Studies of Gro wth Sexual Dimorphism in Vertebrate

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1 Chinese Journal of Zoology 2009,44 (2) : ( ; ) :, : ; :Q955 :A : (2009) Studies of Gro wth Sexual Dimorphism in Vertebrate MA Xi2Lan ZHANG Yong ZHOU Li2Bin LIU Xiao2Chun LIN Hao2Ran 3 ( Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economical Animal, Sun Yat2Sen University, Guangzhou ; Department of Life Science, Huizhou University, Huizhou , China) Abstract :This paper reviewed the progress of studies on growth of sexual dimorphism in vertebrate. The reasons of growth sexual dimorphism in vertebrate including feeding and digesting, energy allocation between growth and reproduction,species heredity,genotype and phenotype,steroid level,genes expressions of growth axis are analyzed. Key words :Vertebrate ; Growth sexual dimorphism,, (sexual size dimorphism,ssd) ( ) (growth sexual dimorphism,gsd) [1 ], [2 ] ; ( ) ( ),, (, ), [1,2 ], [3 5 ] [6 9 ] [10 ] [11 22 ] [23 29 ] 1,, ( Oreochromis niloticus),,, 863 (No. 2006AA10A402), ( No ), (2004) (C ) ; 3,E2mail sysu. edu. cn ;,, ; : ; E2mail edu. cn : , :

Science, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China) Abstract :This paper reviewed the progress of studies on growth of sexual dimorphism in vertebrate.

2 142 Chinese Journal of Zoology 44 ( Lepomis macrochirus), [2 ] 2,,, ( Phrynocephalus theobaldi) 2170 g,,, [3 ] ( P. vlangalii) 1, :,,,,, ;,,,, [4 ] ( Siniperca chuats) 170 g, ; g,,, 2, 1,,,,,, [5 ] [10 ] 3, ( Trionyx sinensis) [6 ], ( Chinemys reevesii) [7 ] ( Cuora trif asciata) [8 ],,,,85 %, [6 ],, 2 3 [7 ] ( Mauremys mutica),, [8 ],,, : ( Sceloporus jarrovii) ( S. virgatus), [9 ] 4,, XX [10 ], ;,,,

vlangalii) 1, :,,,,, ;,,,, [4 ] ( Siniperca chuats) 170 g, ; 170 835 g,,, 2, 1,,,,,, [5 ] [10 ] 3, (

3 2 : 143, ;,,, (insulin2like growth factor, IGF2I), E 2 IGF2I, ; DHT IGF2I,,, E 2 IGF2I mrna,dht, Toguyeni [10 ],, IGF2I, [1,5 ], (mxy),, (mxy), (mxx),, (112 ketotestosterone, 112KT) E 2 [11,12] [10 ] 112KT E 2 (testosterone, T),, [10 ],,,,,, ( Oreochromis mossambicus) [15,16 ] SSD Cox [9] ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) [17 ] ( Cyprinus ( SSD ) carpio) [18 ] [19 ],, ( Salmo gairdneri ) [20 ] ( Perca fluviatilis),,,,, ( ( 17 2 methyltestosterone,mt), MT SSD ) [13] SSD, (17 2estradiol, E 2 ), ( dihydrotestosterone,dht ) [14 ] ( Rattus norvegicus) ( E 2 ), MT, [21,22 ], 6

Cox [9] ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) [17 ] ( Cyprinus ( SSD ) carpio) [18 ] [19 ],, ( Salmo gairdneri ) [20 ] ( Perca fluviatilis),,,,, ( ( 17 2

4 144 Chinese Journal of Zoology 44 mrna [23 ] 611 ( growth hormone, GH), GH mrna GH, IGF2I [25 ] [10 ] GH, 612 ( IGF2I IGFBPs) IGF2I GH : 3 4 h, h, IGF2I (insulin2 ; like growth factor binding proteins,igfbps) GH,,,, GH GH ( Merycoidodon gracilis ) ( Bos (growth hormone taurus), IGF2I releasing hormone, GHRH) [10 ], (somatostatin,ss) IGF2I GHRH SS IGF2I GHRH GH GH IGF2I, ( Mus musculus) GH GH, [10 ], E 2, IGF2I IGF2I GH IGF2I ( E 2 ), E 2 IGFBP23,GH 2 3, GH, E 2, GH, IGFBP23 IGFBP21, T IGFBP2I IGFBP22, IGFBP23 DHT,, MT IGF2I mrna (androgen receptor,ar), Ξ (estrogen receptor, ER) ( T E 2 ) T 112KT GH, GH mrna GH IGF2I GH,, ( Anguilla anguilla) GH mrna,, [24 ], GH mrna Ξ.. :,2007.

