International Crisis Group), Tengiz Shergelashvili (Young Lawyers Association), representatives of non-governmental organizations, Lia Toklikishvili and Khatuna Maisashvili, journalists, David Darchiashvili, the OSGF executive director and Mikheil Mirziashvili, the program manager. Paata Zakareishvili explains what triggered the creation of the document: the escalation of tension last year showed that the public has not had a consistent approach to the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, at the same time, it is rather difficult to influence developments unless you are aware of them. The group examined with the OSGF help the situation and came up with some recommendations, which the government as well as both conflicting sides may find useful. Conflict Resolution Ways The description of conflict causes and dynamics takes up a big part of the document. As the authors say, they aimed to collect and classify written and oral material on the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, its dynamics and resolution efforts and draw an analytical picture based on the data. The document considers legal and economic aspects of the conflict resolution. In particular, it points out that in a short-term mixed police and customs services are to be set up and that property and citizenship rights of Ossetians who fled the country during the conflict are to be fully restored. The document also states the necessity of involving the EU and the US in the process. Special attention is paid to the development of economic ties between the Georgian and Ossetian sides. While considering the issues, Deputy Economic Development Minister Tamar Kovziridze presented to participants a small busi- 7

raionsi, sadac qartvelebi da osebi bevr sofelsi cxovroben ertad. ndobis ardgena ndobis ardgena aris ert-erti umnisvnelovanesi mimartuleba, romelzec konfliqtis mogvarebis sawyis etapze unda mimdinareobdes musaoba. koncefciis avtorta Rrma rwmenit, Zalisxmeva iqneba ara Tu efeqturi, aramed realuric, Tu qartul-osur urtiertobebsi SemuSavdeba da ganxorcieldeba ndobis Seqmnis strategia. ndobis ardgena usualo urtiertobebs gulisxmobs. mnisvnelovania politikuri liderebis gamonatqvamebi iyos koreqtuli da Zalis demonstrirebaze ar iyos damyarebuli. mnisvnelovania, rom qmedebebi integrirebulad warimartos samtavrobo, arasamtavrobo, masmediisa da ucxouri organizaciebis warmomadgenlebis monawileobit. dokumentsi xazgasmulia, rom ndobis ardgena SeuZlebelia SiSiT da yovlad dausvebelia, samsvidobo iniciativebis raime saxis ultimatumad gamoyeneba. nato-s standartebis misarwevad saqartvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis armsenebloba xelisuflebis ert-erti umtavresi prioritetia. samxedro sferosi mimdinare reformebis miznebia SeiaraRebuli Zalebis brzolisunarianobis amarleba da mati nato- Tan Tavsebadobis uzrunvelyoba. Sesabamisad, didi mnisvneloba eniweba samoqalaqo sazogaodebis mxridan am procesebze kontrolis gawevasac. fond Ria sazogadoeba saqartvelos mier mxardawerili proeqtis - Tavdacvisa da usafrtxoebis sakitxebsi samoqalaqo sabwos Seqmna farglebsi, saqartvelos Tavdacvis saministrosa da parlamentis Tavdacvisa da usisroebis komitetis iniciativita da fridrix ebertis fondis mxardawerit, wels, 25-26 noembers, Gatarda konferencia - saqartvelos Tavdacva 2005. fond Ria sazogadoeba saqartvelos armasrulebeli direqtoris, davit dargiasvilis TqmiT, didi xania, rac aseti formatis RonisZieba saqartvelosi ar mowyobila. es iyo ness contribution program drawn up by the government. She said there was a genuine interest from the Ossetian side, but taking care of legal aspects was paramount. Natela Sakhokia, a representative of the Strategic Research Center, suggested in response implementing economic projects in the first place in the districts near the conflict zone, for instance, the Akhalgori district, where Georgians and Ossetians live together. Confidence Building Confidence building is one of the most important directions, which the initial stage of the conflict resolution efforts should focus on. Confidence building implies direct relationships. Political leaders should make proper and not based on demonstrating force statements. It is important that government, non-government, media and foreign organizations make joint efforts. The concept authors strongly believe the efforts will be not only efficient but also real, provided that a confidence building strategy is developed and implemented in Georgian-Ossetian relationships. Building confidence is impossible when there is fear, and a peaceful initiative must not be used as an ultimatum of any kind, stresses the document. TO REACH NATO STANDARDS The formation of the armed forces is the Georgian government s key priority. Ongoing military reforms are said to aim at increasing the capacity of the armed forces to secure their conformity to NATO standards. Therefore, civilian control over the processes is also attached a significant role. Georgia hosted a conference Georgia Defense 2005 On November 25-26 as part of the OSGFbacked project, Setting up the Civil Council on Defense and Security, by the initiative of the Ministry of Defense of Georgia and the Defense and Security Committee of Parliament. The Friedrich Ebert Foundation, provided assistance in holding the conference. 8

