Summer Greek. Lesson 10 Vocabulary. Greek Verbs. Greek Verbs. Greek Verbs: Conjugating. Greek Verbs: Conjugating. Croy Lesson 10

A Lesson 10 Vocabulary Summer Greek Croy Lesson 10 Ω ἄγω αἴρω ἀναβαίνω ἀπέρχοµαι ἀποθνῄσκω ἀποκτείνω καταβαίνω µέλλω ὀφείλω συνάγω ἀπόστολος, ὁ ἱερόν, τό παρά (G,D,A) (+ gen.) from; (+ dat.) beside, with, among; (+ acc.) by, along ὑπέρ (G,A) (+ gen.) in behalf of; (+ acc.) above (hyperactive) TENSE => KIND of action CONTINUING (ongoing, linear) COMPLETED (with result or ongoing effect) SIMPLE (affirmation of action w/out regard to duration or completion) and TIME of action Past Concurrent Future using the verb λύω TENSE => Kind of action and time of action PRESENT: I am loosening, I loosen FUTURE: I will be loosening, I will loosen IMPERFECT: I was loosening AORIST: I loosened PERFECT: I have loosened PLUPERFECT: I had loosened KIND of action: Continuing, Completed, Simple TIME of action: Past, Concurrent, Future : Conjugating PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE : Conjugating PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE 1 st I am loosening, I loosen 2 nd you are loosening, you loosen 3 rd he/she/it is loosening he/she/it loosens we are loosening, we loosen you (y all) are loosening, you loosen they are loosening, they loosen 1 st λύω λύοµεν 2 nd λύεις λύετε 3 rd λύει λύουσι(ν) 1

PRIMARY ACTIVE ENDINGS PRIMARY MIDDLE/PASSIVE ENDINGS 1 st - ω* - µεν 2 nd - εις* - τε 3 rd - ει* - σι(ν) *shown with combined theme vowel 1 st λύοµαι λυόµεθα 2 nd λύῃ λύεσθε 3 rd λύεται λύονται PRIMARY MIDDLE/PASSIVE ENDINGS : Conjugating IMPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE English: Past Progressive Continuing/linear/progressive action in the past 1 st - µαι - µεθα 2 nd - σαι / ῃ - σθε 3 rd - ται - νται 1 st I was loosening we were loosening 2 nd you were loosening you (y all) were loosening 3 rd he/she/it was loosening they were loosening PRIMARY ACTIVE PRIMARY MIDDLE/PASSIVE - ω* - µεν - εις* - τε - ει* - σι(ν) - µαι - µεθα - σαι / ῃ - σθε - ται - νται SECONDARY ACTIVE SECONDARY MIDDLE/PASSIVE -ν - µεν -ς - τε CONTEXT - (ν) - ν / σαν Following α or ο Following ε or ι 2

Greek Verb Formation Greek Verb Formation Augment always accompanied by SECONDARY endings Augment always indicates past time Augment always indicates INDICATIVE mood PRES ACT -- STEM -- o/ε PrimAct PRES MPD -- STEM -- o/ε PrimMP IMPF ACT ἐ STEM -- o/ε SecAct Greek Verb Formation 1 st PRES ACT -- λυ -- o μεν PRES MPD -- λυ -- o μεθα IMPF ACT ἐ λυ -- o μεν - ω* - µεν - εις* - τε - ει* - σι(ν) -ν - µεν -ς - τε - (ν) - ν / σαν - µαι - µεθα - σαι / ῃ - σθε - ται - νται MEMORIZE THIS! SECONDARY ACTIVE ENDINGS 1 st - ν - µεν 2 nd - ς - τε 3 rd - (ν) - ν / σαν ΙΜPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE ἐ STEM -- o/ε SecAct 1 st ἔλυον ἐλύοµεν 2 nd ἔλυες ἐλύετε 3 rd ἔλυε(ν) ἔλυον You will always see the Secondary endings with an Augment How will I know if it is 1S or 3P???? CONTEXT! How will I remember 1S/3P or 3S? Think hεand shε 3

PRESENT ACTIVE INFINITIVE to be loosening λύ-ειν > λύειν Augments But διδασκαλε, what about a verb like εὑρίσκω? What if a verb already starts with an epsilon or some other vowel? PRESENT ΜID/PASS/DEP INFINITIVE to be loosening myself / to keep on being loosened λύ-ε-σθαι > λύεσθαι NO IMPERFECT INFINITIVE! PRES ἀγω ἀκούω ἐγείρω ὀφειλω αἴρω εὑρίσκω ε + α = η Augments IMPF ἦγον ἤκουον ἤγειρον ὤφειλον ᾖρον ηὕρισκον >> that is, lengthen the vowel >> Note: Short iota > long iota ε + ε = η ε + ο = ω ε + ι = ι Augments Compound Verbs ἀποθνῃσκω >> ἀπο θνῃσκω ἀπεθνῃσκον ἀποκτεινω >> ἀπο κτεινω ἀπεκτεινον καταβαινω >> κατα βαινω κατεβαινον Augments - Ιrregulars ἔχω θέλω µέλλω εἶχον ἔθελον or ἠθελον ἔµελλον or ἠµελλον SECONDARY ACTIVE ENDINGS 1 st - ν - µεν 2 nd - ς - τε 3 rd - (ν) - ν / σαν You will always see the Secondary endings with an Augment 4

ΙΜPERFECT INDICATIVE of εἰμι Croy 10 - Exercises Do even sentences of Practice and Review Do #s 1 and 10 of NT 1 st ἤµην ἦµεν 2 nd ἦς ἦτε 3 rd ἦν ἦσαν 5