PLANT DIVERSITY IN QIANYANZHOU AFTER 20 YEARS OF SMALL WATERSHED TREATMENT

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1 2005, 29 (5) Ξ Acta Phytoecologica Sinica ,1 1 (1, ) (2, ) 20 :1) : 3 ( Liquidambar formosana), , ( Imperata cylin2 drica var. major) ( Loropetalum chinense)2 ( Bromus remotiflorus) ) : 3 ( Pinus massoniana), (2. 61) ; : + ( Pinus elliottii) + ( Litsea cubeba) ( Castanea mollissima) + 3) : ;, ; 4) : 2, + +, , 5), 12 3,, PLANT DIVERSITY IN QIANYANZHOU AFTER 20 YEARS OF SMALL WATERSHED TREATMENT LIU Qi-Jing 1 HU Li-Le 2,1 and LI Xuan- Ran 1 (1 Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource Researches, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , China) (2 Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang , China) Abstract The species diversity of a small watershed was investigated following 20 years treatments. Our re2 sults showed that the species dominance index of the upper forest canopy layer was higher than other layers and was higher in the artificial forests than that in secondary forests and Liquidambar formosana stands. As a whole, the dominance index for the shrub layer of the 12 communities investigated was small, averaging For the herb layer, the dominance index was high in the Ass. Imperata cylindrica var. major community (0. 53) and the Ass. Loropetalum chinense- Bromus remotiflorus community (0. 51). The species diversity in2 dex was high in the canopy layer of the L. formosana forest and natural Pinus massoniana forest but was low in other communities and, in particular, was lowest in the artificial forests. For the canopy layer, the species diversity index was the highest in the L. formosana forest (2. 61). A similar trend was found in the sub2 canopy layers with the highest value found in the P. massoniana + P. elliottii forest. Also, the species di2 versity index was higher in the artificial forests than that in the secondary forests except for the P. massoniana + Litsea cubeba and Castanea mollissima + L. formosana forests. The richness index was the highest in the shrub layer for all communities and was similarly high in both the canopy and herb layers as the shrub layer in the L. formosana forests. The richness index was higher in secondary forests than that in artificial forests. The evenness index or uniformity index in the herb layer was higher than that in the shrub layer except for the Ass. Ldoropetalum chinense- Bromus remotiflorus and Ass. I. cylindrica var. major stands. For the canopy layer, evenness was as high as in the Ass. C. mollissima + L. formosana and Ass. P. massoniana + L. cubeba stands whereas other artificial forests had lower values than that in secondary forests and L. formosana stands. In the shrub layer, evenness was the highest in the artificial forests except for the Castanea + Ξ : : : (2002CB4125) ac. cn

2 5 : Liquidambar forest. The diversity indices showed large differences between the shrub layer and other communi2 ties, and the L. formosana forest showed properties that can be considered atransitionaltype between artificial and secondary forests. Key words Plant diversity, Small watershed treatment, Forest community types, Plantation,,, (,1998 ; ( Paul et al.,2004 ;,1998) Geoffrey,2004 ;,2003) (,1993),, : 4 (, 1993 ;, Paulo et al.,2001),, (,1998) 1 (Magurran,1988), (, ), (,1997 ; 100 m 20,1994 ;,2002) ( 50 m, ), 17. 9, 0 (,2002) 6 523, ; mm ; h, 43 %, (Whittaker et al.,2001 ;,2004), MJ m - 2 a - 1 ; 323 d,,, (,1989), , 20 m 20 m, (,2001),, 10 m 10 m 5 m, 5 m m 20 m,14 10 m 10 m (,1997) 1983, 5 m 5 m 26, m 2 20 m 20 m 4 10 m 10 m 20, 10 m 10 m : 5 m 5 m 4 1 m 1 m 3 m E,26 44 N, 72 m

3 GPS : 26, 12, :,,, ( Importance value, IV) ( 4 2,,2003) : IV = ( , 7 ) / ; IV = ( + ) / ; IV = ( + ) / ( : ( Eurya muricata) ( Quercus fab2,2002a), (,2002b) ri) ( Vaccinium bracteatum) ( Rhus chi2 nensis) ( Adinandra bockiana) (,2002 ;,1995 ; 5 m 4 Rm = ( S - 1) / ln N,, S, N : Simpson : 3 = p 2 i, P i = N i / N, N i i, 12 Shannon-Wiener : H = - p i, 3 log p i Heip : Eh = [ exp ( - p i log p i ) - 1 ]/ ( S - 1), ( Community dis2, ( Woodwardia japonica) similarity, CD) : CD = 1-2 c/ ( a + b) c ( Dryopteris atrata) ( Dicrannepteris di2, a b chotoma), (,2004) ( Millettia reticulata) , ( Kvalseth,1991 ;,2004) ( Pinus massoniana) 1 : ( F L) 3, (B E) (A),, (B E) (A) ( Cunninghamia lanceolata) (J ) ( I) Simpson ( Pinus elliottii) ; ; + + ( Schima superba) (F) + ( K) ( H) + ( Litsea cubeba) ; ( Castanea mollissima) + ( Liquidambar for2 12 ( 1) ,, 100, ,,1994) Margalef : ( Serissa serissoides), 3, , mosana) , ( Imperata ( ), cylindrica var. major) ( D) - :, ( Bromus remotiflorus ) (B )

