Fifty years of amphioxus study in China

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1 Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences Vol. 20, No. 1 Feb., (2008) , , Q A Fifty years of amphioxus study in China ZHANG Shi-cui*, GUO Bin, LIANG Yu-jun (Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao , China) Abstract: Amphioxus is becoming an emerging model organism for insights into the origin and evolution of vertebrates. A great progress has been made in the study of amphioxus biology in China in the past 5 decades, and this has been dealt with in the present review. Key words: amphioxus; development; evolution; immunity 2001 The development of isolated blastomeres of amphioxus [1] 50 1 Wilson /2 1/4 1/ Conklin [2] Wilson 2-1/2 4-2/4 2/4 4-1/4 2- Wilson Conklin Tung Wilson Conklin [1,3-5] ( 1) 8-2/ (2004BS06017) sczhang@ouc.edu.cn

2 endo: ep: m: n: ch: 1/3 32- an 1 an 2 an 2 veg 1 veg 1 veg 2 veg 2 veg 1 veg 2 veg 2 veg 2 veg 1 veg 1 an 1 veg 2 an 1 +veg 2 [3,4] Conklin [2] [6] [7] Zhang [8] Ca Hox Zhang [9] Brachyury Li [10] ApoD hedgehog TCTP p23 som mdp GABARAPL2 [11-16] 2 (Hatschek s pit)

3 66 [17] Chang [18] (LH) (FSH) [19] (GnRH-A) [20] - β- (hlhβ) (hcg) [21] (GTH) [22] [23] Sephadex G-25 (LHRH) LHRH LHRH LHRH LHRH [24] LHRH [25] ( 2) 2 (vitellogenin, Vg) (alanine aminotransferase, AAT) (antithrombin, AT) (plasminogen, Pg) Vg Vg Vg [26] AAT AT Pg Pg AAT AT Pg [27-29] S- (glutathione S-transferase, GST) [30] GST GST GST GST 4 Metchnikoff 1892

4 50 67 Zhang [31] Wang [32] [32-34] [35] Mg 2+ C3 C3 C3 B (factor B, Bf) (annose-binding lectin-associated serine proteases) (acute phase response) (acute phase proteins, APPs) AT AAT [27,29] AT AAT AT AAT AT AAT V (Ig V region-containing chitin-binding proteins, VCBPs) [36] VCBPs 5 MHC (anchor genes) MHC MHC MHC [37] V(D)J RAG1 [38,39] V C (V and C domain-bearing protein, VCP) Huang [40] [1] Tung TC, Wu SC, Tung YYF. The development of isolated blastomeres of amphioxus. Sci Sin, 1958, 7(12): [2] Conklin EG. The development of isolated and partially separated blastomeres of amphioxus. J Exp Zool,1932, 64(2): [3] Tung TC, Wu SC, Tung YYF. The developmental potencies of the blastomere layers in amphioxus egges at the 32-cell stage. Sci. Sin, 1959, 9: [4] Tung TC, Wu SC, Tung YYF. Rotation of the animal blastomeres in amphioxus eggs at the 8-cell stage. Sci Record New Ser. 1960, 4: [5] Tung TC, Wu SC, Tung YYF. The presumptive area of the egg of amphioxus. Sci Sin, 1963, 11: [6] Tung TC, Wu SC, Tung YYF. Experimental studies on the neural induction in amphioxus. Acta Biol Exp Sin, 1961, 7: [7] Tung TC, Wu SC, Tung YYF. Differentiation of the pro-

