Εργαστήριο Μικροβιολογίας Λοιμώξεις: Ανώτερου Αναπνευστικού. Χρώση Gram Ιωάννης Ρούτσιας, MD, PhD Επικουρος καθηγητης Μικροβιολογίας/Ανοσολογίας
Αμυντικοί μηχανισμοί TORTORA FUNKE του αναπνευστικού CASE Microbiology AN INTRODUCTION EIGHTH EDITION B.E Pruitt & Jane J. Stein PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case
Αιτιολογικοί παράγοντες Λαρυγγίτιδα (Laryngitis): Viruses: Influenza (37%), Rhinovirus (25%), Adenovirus n(5%), Parainfluenza, Coxsackie A Φαρυγγίτιδα (Pharyngitis): Streptococcus pyogenes, Bordetella pertussis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Viruses Αμυγδαλίτιδα (Tonsillitis): Streptococcus pyogenes, Viruses Παραρρινοκολπίτιδα (Sinusitis): Bacteria: S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, anaerobes, Viruses Επιγλωττιτίδα (Epiglottitis): H. influenzae
Ιοί Rhinovirus Κοινό κρυολόγημα (ΡΦ) (20%) Coronavirus - Κοινό κρυολόγημα (ΡΦ) (>5%) Adenovirus- εμπύρετη ΡΦ, ΦΕ, ARD (~5%) Herpes simplex virus 1,2 - ουλοστοματίτιδα,φα με εξελκώσεις(~4%) Parainfluezavirus (τύποι1-4) Κοινό κρυολόγημα ΡΦ, λαρυγγίτιδα (2%) Influenza virus A,B - γρίπη(2%) CoxsakieA virus- Ερπητική κυνάγχη (ΦΑ,ΡΦ)(<1%) RSV - ΡΦ Ιός παρωτίτιδας - παρωτίτιδα(φα,ρφ) Epstein-Barr virus Λοιμώδης μονοπυρήνωση (Φ, ΡΦ) (<1%) Cytomegalovirus - CMV Λοιμώδη μονοπυρήνωση(ρφ,φ), (<1%) HIV 1-HIV πρωτολοίμωξη (Φ και λεμφαδενοπάθεια), (<1%) Human metapneumovirus (hmpv)-φ, ΟΜΩ,στοματίτιδα
Αγνώστουαιτιολογίας(~30%) Αφθώδηςστοματίτιδα(ελκώδηουλίτιδα,Φ) ΣύνδρομοBehcet s(φμεεξελκώσεις) ΝόσοςKawasaki(Φ, επιπεφυκίτιδα) ΣύνδρομοSteven-Johnson(Φ, στοματίτιδα, εξελκώσεις)
TORTORA FUNKE CASE Microbiology AN INTRODUCTION EIGHTH EDITION B.E Pruitt & Jane J. Stein PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case
TORTORA FUNKE CASE Microbiology AN INTRODUCTION EIGHTH EDITION B.E Pruitt & Jane J. Stein PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case
TORTORA FUNKE CASE Microbiology AN INTRODUCTION EIGHTH EDITION B.E Pruitt & Jane J. Stein PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case
Ανώτερο Αναπνευστικό Figure 24.1
Ιγμορίτιδα 1. Ηθμοειδείς κυψέλες 7. Ιγμόρεια 4. Μετωπιαίος κόλπος. Σφηνοειδής κόλπος
Microbiology Ιγμορίτιδα S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae cause 70% of sinusitis Anaerobes, S. aureus and M.catarrhalis cause most of remaining 30%
Streptococcal pharyngitis (Strep throat) Streptococcus pyogenes: Ερυθρογόνες τοξίνες Στρεπτολυσίνες Στρεπτοκινάση DNAση Υαλουρονιδάση Figure 24.3
Group A Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus
Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus pneumoniae A: Bacitracin P: optochin
Streptococcus agalctiae Streptococcus viridans A: Bacitracin P: optochin
Diphtheria Corynebacterium diphtheriae: Gram-positive rod Diphtheria membrane of fibrin, dead tissue, and bacteria Diphtheria toxin produced by lysogenized C. diphtheriae Prevented by DTP (Diphtheria toxoid + Tetanus + Bordetella Pertussis)
I. Organism -G+, club shaped, pleomorphic, aerobic rod
I. Organism -G+, club shaped, pleomorphic, aerobic rod -reduce potassium tellurite to tellurium metal - black ppt. on tellurite blood agar
Anatomy of the Ear 1 Tympanic Membrane 2 Maleus Incus Stapes 3 Semicircular canals 4 Cochlea 5 Cochlear Nerve 6 Oval Window 7 Eustachian Tube 8 Orifice 9 Round Window10 Middle Ear Cavity
Ear infections tympanic membrane Otitis externa Otitis media Exogenous organisms via external auditory canal Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus Endogenous organisms via eustachian tube S. pneumoniae, H. influenza
Otitis Media Epidemiology and Pathophysiology: age - almost all children have one or more episodes before age 6 about 10% of children develop OM by age 3 months peak incidence between ages 6 and 15 months
Otitis Media Microbiology (OM) Streptococcus pneumoniae 35% Haemophilus Influenzae 23% Moraxella catarrhalis 14% Alpha-hemolytic streptlococci 3% GAB-hemolytic streptococci 3% Staphylococcus aureus 1% Psuedomonas aeruginosa 1% Treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics Incidence of S. pneumoniae reduced by vaccine
Otits Media Microbiology (COM) Haemophilus influenzae 15% Moraxella catarrhalis 10% Streptococcus pneumoniae 7% Alpha-hemolytic streptococci 3% Staphylococcus aureus 3% Pseudomonas artuginosa 2% GAB hemolytic streptococci 1%
Otitis Media Inflamation of the middle ear Acute Otitis Media (AOM) - rapid onset of redness and bulging of the tympanic membrane, decreased mobility, pain, perforation with otorrhea
Otitis Media Figure 25.7
Microbiology (OM) Otitis Externa Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus gram-negative organisms Candida Aspergillus Treatment - oral antibiotics NO! - topical broad spectrum
AOE: Mild to Moderate Stage Progressive infection Symptoms Pain Increased pruritus Signs Erythema Increasing edema Canal debris, discharge
Otitis Externa
Otomycosis: Signs Canal erythema Mild edema White, gray or black fungal debris
Otomycosis
The end