4 5 : Table 1 Quadrat information Community code Quadrat number Area (m m) Community name Aspect ( ) Slope ( ) Altitude (m) A 726A Liquidambar formosana forest NE A 812A Liquidambar formosana forest NW B 730A Loropetalum chinense-bromus remotiflorus shurb NW B 730A Loropetalum chinense-bromus remotiflorus shurb NW C 808A Loropetalum chinense- Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum shurb NE C 810A Loropetalum chinense- Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum shurb NE D 812B1 5 5 Imperata cylindrica var. major herb NE D 812B2 5 5 Imperata cylindrica var. major herb NE E 730B Pinus massoniana forest NE E 806A Pinus massoniana forest NE F 807B Pinus massoniana + Pinus elliottii forest WS F 810B Pinus massoniana + Pinus elliottii forest NE F 811A Pinus massoniana + Pinus elliottii forest NE F 811B Pinus massoniana + Pinus elliottii forest NE G 807A Pinus massoniana + Litsea cubeba forest SW H 731A Pinus massoniana forest NW H 801A Pinus massoniana forest SE I 803A Cunninghamia lanceolata forest NE I 804A Cunninghamia lanceolata forest SE J 802A Pinus elliottii forset SW J 802B Pinus elliottii forset WS K 808B Castamea mollissima + Liquidambar formosana forset NW K 808C Castamea mollissima + Liquidambar formosana forset NW L 727A Pinus elliottii + Schima superba forest WS L 801B Pinus elliottii + Schima superba forest NW L 806B Pinus elliottii + Schima superba forest NW Table 2 Importance value of trees Species IV Sample number Pinus massoniana Pinus elliottii Cunninghamia lanceolata Liquidambar formosana Schima superba Quercus fabri Loropetalum chinense Eurya muricata Magnolia heptapeta Vaccinium bracteatum Rhus chinensis Cinnamomum camphora Adinandra bockiana Viburnum setigerum Rhus verniciflua Melia azedarach Dalbergia hupehana ( K) + ( G) 2 :12 > > , (A) ( E), (A) (2. 61) ( E) (L) ( H) ( I) (J) : + (F), + ( G) + ( K), ( p = 0. 01) ( 3), ( p = 0. 01) 12

5 Table 3 Importance value of shrubs Species IV Sample number Loropetalum chinense Serissa serissoides Quercus fabri Rubus corchorifolius Vaccinium bracteatum Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia Smilax glabra Rhus chinensis Smilax ferox Lespedeza davidii Symplocos paniculata Ilex aculeolata Eurya muricata Adinandra bockiana Rosa cymosa Millettia reticulata Gardenia jasminoides Schima superba Lagerstroemia indica Dalbergia hupehana Rhamnus crenata Syzygium grijsii Lonicera japonica Glochidion puberum Ardisia crenata Pinus massoniana Morinda umbellata Sapium sebiferum Viburnum setigerum Rhus verniciflua Rhododendron simsii Cinnamomum camphora Berchemia floribunda Aleurites fordii Table 4 Importance value of herbs Species IV Sample number Woodwardia japonica Dryopteris atrata Dicrannepteris dichotoma Carex gibba Lygodium japonicum Adiantum flabellulatum Oplismenus undulatifolius Imperata cylindrica var. major Melastoma doclecandrum Bromus remotiflorus Pteris multifida Carex bodimieri Lophatherum gracile Stenoloma chusanum Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum Cyclosorus acuminatus Spodiopogon cotulifera Helicteres angustifolia Arachniodes simplicior Scleria levis Ampelopsis heterophylla Vitis sinocinerea Fig. 2 Shannon-Wiener diversity index 1 Notes see Fig. 1 1 Fig. 1 Simpson dominance index Ar, Sh, He Ar, Sh and He rep2 resent the arbor, shrub and herb, respectively A L 1 Community code A - L see Table 1 : > >,, 3 ( 4) : 1 2

6 5 : Fig. 3 Margalef abundance index 1 Notes see Fig. 1 + ( G) + (L) 0. 62, 0. 6 ; (J ) + ( F) ( H) ( I) : (D) ;, 2 (C) 0. 6, 2 (B) ( E), : 3, 2 ( C) (D) Fig. 4 Heip uniformity index 1 Notes see Fig. 1 (0. 35) ;, , , (B) (D),, + ( K), ( G) (0. 76) ( E C) (A) + ( K), 5 ( E C) (A) A L 2. 3 Community dissimilarity, : 3 ; Fig. 5 diversity index 1 Community code A - L see Table 1 CD :, > (,2001 ;,1995) 5 >, 80 + : (F L) + +

7 772 29,, 20,,, Simpson + +,, 3 +, + : + ;, 3,, ( + + ) : +, 0. 94,, + (0. 76) 3 5 :,,, ; ( + + ) ;, 60 1,, + ( K), 20 20,,, ;, 2,,,,, 69 %, %, ; %, :20, + + (,2003 ;,2004), 12, (2. 39) Shannon2Wiener (,,1994),, 3,, ;, Biodiversity Committee of Chinese Academy of Sciences (

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