Probiotic products, Historical Background and Development in Future

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1 : Probiotic products, Historical Background and Development in Future Yoshinori UMESAKI* *Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research Abstract Probiotic products are currently often encountered in our daily life as well as the term Probotics. The prevalence of probiotic products is not confined to Japan but extends throughout the world due to individuals interest in health based on scientific information. At this point, I would like to look back at the historical background behind the prevalence and globalization of probiotic products, including their concept and the alteration of the definition of probiotics, and think about the scientific aspects of probiotics on the way to biomedical development, starting from the improvement of intestinal disorders by feeding fermented milk and yogurt or bacterial preparation as supplements. Finally, I would like to consider the future of probiotics in relation to the regulation of health claims about probiotic products, which will affect the direction of development of probiotics. Key words : probiotic products ; historical background ; health claim ; medical application Yaho, Kunitachi shi, Tokyo , Japan 1970

2 L. bulgaricus 1930 Lactobacillus casei YIT9029 for life Fuller WHO/FAO 2 3 Lactobacillus casei L. casei 4 PCR 5 2.

3 ph L. casei TNO Tissier B. longum BB536 L. acidophilus 1978 B. longum BB536 B. breve B. bifidum L. acidophilus C. difficle Table Clostridium Bacteroides 12

4 Table 1. Transit ph NK IBS IBS I IBD / II Well-being IBS Histone Deacetylase IBD UC CD IL-2 IL-10 UC SAMP1/Yit 14 IBD IBD

5 UC IBD IBD IBD 16 IBD IL-10 Lactococcus lactis CD4 T Th1 Th Th17TTreg T T 18 IgE Th2 IFN-γ Th1 Th2 B. longum BB536 Th1/Th2 19 Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Lancet 20 IBD Th IBS IBS IBS Rome II Rome III 22IBS IBS IBD L. acidophilus 23

6 SIRS H. pylori H. pylori Lactbacillus gasseri OLL Fuller SCFA SIRS 6. EU 2006 EU

7 163 GRAS Generally Recognized as Safe Substances FDA 25 1 Fuller R Probiotics in man and animals. J Appl Bacteriol. 66 : Joint FAO/WHO Working Group Report on Drafting Guidelines for the Evaluation of Probiotics in Food, 2002, London, Ontario. 3 Guarner F, Schaafsma GJ Probiotics, Int J Food Microbiol 39 : L. acidophilus strain Shirota21 : Fujimoto J, Matsuki T, Sasamoto M, Tomii Y, Watanabe K Identification and quantification of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota in human feces with strain-specific primers derived from randomly amplified polymorphic DNA. Int J Food Microbiol 126 : Hangate RE, 1969, Methods in Microbiology. p.117. Academic Press. New York. 8 Spanhaak S, Havenaar R, Schaafsma G The effect of consumption of milk fermented by Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on the intestinal microflora and immune parameters in humans. Eur J Clin Nutr 52 : Benno Y, Sawada K, Mitsuoka T The intestinal microflora of infants: composition of fecal flora in breastfed and bottle-fed infants. Microbiol Immunol 28 : Mastromarino A, Reddy BS, Wynder EL Metabolic epidemiology of colon cancer: enzymic activity of fecal flora. Am J Clin Nutr 29 : Wu S, Rhee KJ, Albesiano E, Rabizadeh S, Wu X, Yen HR, Huso DL, Brancati FL, Wick E, McAllister F, Housseau F, Pardoll DM, Sears CL A human colonic commensal promotes colon tumorigenesis via activation of T helper type 17 T cell responses. Nat Med 15 : Garcea RL, Alberts BM Comparative studies of histone acetylation in nucleosomes, nuclei, and intact cells. Evidence for special factors which modify acetylase action. J Biol Chem 255 : Matsumoto S, Okabe Y, Setoyama H, Takayama K, Ohtsuka J, Funahashi H, Imaoka A, Okada Y, Umesaki Y Inflammatory bowel disease-like enteritis and caecitis in a senescence accelerated mouse P1/Yit strain. Gut 43 : Gionchetti P, Rizzello F, Venturi A, Brigidi P, Matteuzzi D, Bazzocchi G, Poggioli G, Miglioli M, Campieri M Oral bacteriotherapy as maintenance treatment in patients with chronic pouchitis: a double-blind, placebocontrolled trial. Gastroenterology 119 : C, Yan F, Polk DB Mechanisms of probiotic action: Implications for therapeutic applications in inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis 14 : Bermúdez-Humarán LG Lactococcus lactis as a live vector for mucosal delivery of therapeutic proteins. Hum Vaccin 5 : Ng S, Hart A, Kamm M, Stagg A, Knight S Mechanisms of action of probiotics: Recent advances. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 15 : Xiao JZ, Kondo S, Yanagisawa N, Takahashi N, Odamaki T, Iwabuchi N, Iwatsuki K, Kokubo S, Togashi H, Enomoto K, Enomoto T Effect of probiotic Bifidobacterium longum BB536 in relieving clinical symptoms and modulating plasma cytokine levels of Japanese cedar pollinosis during the pollen season. A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 16 : Kalliomäki M, Salminen S, Poussa T, Arvilommi H, Isolauri E Probiotics and prevention of atopic disease: 4-year follow-up of a randomised placebo-controlled

8 trial. Lancet 361 : Ivanov II, Atarashi K, Manel N, Brodie EL, Shima T, Karaoz U, Wei D, Goldfarb KC, Santee CA, Lynch SV, Tanoue T, Imaoka A, Itoh K, Takeda K, Umesaki Y, Honda K, Littman DR Induction of intestinal Th17 cells by segmented filamentous bacteria. Cell 139 : Rome III 64 : Rousseaux C, Thuru X, Gelot A, Barnich N, Neut C, Dubuquoy L, Dubuquoy C, Merour E, Geboes K, Chamaillard M, Ouwehand A, Leyer G, Carcano D, Colombel JF, Ardid D, Desreumaux P Lactobacillus acidophilus modulates intestinal pain and induces opioid and cannabinoid receptors. Nat Med 13 : Tamura A, Kumai H, Nakamichi N, Sugiyama T, Deguchi R, Takagi A, Koga Y Suppression of Helicobacter pylori-induced interleukin-8 production in vitro and within the gastric mucosa by a live Lactobacillus strain. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 21 : :

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