Tavdacvis saministros saqmianobis ertgvari angarisi qartuli sazogadoebisa da saqartvelos saertasoriso partniorebis winase. konferenciis farglebsi warmartuli msjeloba samxedro-samoqalaqo urtiertobebis, saqartvelos nato-tan TanamSromlobisa da Tavdacvis biujetis Taobaze davit dargiasvils Zalzed mnisvnelovnad da sainteresod miagnia. evroatlantikuri integracia konferenciaze mimoixiles saqartvelos Zalisxmeva nato-stan integraciis gzaze. saqartvelos xelisufleba imedovnebs momaval wels nato-stan individualuri partniorobis gegmis (IPAP) warmatebit dasrulebas da Tvlis, rom es ara marto saqartvelos Seuqmnis usafrtxoebis garantiebs, aramed srulyofs evropis usafrtxoebasac. saqartvelo gaxlavt pirveli partniori qveyana, romelsac arnisnuli gegma daumtkicda. 2004 wlis aprilsi saqartvelosa da nato-s marali donis Sexvedraze saqartvelos prezidentma, mixeil saakasvilma, nato-s generalur mdivans, van der sxefers, IPAP-is saprezentacio dokumenti gadasca. 2004 wlis 29 oqtombers ki natos umarlesma organom es gegma daamtkica. Tavdacvis politikis dagegmva da biujetis gamwvirvaloba saqartvelos Tavdacva 2005 -is farglebsi saqartvelos Tavdacvis saministrosa da generaluri Stabis warmomadgenlebma saqartvelos axlad Seqmnili erovnuli samxedro strategia da saqartvelos Tavdacvis politikis prioritetebi mimoixiles. am sakitxebis ufro fartod gacnoba fond Ria sazogadoeba saqartvelos wina biuletensi SegiZliaT. amjerad ki yurad- Rebas Tavdacvis saministros gazrdil biujetze gavamaxvilebt, mit umetes, rom samoqalaqo sazogadoeba dajinebit moitxovs samxedro xarjebis gamwvirvalobas. saqartvelos Tavdacvis saministros mier warmodgenili informaciit, 2006 wlis biujeti 392.5 milion lars Seadgens, rac mtliani Sida produqtis 3%-s udris. mat Soris, ori msxvili muxlia: piradi Semadgenlobis Senaxvis xarjebi - 172.9 milioni, anu mteli dafinansebis 44%, da kapitaluri xarjebi - 136.2 milioni, anu 35%. bolo parametri sxva qveynebsi samxedro seqtoris mteli dafinansebis 20% Seadgens. rogorc saministros eqspertebi arnisnaven, David Darchiashvili, the OSGF executive director, said it was long since the country hosted such a conference. This was a kind of report on the performance of Georgian MoD to the Georgian public and international partners. Darchiashvili says discussions held within the conference on military and public relations, Georgia s cooperation with NATO and the defense budget were rather important and interesting. Euro-Atlantic Integration The conference dealt with Georgia s efforts made to fulfill its aspiration to join NATO. The Georgian government hopes it will successfully complete the Individual Partnership Action Plan (IPAP) next year. The government believes not only will IPAP provide Georgia with security guarantees but also contribute to increasing Europe s security. Georgia has become the first partner country whose IPAP has been approved by NATO. In April 2004, Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili met with NATO Secretary General Jaap de Hoop Scheffer and handed over draft IPAP to him. On October 29, 2004, the North Atlantic Council endorsed Georgia s IPAP. Defense Policy Planning and Budget Transparency As part of Georgia Defense 2005 Georgian MoD and General Staff officials reviewed, Georgia s recently set up national military strategy and Georgia s defense policy priorities. The details are available in the previous issue of the OSGF newsletter. This time we will focus on an increased budget of Georgian MoD, the more so that civil society insists on the transparency of military spending. According to the information presented by Georgian MoD, the MoD budget for the year 2006 is 392.5 million lari, which is 3% of GDP. Of the amount, 172.9 million will cover staff maintenance 9

aseti procentuli Tanafardoba ganpirobebulia im faqtorit, rom 2004 wlamde kapitalur xarjebs aranairi yuradreba ar eqceoda. ar xorcieldeboda Senoba-nagebobebis kapitaluri remonti, sabrzolo teqnikis SeZena da modernizacia. gasul wlebsi sawvrtnel RonisZiebebzec Zalian mcire Tanxebi iyo gatvaliswinebuli. expenses, which accounts for 44% of total funding; 136.2 million will cover capital expenses, which is 35% of total funding. The last parameter accounts for 20% of total funding of the military sector in other states. Commenting on a relatively larger size of military samoqalaqo kontroli biujetis gamwvirvaloba samoqalaqo kontrolis sakitxia. konferenciis monawile arasamtavrobo organizaciebi: axalgazrda iuristta asociacia, Tavisuflebis instituti, kavkasiis msvidobis, demokratiisa da ganvitarebis instituti, saqartvelos strategiuli da saertasoriso kvlevebis fondi da sxvebi gansakutrebul yuradrebas, swored, samoqalaqo demokratiuli kontrolis problemebs aniweben. konferenciis dros gamoikveta rigi problemebi da xarvezebi. samoqalaqo kontroli ar amoiwureba mxolod samoqalaqo ministris postis SemoRebiTa Tu parlamentis Sesabamisi komitetis funqcionirebit, aucilebelia sazogadoebis drouli da adeqvaturi informireba Tavdacvis sferosi mimdinare procesebze, - arnisnavs davit dargiasvili, romelic samxedro-samoqalaqo urtiertobebis eqspertia. Tumca Jurnalistebis urtiertoba saministrostan da sxva Zalovan struqturebtan xsirad gartulebulia. fondi Ria sazogadoeba saqartvelo imedovnebs, rom Tavdacvis sferoze pasuxismgebeli struqturebi momavalsi ufro sistemur yuradrebas dautmoben sazogadoebis winase angarisgebis sakitxebs. Tavis mxriv, irakli mwedlisvili, fondis im proeqtis xelmzrvaneli, romelic Tavdacvisa da usafrtxoebis sakitxebsi samoqalaqo sabwos Seqmnasa da efeqtur funqcionirebas uwyobs xels, Tvlis, rom konferencia