SCIENTIA SILVAE SINICAE. :, cfu g - 1, :S71513 :A : (2009)

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1 SCIENTIA SILVAE SINICAE Vol145,No18 Aug., ( ; ) : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 7 :, cfu g - 1, % % ;, cfu g - 1,6144 % % ;, cfu g - 1,0179 % 1199 % ; > > > > > >,38199 % %,30190 % %,23186 % %,10117 % %,5189 % 6111 %,0127 % 1109 % ; > > > > > >,,5 N % %,29110 % %,22191 % %,5120 % 5193 %,2120 % 4145 % ( D = , R = , P = ),( D = , R = , P = ), ( D = , R = , P = ), ( R = , P = ), : ; ; ; ; :S71513 :A : (2009) Soil Microbe Quantities,Microbial Carbon and Nitrogen and Fractal Characteristics under Different Vegetation Restoration Patterns in Watershed, Northwest Hunan Qi Lianghua 1 Zhang Xudong 2 Zhou Jinxing 2 Peng Zhenhua 2 Yue Xianghua 1 Huang Lingling 2 (11 International Center for Bamboo and Rattan Beijing ; 21 Research Institute of Forestry, CAF Beijing ) Abstract : Soil microbe quantities,microbial carbon and nitrogen contents,and their fractal characteristics were studied in seven typical vegetation restoration patterns in Nverzhai watershed in northwest Hunan,including Pinus massoniana natural forest ( ), Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation ( ), Eucommia ulmoides plantation ( ), Vernicia fordii plantation ( ), Machilus pingii secondary forest ( ), Phyllostachys edulis2c. lanceolata mixed forest ( ),wasteland2shrub ( ). It was found that the bacterial number was cfu g - 1 which was the highest proportion of % % in total soil microbe,followed by actinomycial and fungous ones whose number and proportion were cfu g - 1, 6144 % % and cfu g - 1,0179 % 1199 % respectively. Soil microbial biomass C(MBC) was higher in all the other six forest patterns than in,and ranked as the following : (38199 % %) > (30190 % %) > (23186 % %) > (10117 % %) > (5189 % 6111 %) > (0127 % 1109 %) > in the soil layer of 0 40 cm. Except for pattern,soil microbial biomass N(MBN) was higher in the other five forest patterns than that in,with a rank of (43146 % %) > (29110 % %) > (22191 % %) > (5120 % 5193 %) > (2120 % 4145 %) >. These results showed that MBC and MBN of pattern were lower than that of forest patterns on the whole. There was an obvious fractal characteristics between MBC and bacterial number ( D = , R = , P = ),followed by MBC and actinomycial number ( D = , R = , P = ),MBN and bacterial number ( D = , R = , P = ). However,the fractal model of MBN and actinomycial number was not : : (2006BAD03A16) 3

2 8 : 15 significant ( R = , P = ),and there also did not exist fractal relations for MBC,MBN and fungous number. Key words : vegetation restoration patterns ; soil microbe quantities ; soil microbial biomass C; soil microbial biomass N ; fractal characteristics,,,, (Van Bruggen et al., 2000 ;,2004 ;,2006) ( Harris,2003 ;,2003 ;,2004),,, (,2004), (,2003) (MBC) 1 % 4 %, ; (MBN) 0. 5 % %,, ( Srivastava et al., 1991 ;, 2003) ( ) (Srivastava et al.,1991 ; Harris,2003 ;, 2004 ;, 2004 ;, 2006 ;, 2006 ;,2006), (,2003 ;,2003 ; Behera et al., 2003 ;, 2006 ;, 2006 ;, 2006 ;, 2006 ;, 2007),,,,, 20, 1 (29 30 N, E),,,,,, h, 16,1 400 mm, ,,2. 81 km 2, 210 m, m,,,, 1993, ( Pinus massoniana) ( Cunninghamia lanceolata) ( Eucommia ulmoides) ( Vernicia fordii) ( Machilus pingii) ( Phyllostachys edulis) (,2007) ( Loropetalum chinensis ) ( Boehmeria nivea) ( Rubus palmatus) ( Mallotus apelta ) ( Acer oblongum ) ( Camellia oleifera ), ( Dicranopteris linearis) ( Imperata spp. ) ( Dianthus caryophyllus) ( Arthraxon hispidus) ( Houttuynia cordat ) ( Ophiopogon japonicus) ( Senecio scandens) ( Cyperus rotundus) ( Microlepia marginata) ( Cyclosorus acuminatus ) ( Metathelypteris singalanensis),( Dalbergia hancei) ( Lygodium japonicum ) ( Thladiantha nudiflora) ( Smilax china ) ( Cocculus orbiculatus) ( Akebia trifoliate) , 2 ( ), 600 m 2 9 (2 m 2 m),9 (1 m 1 m) 180, 180 : 1), ; 2),,, ( ) ; 3),

3 ,1. 5 m ( ) 1. 0 m ( ),,,(0 20 cm,20 40 cm),, 5 1 kg,2,1, 1, (,2008) Pattern ElevationΠ m SlopeΠ ( ) 1 Tab. 1 The main characteristics of different vegetation patterns Aspect Mean heightπ m Mean DBHΠ cm Forest densityπ (tree hm - 2 ) Tree layer coverageπ % Shrub layer coverageπ % Herbaceous layer coverageπ% Southwest North Northeast Southwest South Southwest Southeast : P. massoniana natural forest ; : C. lanceolata plantation ; : E. ulmoides plantation ; : V. fordii plantation ; : M. pingii secondary forest ; : Ph. edulis2c. lanceolata mixed forest ; : wasteland2shrub The same below.,,,1 CΠN 015 mol L - 1 K 2 SO 4, C,N (, 1985 ;,1996) 212 (Fractal), ( Fractal dimension) (,1996) A ( ), B ( ), 2 : A = kb D, D, k () D A B, D, D (,2003) 213, SPSS 3 311,,,,,, 2 :0 20,20 40 cm ( P < 0101), 0 20,20 40 cm > > > > > >, > > > > > >, , cfu g - 1,,, 6, ( cfu g - 1 ),,,, 0 20 cm