5 68 spective ectodermal and endodermal cells after transplantation to the new surroundings in amphioxus. Sci Sin, 1965, 14: [8] Zhang SC, Zheng JS, Zhang HW, et al. Induction of ectodermal cells from vegetal-endodermal blastomers of amphioxus (Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense) embryos by the calcium ionophore A Chn J Oceanol Limnol, 1999, 17: [9] Zhang SC, Holland ND, Holland LZ. Topographic changes in nascent and early mesoderm in amphioxus embryos studied by DiI labeling and by in situ hybridization for a Brachyury gene. Dev Gene Evol, 1997, 206(8): [10] Li GR, Zhang SC. Phenoloxidase, a marker enzyme for differentiation of the neural ectoderm and the epidermal ectoderm during embryonic development of amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense. Mech Dev, 2000, 96 (1): [11] Chen Z, Zhang H, Yang H, et al. The expression of AmphiTCTP, a TCTP orthologous gene in amphioxus related to the development of notochord and somites. Biochem Mol Biol, 2007, 147(3): [12] Zhao B, Zhang S, Wang Y, et al. Characterization and expression of p23 gene in the amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol, 2006, 145(1): 10-5 [13] Wang L, Zhang S, Liu Z, et al. Characterization and expression of amphioxus ApoD gene encoding an archetype of vertebrate ApoD proteins. Cell Biol Int, 2007, 31(1): [14] Li X, Zhang W, Chen D, et al. Expression of a novel somiteformation-related gene, AmphiSom, during amphioxus development. Dev Gene Evol, 2006, 216(1): 52-5 [15] Lin Y, Liang K, Zhang Y, et al. The expression of AmphiMdp during amphioxus early development. Gene Exp Patterns, 2004, 5(2): [16] Liang K, Lin Y, Zhang Y, et al. Developmental expression of amphioxus GABAA receptor-associated protein-like 2 gene. Dev Gene Evol, 2004, 214(7): [17] Tjoy LT, Welsch U. Electron microscopical observations on Kolliker s and Hatschek s pit on the wheel organ in the head region of amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum). Cell Tissue Res, 1974, 153(3): [18] Chang CY, Liu YH, Zhu HH. The sex steroid hormones and their functional regulation in amphioxus (Branchiostoma belcheri Gray) [M]. Proc 9 th Internat Symp Comp Endocrinol, 1981, 9 [19].., 1998, 43(3): [20],.., 1984, 17: [21],,. (LH)., 1982, 27(15): [22].., 1993, 38(9): [23],. LH-RH., 1989, 35(3): [24],,. (LH-RH). (B), 1990, 20(5): [25].., 1982, 28(3): [26] Han L, Zhang SC, Wang YJ, et al. Imunohistochemical localization of vitellogenin in the hepatic diverticulum of the amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense, with implications of the origin of the liver. Invert Biol, 2006, 125(2): [27] Liang YJ, Zhang SC, Limin Lun, et al. Presence and localization of antithrombin and its regulation after acute lipopolyssacharide exposure in amphioxus, with implications for the origin of vertebrate liver. Cell Tissue Res, 2006, 323(3): [28] Liang YJ, Zhang SC. Demonstration of plasminogen-like protein in amphioxus with implications of the origin of vertebrate liver. Acta Zool (Stockholm), 2006, 87(2): [29] Lun LM, Zhang SC, Liang YJ. Alanine aminotransferase in amphioxus: presence, localization and up-regulation after acute lipopolysaccharide exposure. J Biochem Mol Biol, 2006, 39(5): [30] Fan CX, Zhang SC, Liu ZH, et al. Identification and expression of a novel class of glutathione-s-transferase from amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri with implications to the origin of vertebrate liver. Intern J Biochem Cell Biol, 2007, 39(2): [31] Zhang HW. Granulocytes and macrophages in amphioxus. Zool Sci, 1992, 9(1): [32] Wang CF, Zhang SC, Luo Y, et al. Presence and induction by bacteria of D-galactoside-specific lectins in the humoral fluids of amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense. Inflammopharmacol, 2002, 9(3): [33] Pang QX, Zhang SC, Wang CF, et al. Presence of prophenoloxidase in the humoral fluid of amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense. Fish Shellfish Immunol, 2004, 17(5): [34] Pang QX, Zhang SC, Liu XM, et al. Humoral immune responses of amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri to challenge with Escherichia coli. Fish Shellfish Immunol, 2006, 21(2): [35] Zhang SC, Wang CF, Wang YJ, et al. Presence and characterization of complement-like activity in the amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense. Zool Sci, 2003, 20(10): [36] Cannon JP, Haire RN, Litman GW. Identification of diversified genes that contain immunoglobulin-like variable regions in a protochordate. Nat Immunol, 2002, 3(12): [37] Abi-Rached L, Gilles A, Shiina T,et al. Evidence of en bloc duplication in vertebrate genomes. Nat Genet, 2002, 31(1): [38] Kapitonov VV, Jurka J. RAG1 core and V(D)J recombination signal sequences were derived from Transib transposons. PloS Biol, 2005, 3(6): [39] Dong M, Fu Y, Yu C, et al. Identification and characterization of a homolog of an activation gene for the recombination activating gene 1 (RAG 1) in amphioxus. Fish Shellfish Immunol, 2005, 19(2): [40] Huang G, Xie X, Han Y, et al. The identification of lymphocyte-like cells and lymphoid-related genes in amphioxus indicates the twilight for the emergence of adaptive immune system. PloS ONE, 2007, 2(2): e206

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