mnisvnelovania saqartvelos Tavdacvis saministros da mtlianad qveynis usafrtxoebis sistemis gamwvirvalobisa da qveynis SeiaraRebul Zalebze samoqalaqo kontrolis gazlierebis saqmesi. funding in Georgia compared to other states, the MoD says until 2004 no attention was paid to capital expenses. Buildings were not overhauled and no equipment was bought and updated. Funds available for training in previous years were scarce. Civilian Control The budget transparency is subject to civilian control. The non-governmental organizations that took part in the conference the Young Lawyers Association, the Liberty Institute, the Caucasian Institute of Peace, Democracy and Development, the Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies and so on - paid special attention to the problems of civilian and democratic control. A number of problems and shortcomings were highlighted during the conference. Civilian control does not mean the appointment of a civilian on the post of the minister alone, or the operation of an adequate committee in Parliament, it is also essential that the public be timely and actively informed on ongoing processes in the defense sector, says David Darchiashvili, an expert in military and civil relations. However, it is often rather difficult for journalists to communicate with MoD and other force bodies. 10

policia sazogadoebis samsaxursi saqartvelos xelisufleba im 16 gamarjvebata GamonaTvalSi, romelic vardebis revoluciam moutana qveyanas, policiis reformas asaxelebs da arnisnavs: qartuli policia Gadga xalxis samsaxursi. Tumca didi cvlilebebi ert dresi ver moxdeba. imisatvis, rom sazogadoebasi policiisadmi ndobis marali xarisxi damkvidrdes da cxovrebis usafrtxo garemosi darwmunebulni viyot, kidev bevri ramaa gasaketebeli. am gzaze ki saqartvelosatvis metad sasargebloa sxva qveynebis gamocdileba. wels saqartvelom pirvelad umaspinzla saerta- Soriso konferencias Temaze: policiis reformebi XXI saukunesi: Rirebulebebi, sistemebi da gamowvevebi. konferenciis organizatorebia RiasazogadoebissamarTlebrivi iniciativa (OSJI), fondi Ria sazogadoeba - saqartvelo da saqartvelos Sinagan saqmeta saministro. fond Ria sazogadoeba saqartvelos armasrulebeli direqtori, davit dargiasvili, arnisnavs, rom aseti Sexvedrebi mraval axal SesaZleblobasa da gamocdilebis gaziarebis sasualebas azlevs mis monawileebs. saqartvelosi sazogadoebrivi policiis irgvliv saubari mxolodiwyeba,tumca,zogadad,zalovantada sazogadoebis urtiertoba metad aqtualuri sakitxia. farto da sazriani msjeloba saertasoriso konferenciaze, romelic 6-7 oqtombers Gatarda, ganixileboda rogorc qartul policiasi mimdinare procesebi da gamowvevebi, aseve sxva qveynebis modelebi da faseulobani. RonisZiebaSi ass-s, holandiis, bulgaretis, nigeriisa da sxva qveynebis ucxoeli eqspertebi monawileobdnen. kanonis uzenaesobisa da sajaro administrirebis programis menejeris, Tamar qaldanis, TqmiT, Sexvedris ganmavlobasi gamotqmuli mosazrebebi metad sasargeblo iyo da praqtikul xasiats atarebda. magalitad, GvenTvis saintereso armognda bulgaretis gamocdileba, sadac ramodenime wlis win asetive mdgomareoba iyo, rogoric axla saqartvelosia, OSGF is hopeful the bodies responsible for the defense sector will devote more attention in the future to their accountability to society. Irakli Mchedlishvili, head of OSGF s project, which contributes to setting up and efficient operation of the Civil Council on Defense and Security, says on his part that the conference has greatly contributed to increasing transparency of Georgian MoD and the whole security system as well as to strengthening of civilian control over the armed forces. POLICE AT PUBLIC SERVICE The police reform is one of the sixteen achievements the Georgian government says the Rose Revolution has brought to the country and points out that the Georgian police have been placed at public service. However, sweeping changes will not take place in a day. Georgia has to go a long way to increase public confidence in the police and secure a safe life style. Therefore, the experience of other countries would help Georgia a lot in its endeavors. For the first time this year Georgia has hosted an international conference Policing Reforms in the 21 St Century: Values, Structures and Challenges. The conference was organized by the Open Society Justice Initiative (OSJI), the Open Society Georgia Foundation and the Interior Affairs Ministry of Georgia. David Darchiashvili, the OSGF executive director, says meetings like that offer many new opportunities and provide participants with a chance to 11

- ambobs Tamar qaldani da daszens, - Zalian mnisvnelovani iyo, agretve, saertasoriso arenaze saqartvelos warmogena. policiis reforma saqartvelosi saqartvelos Sinagan saqmeta saministrosi mimdinare cvlilebebi konferenciaze ministris moadgilem, eka tyeselasvilma, mimoixila. man yuradreba gaamaxvila saxelmwifo usisroebis saministros Sinagan saqmeta saministrostan Serwymis da gamoziebisa da dakitxvis manamde arsebuli metodikis Secvlis pozitiur Sedegebze. ministris moadgilem xazi gausva, agretve, axali sapatrulo policiisadmi moqalaqeta mxridan ketilganwyobil damokidebulebas. Gven siamovnebit vmonawileobt aset forumebsi samoqalaqo sazogadoebastan ertad, rata uket SevicnoT, Tu risi gumjobeseba SeiZleba, - ganacxada eka tyeselasvilma. policiaze sazogadoebrivi zedamxedveloba saqartvelos saxalxo damcvelma, sozar subarma, damswreebs sazogadoebrivi monitoringis Sedegebi gaacno. miuxedavad