4 8 : 17 ( P > 011), ( cfu g - 1 ), ( cfu g - 1 ) ; cm( P < 0101), ( cfu g - 1 ), ( cfu g - 1 ),2 7146, > > > > > >, Patterns 2 Tab. 2 ANOVA and ANOVA2LSD of soil microbe number in different vegetation patterns BacterialΠ 0 20 cm FungousΠ ActinomycialΠ BacterialΠ cm FungousΠ ActinomycialΠ aA 4177aA 18173aA 21153aA 3143aA 14167aA 80127bB 0189abA 18137aA 32120bB 0146bAB 12130aA 87173bB 0197abA 20157aA 70117bcB 0153bB 7157aA bB 1176abA 29177aA 32167bcB 1119bB 15197aA 99120bB 1168bA 38190aA 54110bcB 1167bB 15123aA bB 1153bA 17177aA bcB 1114bB 9130aA 68190bB 2186bA 24183aA 54167cB 0164bB 10137aA F P Different small and capital letters meant significant difference at 0105 and 0101 level, respectively. 3, P < 011 ; 33, P < 0105 ; 333, P < 0101 The same below cm ( cfu g - 1 ), ( cfu g - 1 ) ; cm ( cfu g - 1 ), ( cfu g - 1 ),, 0 20,20 40 cm ( P > 011),,, cfu g - 1, % % ;, cfu g - 1,6144 % % ;, cfu g - 1, 0179 % 1199 %, ;,, 0 20 cm cm,,,,,, 312,,,,, 3 : ( P < 011),, 0 20 cm cm,,,,,,,, > > > > > >, % %, % %, % %, % %, 5189 % 6111 %,0127 % 1109 % > > > > > >, 0112 % 4132 %,5

5 % %, % %, % %, 5120 % 5193 %,2120 % 4145 %,,,,,, CΠN Pattern 3 Tab. 3 ANOVA and ANOVA2LSD of soil microbial biomass in different vegetation patterns carbonπ 0 20 cm nitrogenπ CΠN carbonπ cm nitrogenπ CΠN aA 60160aA 8178aA aA 52137aA 7120aA abAB 64127abAB 8158aA abAB 57147abAB 6186aA abcABC 74157abAB 9118aA abcABC 67180abAB 7146aA abcABC 63137bAB 9106aA bcBC 55183bAB 7134aA bcBC 87153bAB 8132aA bcBC 78137bAB 6162aA cC 78163bB 8121aA bcBC 70153bAB 6166aA cC 60167bB 8162aA cC 54163bB 7136aA F P ;, R , , ( P < 0101) ( P < 0105), D , ( R = , P < 0105), D ; F ( R = , P > 011), N t ( P < 0105), Model 4 Tab. 4 Fractal characteristic model of soil microbe number and biomass R F F F2test P Constant t t2test k t P t P ln y C = ln x B ln y C = ln x A ln y N = ln x B ln y N = ln x A y C : MBC; y N : MBN x B x F x A x B, x F and x A means the soil microbe number of bacterial,fungous and actinomycial respectively , ( Harris,2003 ;,2004) 7,,, ; 0 20,20 40 cm, % % ;, 6144 % % ;, 0179 % 1199 %,

6 8 : 19,,,,, ( 2006), (2004) 412 ( ), m 3, (Arunachalam et al.,2003),, (,2006),, 0 20 cm cm, (2003) (2006), > > > > > >, > > > > > >,,,,,,,,,, CΠN, CΠN 30 1, ; CΠN 20 1, ; CΠN 25 1, (,2003 ;,2004) 3 : CΠN,, , ,,,, 413, (,1993 ;,1996),, ( P < 0101) ( P < 0105), ( P < 0105), D F t D, D,, D,, ( D = ), ( D = ), ( D = ), F ( R = , P > 0110),,,,,, :,30 (3) : ,,, ,26 (5) : , ,14 (4) : ,,, , 17 ( 12) : ,, ,37 (1) : , ,17 (1) : ,,, ,15 (10) : ,,, , 40 ( 6 ) : ,,, , 12 ( 3 ) : ,, ,20 (3) : ,,, ,44 (9) : 1

7 ,,, ,43 (4) : 1-8.,,, ,15 (10) : , :.,, , 18 ( 3) : ,,, ( Robinia pseudoacacia)., 27 (3) : ,, ,38 (20) : ,,, ,17 (9) : :.,, ,19 (4) : , ΠΠ.. :, Arunachalam A,Pandey H Ecosystem restoration of Jhum fallows in Northeast India : microbial C and N along altitudinal and successional gradients. Restoration Ecology,11 : Behera N,Sahani U Soil microbial biomass and activity in response to Eucalyptus plantation and natural regeneration on tropical soil. Forest Ecology Management,174 : Harris J A Measurements of the soil microbial community for estimating the success of restoration. Europe Journal of Soil Science,54 : Srivastava S C,Singh J S Microbial C,N and in dry tropical forest soils : Effects of alternate land use and nutrient flux. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,23 (2) : Van Bruggen A H C,Semenov A M In search of biological indicators for soil health and disease suppression. Applied Soil Ecology, 15 : ( ) ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, 16,: 15100,90100 ; S : ISSN ,CN ΠS, :28-59 ; :Q5941 : : (025) : : (025) E2mail : 163. com http :ΠΠwww. cifp. ac. cn

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Supplementary Information 1.

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