imisa, rom gamovlenili darrvevebis ricxvi mainc Zalian maralia, am darrvevebis simzimem iklo - isini ZiriTadad saproceduro xasiatisaa, - ganacxada man. wina xelisuflebis dros sazedamxedvelo sab- Woebis moqmedeba ar vrceldeboda policiaze. axali saxalxo damcvelis Tanamdebobaze mosvlistanave Sinagan saqmeta saministrostan xeli moewera gagebis memorandums, romlis mixedvitac samoqalaqo sazogadoebis sazedamxedvelo funqciebi mkvetrad gaizarda. momavali wlidan ki samartaldamcavi organoebis 24- saatiani monitoringi ganxorcieldeba. axali kadrebi patrulisatvis da kriminalur policiisatvis axal kadrebs saqartvelos policiis akademia unda zrdides. akademiis direqtoris levan izorias TqmiT, reformireba axali xedvis GamoyalibebiTa da iseti amocanebis dasaxvit daiwyo, rogoricaa: Sefasebis gamwvirvale sistemis danergva; saswavlo processi Tanamedrove metodologiisa da inovaciuri teqnologiebis danergva; share experience. Discussions over the public police have just started in Georgia, but generally, the relationship between the law enforcement forces and the public is a topical issue. Wide and Considered Discussions The international conference held on October 6-7 focused on ongoing processes in the Georgian police and challenges as well as on models and values of other states. Experts from the US, the Netherlands, Bulgaria, Nigeria and other states took part in the conference. Ideas expressed during the meeting were rather useful and practical, says Tamar Kaldani, the manager of the Supremacy of Law and Public Administration Program. For instance, she said that Georgian participants were interested in the experience of Bulgaria, which has already gone through Georgia s current state. The conference was also rather important in terms of presenting Georgia to the international community, she adds. Police Reform in Georgia Ongoing changes in the Ministry of Interior Affairs were reviewed by Deputy Minister Eka Tkeshelashvili. She focused on the merger of the State Security Ministry and the Ministry of Interior Affairs as well as positive results of changing former interrogation practices. The Deputy Minister also highlighted a good image of the petrol police in the public. We enjoy taking part in such forums along with civil society to be better aware of the things we can improve, said Eka Tkeshelashvili. Public Monitoring of the Police Sozar Subari, the Public Defender of Georgia, acquainted conference participants with public monitoring results. Although the number of detected violations is still rather high, their gravity has decreased they are mainly procedural ones, he says. Under the previous government, oversight boards were not allowed in the police. Right after the new Public Defender took up, a memorandum of understanding was signed with the Ministry of Interior Affairs, under which controlling functions of civil society have considerably increased. From next year, law enforcement agencies will be observed for 24 hours. 12

ucxour dawesebulebebtan TanamSromloba saganmanatleblo dargsi. fond Ria sazogadoeba - saqartvelosa da Ria sazogadoebis samartlebrivi iniciativis (OSJI) daxmarebit, policiis akademiasi axali saswavlo programebi musavdeba. OSJI-is budapestis ofisis direqtori, zaza namoraze, Tvlis, rom policia angarisvaldebuli da satanado unar-gvevebit arwurvili unda iyos, rata xeli Seuwyos sazogadoebasi mimdinare demokratiul cvlilebebs. am kutxit kidev erti RonisZiebaa arsanisnavi - 16 dekembers TbilisSi policiis saswavlo modulebis prezentacia moewyo, romlebic Teoriul informaciastan ertad vizualur masalas Seicaven. fond Ria sazogadoeba - saqartvelos xelsewyobit, Targmnili da adaptirebulia Semdegi sami moduli: Zalisa da cecxlsasroli iararis gamoyeneba; dazaralebultan mopyroba; komunikaciis unar-gvevebi. New Personnel New staff members of the patrol and criminal police should be prepared by the Georgian Police Academy. Levan Izoria, the director of the Police Academy, says that reforms started with setting a new vision and goals in three directions: Transparent assessment; Introduction of modern methodology and innovative technologies in the study process; Educational exchange and partnership with other institutions abroad. With the help of OSGF and the Open Society Justice Initiative (OSJI) new curricula have been developed in the Police Academy. Zaza Namoradze, the director of OSJI s Budapest Office, thinks that the police are to be accountable for their actions and equipped with essential skills in order to promote ongoing democratic reforms. TiToeuli moduli Seicavs saxelmzrvaneloebs maswavleblisa da studentisatvis da CD-is. CDze mocemuli masala video-rgolebis, sqemebisa da animaciis saxitaa warmodgenili, rac saswavlo masalis efeqtur atvisebas uwyobs xels. policieltatvis Zalian mnisvnelovania swori komunikaciadamodulebisdanisnulebaamatsi satanado Gvevebis Gamoyalibeba, - arnisnavs kanonis uzenaesobisa da sajaro administrirebis programis menejeri, Tamar qaldani. GanacvlebiTi Terapiis upiratesoba narkomania, danasauli ki ara, mzime senia, romlis gankurnebac SesaZlebelia, magram did drosa da Zalisxmevas sawiroebs. eqspertebi Tvlian, rom, upirveles yovlisa, unda gadaixedos Zveli midgoma, romelic problemis mxolod samartaldamcavi gzit dazlevas gulisxmobda, da SemuSavdes axali, adamianis uflebebis dacvis faseulobebze agebuli narkopolitika da erovnuli strategiuli samoqmedo gegma. To that end, one more move is interesting Tbilisi hosted on December 16 the presentation of police training modules. Along with theoretical learning they include visual materials as well. The following three modules have been translated and adapted: Using force and fire arms; Treating victims; Communication skills. Each module contains teacher and student manuals and CDs. CDs contain video materials, schemes and animations, which help study the material efficiently. Communication skills are rather important to police officers and the aim of the modules is to build the essential skills, says Tamar Kaldani, the manager of the Supremacy of Law and Public Administration Program. 13

swored, aseti midgomis Gamoyalibebas cdilobs fond Ria sazogadoeba - saqartvelos sazogadoebrivi janmrtelobis programa, romlis ert-erti ZiriTadi mimartulebaa narkotikebis arasamedicino moxmarebis Sedegad gamowveuli zianis Semcireba da aiv/sidsis gavrcelebis prevencia. Gven xels vuwyobt am sferosi momusave arasamtavrobo da samedicino organizaciebis saqmianobas, aseve, aqtiurad vtanamsromlobt ucxoel eqspertebtan, - arnisnavs programis koordinatori, lasa zaalisvili. am aqtivobis Sedegad, TbilisSi pirvelad moewyo saer- TaSoriso konferencia narkomaniis problemasa da narkopolitikastan dakavsirebul sakitxebze. pragmatuli erovnuli narkopolitikisaken saertasoriso konferencia - mecniereba, TanagrZnoba da usafrtxoeba: pragmatuli erovnuli narkopolitikisaken, romelic 12-14 oqtombers Gatarda, organizebuli iyo saqartvelos Sromis, janmrtelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros, fond Ria sazogadoeba - saqartvelos da aiv/sidstan, malariasa da tuberkuloztan brzolis globaluri fondis mier. konferencia moewyo zianis Semcirebis ganvitarebis saertasoriso programis, kanadis saertasoriso ganvitarebis saagentos, samxret kavkasiis antinarkotikuli programisa (SCAD) da kavsir alternativa jorjias mxardawerit. konferenciis gaxsnisas misasalmebeli sityvit saqartvelos pirveli ledi, sandra rulovsi, gamovida. konferenciaze qartvel kolegebs gamocdilebas uziarebdnen eqspertebi samxret kavkasiidan da postsabwota sivrcis sxva qveynebidan, ass-dan, kanadidan, didi britanetidan da GexeTidan. tim makgregoris, romelic didi britanetis antinarkotikuli politikis fonds warmoadgenda, moxsenebis Tema iyo motxovnilebisa da zianis Semcireba, rogorc urtiertsevsebadi strategiebi. misi rgevit, qartulma mxarem yuradreba unda gaamaxvilos prevenciul musaobaze, gansakutrebit, axalgazrdebsi. aucilebelia aqcentis gaketeba imaze, Tu ra risksa da zegavlenastanaa dakavsirebuli narkotikebis moxmareba, - Tvlis tim makgregori. ADVANTAGES OF REPLACEMENT THERAPY Drug addiction is not a crime, rather it is a serious disease, which is though curable takes a lot of time and efforts to cure. Experts think that an old approach, which called for the problem solution through law enforcement measures, should be reviewed and a new drug policy and national action strategy developed, which will be consistent with and promote human rights. OSGF s National Public Health Program, one of the key focuses of which is to reduce harm caused by illegal drug use and prevent HIV/AIDS transmission, is trying to develop this very approach. We provide assistance in the endeavor to non-governmental organizations and medical institutions working in the sector, we also actively cooperate with foreign experts, says Lasha Zaalishvili, the program coordinator. The efforts have led to holding in Tbilisi the first international conference on drug policy and drug addiction problems. Towards Pragmatic National Drug Policy An international conference - Science, Compassion and Safety: Towards Pragmatic National Drug Policy - which was held on October 12-14 was arranged by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Social Welfare, the Open Society Georgia Foundation and the Global Fund to Fight HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria. The International Harm Reduction Program, the Canadian International Development Agency, the South Caucasus Anti Drug Program (SCAD) and the union, Alternative Georgia provided assistance in holding the conference. Georgia s first lady Sandra Roelofs made a welcome speech at the opening ceremony. Experts from the South Caucasus and other post Soviet states, as well as the US, Canada, Great Britain and the Czech Republic shared their experience with Georgian colleagues at the conference. Tim McGregor, who represented Great Britain s Drug Policy Foundation, made a speech on demand and harm reduction as compatible strategies. He advises that Georgia should focus on applying preventive measures, especially among young people. To concentrate on risks and influence associated with illegal drug use is essential, says Tim McGregor. 14

isatvis saqartvelosi narkotikebis 24,000 momxmarebeli da matze damokidebuli piria, Tumca, eqspertta varaudit, es ricxvi gacilebit didia da daaxloebit 150,000-240,000-s arwevs. saqartvelosi ki aiv/sidsit dainficirebuli 786 registrirebuli Sem- Txvevidan 64%-ze meti narkotikebis ineqciuri gzit momxmarebelze modis. aiv/sidsis kanadis iuridiuli qselis direqtoris moadgilem, rigard eliotma, dabalansebuli narkopolitikis Sesaxeb isaubra da arnisna, rom is unda gamoixatebodes ara mxolod ritorikasi, aramed asaxva povos realuri qmedebebsa da inicitivebsi. rekomendaciebi mtavrobas konferenciaze arinisna, rom narkotikis moxmarebasa da aiv/sidsis epidemiebs qartvel politikosta gansakutrebuli yuradreba esawiroebat. diskusiebis Sedegad, eqspertebma mtavrobisatvis rekomendaciebi SeimuSaves, kerzod: erovnuli narkopolitikis strategiis SemuSavebis aucilebloba; narkopolikastan dakavsirebuli sakitxebis saministrotasoriso makoordinierebeli organos Seqmna; narkotikebis moxmarebis prevenciis saxelmwifo fondis Seqmna; rogorc kanonmdeblobasi, ise praqtikasi narkotikebis momxmareblisa da gamsareblis gamijvna; xelmisawvdomi mkurnalobis, daxmarebisa da mxardaweris uzrunvelyofa; GanacvlebiTi programebis ganxorcieleba da sxv. According to official statistics, there are 24,000 illegal drug users and addicts in Georgia, however, experts suggest the number is significantly higher and reaches 150,000-240,000. 64% of the 786 HIV/AIDS-infected in Georgia are intravenous drug users. Richard Elliott, the deputy director of the Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network, talked about a balanced drug policy. He pointed out that the balance needs to be not just a matter of rhetoric, but it is to be reflected in the resources that are devoted to harm reduction initiatives. Recommendations to the Government Georgian politicians should pay special attention to illegal drug use and HIV/AIDS epidemics, it was said during the conference. Experts came up with some recommendations for the government as a result of the discussions. In particular, the government should apply the following measures: Develop a national drug policy strategy; Set up an inter-ministerial, coordinating body for drug policy issues; Set up a state drug prevention foundation; Make legal and practical distinction between drug users and drug traffickers; Provide access to treatment and support; Implement a replacement therapy program and so on. Replacement with Methadone metadonit Ganacvleba eqspertebi aucileblad miigneven metadonit Ganacvlebis programis ganxorcielebas da arnisnaven, rom aseti programebi ar unda Semoifarglos mxolod pacientebisatvis medikamentis miwodebit, aramed fartod iqnas gamoyenebuli meoradi prevenciisa da fsiqosocialuri reabilitaciis sasualebebi. metadonit mkurnaloba pirvelad niu-iorksi 1964 wels gamoiyenes. mkurnaloba imdenad efeqturi armognda, rom ramodenime wlis Semdeg ass- Si gagnda Sesabamisi klinikebis qseli. SemdgomSi sxva qveynebsic daiwyes am xangrzlivi moqmedebis sintezuri preparatis gamoyeneba. Experts think it is essential that a methadone treatment program be implemented and say that the program should not be restricted to giving medications to patients alone, and that measures like sec- 15

Gven mivarwiet imas, rom metadonit mkurnaloba saqartvelosi gaxda legaluri, - arnisnavs lasa zaalisvili da daszens, - medicinasi yvelaze meti dakvirveba am preparatzea da bevri qveyana cdilobs mis gamyenebas. sxvadasxva qveyanasi 434,908 pacients Gautarda metadonit mkurnaloba, mat Soris, did britanetsi (128,000 pacienti), italiasi (79,065), germaniasi (65,000), safrangetsi (23,500), holandiasi (12,930). saqartvelosi metadonit Ganacvlebis programis ganxorcielebas narkologiis samecniero-kvleviti instituti Seudga. institutis eqimebi, fond Ria sazagadoeba - saqartvelos daxmarebit, saswavlo vizitit litvasi imyofebodnen. narkomanebs SesaZlebloba ezlevat heroinis aralegaluri moxmarebidan metadonis legalur moxmarebaze gadavidnen. rogorc eqspertebi arnisneven, qugis narkotikebze (heroinze an sxva opioidebze) damokidebuli adamianebi metadonis mirebisas ufro janmrtelebi da daculebi arian imattan SedarebiT, vinc metadons ar irebs. isini ufro isviatad inficirdebian adamianis imunodeficitis virusit (aiv) da nakleb samartaldarrvevebs Gadian. saintereso da sasargeblo informacias metadonis Sesaxeb fond Ria sazagadoeba - saqar- Tvelos xelsewyobit gamocemul brosurasi SegiZliaT gaecnot. paulo freieris GagrulTa pedagogikis» qartuli gamocema fond Ria sazogadoeba - saqartvelos qalta programis iniciativit, 2005 wels qartul enaze itargmna da gamoica cnobili brazilieli filosofosisa da ganmanatleblis, paulo freieris, (1921-1997) wigni GagrulTa pedagogika (Paulo Freire, Pedagogia do Oprimido). es gamocema postsabwota sivrcesi freieris pirveli Targmania. freieris ideebi safuzvlad udevs Tanamedrove pedagogikasi gavrcelebul bevr mimdinareobas, mat Sorisaa ukrainel eqspertta mier Seqmnili programa ganatleba uflebamosilebisatvis (Empowering Education), romelsac fondis qalta programa 2000 wliondary prevention and psychological rehabilitation should also be applied. We have made the treatment with methadone legal in Georgia, says Lasha Zaalishvili and adds: This is the most observed drug and all countries are trying to use it. The methadone treatment was tried first in 1964 in New York. The treatment proved so affective that in a few years a network of clinics using the drug for treatment appeared in the US. Later other states also started using this synthesized drug. In various countries 434,908 patients have been treated with methadone, including Great Britain (128,000 patients), Italy (79,065), Germany (65,000), France (23,500), Holland (12,930). In Georgia, the methadone replacement program has been launched by the Scientific and Research Institute of Narcology. Doctors of the institute visited Lithuania for a study visit with the help of OSGF. Drug addicts are offered a chance to replace illegal heroin by legal methadone. As experts say, addicts to street drugs (heroin or other opioids) are more healthy and protected when they take methadone compared to others who do not take the drug. Methadone takers are infecting with HIV less often and make fewer criminal offences. Interesting and useful information about methadone is available in a leaflet issued with the OSGF assistance. Georgian Publication of PEDAGOGY OF THE OPPRESSED BY PAULO FREIRE By the initiative of the Women s Program of the Open Society Georgia Foundation Pedagogy of the Oppressed (Pedagogia do Oprimido), a book by Paulo Freire (1921-1997), a prominent Brazilian philosopher and educator, was translated in Georgian and published in 2005. This publication is the first translation of Freire s work in post Soviet states. Many movements in modern pedagogy are based on Freire s ideas, including the program developed by Ukrainian experts Empowering Education, which has been implemented by OSGF s Women s 16

dan axorcielebs saqartvelos regionebisa da Tbilisis sasualo skolebsi, - arnisnavs qalta programis koordinatori, marina TabukaSvili. GagrulTa pedagogikasi freieri ayalibebs moswavleze orientirebuli, dialoguri ganatlebis koncefcias. freieristvis amosavali wertilia moswavleta kritikuli cnobierebis ganvitareba da ara codnis meqanikuri gadacema, radgan es ukanaskneli mkvdari procesia da ar emsaxureba ganatlebis umtavres mizans - individis gantavisuflebas. amrigad, dialogi, komunikacia, kritikuli azrovnebis unaris gamomusaveba - ganatlebis freieriseuli, idealuri modelis aucilebeli komponentebia. freieri wers: adamianis cxovreba azrs mxolod komunikaciis mesveobit izens. maswavleblis azrebis avtenturobis dadastureba mxolod moswavleebis azrebis avtenturobas SeuZlia. maswavlebeli moswavleebis magivrad ver ifiqrebs da verc Tavis fiqrs moaxvevs Tavs. avtenturi azrovneba, romelic realobas ukavsirdeba, izolaciasi ver iarsebebs. mas mxolod komunikacia acocxlebs. rogorc qartveli specialistebi arnisnaven, komunikaciistvis Ria mkitxveli am wignsi bevr sainteresos armoagens, da Tundac ar etanxmebodes calkeul mosazrebebs, mistvis es iqneba ertgvari gamowveva, dialogis dasawyisi. wignis Targmani nodar mangxasvils ekutvnis, redaqtireba Tea qitosvilma da davit gabuniam ganaxorcieles, xolo ydis dizaini - marta TabukaSvilma. wigni usasyidlod gavrceldeba umarles saswavleblebsi, bibliotekebsi, saresurso centrebsa da socialur mecnierebebze specializebul institutebsi. Program since 2000 in various secondary schools in Georgia s regions and in Tbilisi, says Marina Kaldani, the program coordinator. In Pedagogy of the Oppressed Freire develops a student-focused concept based on dialogue education. The starting point for Freire is the development of critical thinking in students not the mechanical transmission of knowledge to them, which the author says is as a dead process and does not serve the primary goal of education liberating an individual. Therefore, dialogue, communication, development of critical thinking skills are essential components of Freire s ideal model. Freire writes: A person s life acquires sense only through communication. The authenticity of teacher s ideas may be confirmed by authenticity of students ideas alone. The teacher cannot think instead of students, nor will he be able to thrust his ideas on them. Authentic thinking, which is related to reality, cannot exist in isolation. Only communication can make it alive. The reader open to communication will find many interesting things in the book. Although he/she may disagree with some ideas, it will be a kind of challenge to him/her, or the start of dialogue, Georgian experts say. The book was translated by Nodar Manchkhashvili, and edited by Tea Kitoshvili and David Gabunia. The book cover was designed by Martha Tabukashvili. The book will be distributed free of charge in higher educational institutions, libraries, resource centers and institutes focusing on social sciences. LET S HELP ECOMIGRANTS Many households in Georgia facing a permanent threat of floods, landslides, avalanches and earthquakes have been forced to leave their homes and have turned into ecomigrants. According to the State Geology Department, around 3,000 inhabited places in Georgia (4 million hectares) are in natural disaster zones. Mountain regions are especially dangerous Ajara, Racha- Lechkhumi and Svaneti. 17

davexmarot ekomigrantebs! wyaldidoba, mewyeri, zvavi, miwiszvra - am mudmivi safrtxeebis gamo saqartvelosi bevri ojaxi gaxda izulebuli daetovebina msobliuri adgilebi da ekomigrantad qceuliyo. saxelmwifo geologiis depatamentis monacemebit, saqartvelosi daaxloebit 3,000 dasaxlebuli teritoriaa stiqiurad sasis zonasi moqceuli, rac 4 milion heqtars moicavs. gansakutrebit sasisi mdgomareobaa mtis regionebsi - awarasi, rawa-legxumsa da svanetsi. amitomac fondma Ria sazogadoeba - saqartvelom gadawyvita ekologiuri migraciebis problemebze msjeloba awarasi moewyo. fondis xel- SewyobiT, 8-9 dekembers Gatarda samecnieropraqtikuli konferencia Temaze - stiqia da ekomigrantebi awarasi. eqspertebma warmoadgines moxsenebebi iset aqtualur sakitxebze, rogoricaa: stiqiuri movlenebi awarasi: Sedegebi da profilaqtikis gzebi (tariel tuskia); ekologiuri katastrofis prevencia da krizisuli situaciebis martvis ekonomikuri berketebi (niko orvelasvili); ekologiuri migraciebi: prognozireba da perspeqtivebi (Tamaz futkaraze); TviTmmarTvelobis problemebi da misi roli forsmajorul situaciebsi (davit losaberize); awaris bunebrivi resursebi da mati kapitalizaciis gzebi (aleqsandretvalwrelize) da sxv. That is why the Open Society Georgia Foundation decided to hold discussions on ecological migration problems in Ajara. On December 8-9, Ajara hosted a scientific and practical conference - Natural Disasters and Ecomigrants in Ajara. Experts presented reports on such topical issues as: Natural disasters in Ajara: results and preventive measures (Tariel Tuskia); Natural disaster prevention and economic leverage of crisis management (Niko Orvelashvili); Ecological migration: forecasts and prospects (Tamaz Putkaradze); Local government problems and its role in a state of emergency (David Losaberidze); Ajara s natural resources and ways of their capitalization (Alexandre Tvalchrelidze) and so on. David Darchiashvili, the OSGF executive director, says participants came up with many interesting ideas and signed a declaration on setting up a commission. The commission will permanently work with ecomigrants and decide which steps should be taken. Darchiashvili stresses the necessity of improving social and economic conditions of the people. OSGF has already helped most needy households. Although the foundation is not a humanitarian organization the picture was so grave we decided to make our contribution to improving poor living conditions of ecomigrants, says David Darchiashvili and adds: The whole public should join efforts in this direction. fond Ria sazogadoeba - saqartvelos armasrulebeli direqtori, davit dargiasvili, arnisnavs, rom konferenciaze bevri sayuradrebo mosazreba gamoitqva da xelmoweril iqna deklaracia komisiis Seqmnis Taobaze, romelic permanentulad imusavebs ekomigrantebtan da sawiro qmedebebs gansazrvravs. igi xazs usvams am xalxis socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis aucileblobas. fondma Ria sazogadoeba - saqartvelom ukve gauwia daxmareba yvelaze ufro dazaralebul ojaxebs. fondi ar aris humanitaruli organizacia, magram foni imdenad mzime iyo, rom gadavwyvitet Gveni wvlili Segvetana ekomi- 18

grantebis mdgomareobis SemsubuqebaSi, - ambobs davit dargiasvili da daszens, - sawiroa mteli sazogadoebis darazmva am mimartulebit. eqspertebis monacemebit, awaris mtianetidan 1981-1991 wlebsi saqartvelos sxvadasxva kutxesi gansaxlebuli mosaxleobis ricxvi orjer da zogan samjer aremateba am raionebis drevandel mcxovrebta raodenobas. magalitad, xulos raionsi daaxloebit 34,000 mosaxlea, roca gansaxlebul iqna - 70,000-75,000. saqartvelos ekonomikuri ganvitarebis saministros TanamSromeli, urbanisti nino joxaze, arnisnavs stiqiuri movlenebis gaaqtiurebas bolo 15 wlis manzilze. am movlenebs gansakutrebit Seuwyo xeli qveynis mzime socialur-ekonomikurma mdgomareobam, tyis aqtiurma Gexvam, napirsamagri samusaoebis mimdinareobis SeGerebam da prevenciuli gegmebis ararsebobam, - arnisnavs igi. Gven ar giambet Tavad ekomigrantebis istoriebi, radgan GavTvaleT, rom sityvebze ufro Zlierad mat problemebs fotosuratebi warmoagens, romlebic, konferenciis farglebsi, fotokonkursze - me - ekomigranti iyo warmodgenili. According to experts, the number of people that left Ajara mountains in 1981-1991 to live in other places of Georgia is double and even triple the number of people currently living there. For instance, the Khulo district has a population of 34,000, while the number of people that have abandoned the place is 70,000-75,000. Nino Jokhadze, an urbanist and employee of the Economic Development Ministry of Georgia, says the number of natural disasters has increased for the past 15 years. The poor social and economic conditions in the country, illegal felling, the suspension of preventive measures and absence of prevention plans, have contributed to increasing the number, she says. We will not tell you stories about ecomigrants as we think that photos rather than words would tell you better about them. As part of the conference, the pictures were presented at the photo competition, I Ecomigrant. 19

Gveno Zvirfaso mkitxvelebo! wels pirvelad vecadet fond Ria sazogadoeba - saqartvelos mravalferovani saqmianoba axal formatsi warmogvedgina. imedia, dagainteresat fondis biuletenebma da momaval welsac gaecnobit mat. am biuletenis bolo Tema ekomigrantebs miezrvna, romeltac fondma gauwia daxmareba. amastan, 29 dekembers fondma Tavis ofissi, TbilisSi gansakutrebuli Sexvedra mouwyo mzrunvelobamoklebul bavsvebs. Gven SevecadeT gagvemxiarulebina da gagvexalisebina isini. bavsvebma imreres, imxiarules, Tavisi cxovrebis Sesaxebac gvesaubrnen da darigebuli saguqrebitac gaixares. am bavsvebtan ertad, Gveni qveynis momaval Taobasa da sruliad saqartvelos vusurvebt ketildreobas, winsvlasa da warmatebas Ria sazogadoebis armseneblobis gzaze. DEAR READER! For the first time this year, we have tried to tell you about various activities of the Open Society Georgia Foundation in a new format. We hope you enjoy reading OSGF newsletters and will further do so next year. The last topic in our newsletter is about Ajarian ecomigrants who have been helped by OSGF. Moreover, OSGF hosted a special meeting in Tbilisi office on December 29 th with the children left without parental care. We tried to cheer them up and make them happy. The children on their part sang us songs, danced, told us their stories, and received presents. We wish you, our future generation and whole Georgia prosperity, progress and success on the way to building open society. 20

biuleteni momzadebulia sainformacio saagento `sarke~-s mier. www.sarke.com - saqmiani informacia 1992 wlidan. Newsletter was produced by Sarke Information Agency. www.sarke.com - business information since 1992.