IGF2I GHRH SS IGF2I GHRH GH GH IGF2I, ( Mus musculus) GH GH, [10 ], E 2, IGF2I IGF2I GH IGF2I ( E 2 ), E 2 IGFBP23,GH 2 3, GH, E 2, GH, IGFBP23 IGFBP21, T IGFBP2I IGFBP22,

5 2 : 145 IGF2I IGFBP23, IGF2I GH, GH, IGFBP23 [26 ] 613 ( GHR GHBP), ( growth hormone receptor,ghr) mrna, GHR1 mrna [25 ], GHR mrna GHR ( GHR1) ;,, GHR GHR T ( Oryctolagus cuniculus) GHR mrna [27 ], GHR mrna [28 ] GHR MT, ( Silurus meridionalis) GHR mrna [29 ] ; MT GHR mrna,,mt GHR mrna Ξ E 2 [29 ] GHR mrna, Ξ ( Homo sapiens), ( growth hormone binding protein,ghbp), GH, GH,, [30 ],,,,,, [ 1 ],,. ( ) ( ).,1997,6 (2) : [ 2 ]..,1985,32(1) : [ 3 ],,..,1996,17(1) : [ 4 ],,.. ( ),2005,42(6) : [ 5 ],,..,2006,36 (3) : [ 6 ]..,1993,4 : [ 7 ],.. :,19971 [ 8 ],,..,2001,25(6) : [ 9 ] Cox R M,John2Alder H B. Testosterone has opposite effects on male growth in lizards ( Sceloporus spp. ) with opposite patterns of sexual size dimorphism. J Exp Biol, 2005, 208 : [10 ] Toguyeni A,Baroiller J F,Fostier A, et al. Influence of sexual phenotype and genotype,and sex ration on growth performances in tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture,2002,207 : [11 ] Wehrenberg W B, Giustina A. Basic counterpoint :mechanisms and pathways of gonadal steroid modulation of growth hormone secretion. Endocr Rev,1992,13 : [12 ] Johannsson G, Gibney J, Wolthers T, et al. Independent and combined effects of testosterone and growth hormone on extracellular water in hypopituitary men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism,2005,90 : [13 ] Cox R M. A test of the reproductive cost hypothesis for sexual size imorphism in Yarrow s spiny lizard Sceloporus jarrovii. J Ξ.. :,20071

( ) ( ).,1997,6 (2) :96 1011 [ 2 ]..,1985,32(1) :37 421 [ 3 ],,..,1996,17(1) :27 291 [ 4 ],,.. ( ),2005,42(6) :1 252 1 2571 [ 5 ],,..,2006,36 (3) :34 371 [ 6 ]..,1993,4 :23 241 [ 7 ],.

6 146 Chinese Journal of Zoology 44 Anim Ecol,2006,75(6) : [14 ] Borski R J, Tsai W,DeMott2Friberg R. Regulation of somatic growth and the somatotropic axis by gonadal steroids :primary effect on IGF2I gene expression and secretion. Endocrinology, 2005,137 : [15 ] Sparks R T, Shepherd B S, Ron B, et al. Effects of environmental salinity and 17 2methyltestosterone on growth and oxygen consumption in the tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. Comp Biochem Physiol B,2003,136 : [16 ] Riley L G, Richman N H, Hirano T, et al. Activation of the growth hormoneπinsulin2like growth factor axis by treatment with 17 2methyltestosterone and seawater rearing in tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. Gen Comp Endocrinol, 2002, 127 : [17 ] Fagerlund U H M, Higgs D A, Mc Bride J R, et al. Implications of varying dietary protein, lipid and 172 methyltestosterone content on growth and utilization of protein and energy in juvenile coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch). Aquaculture,1983,30 : [18 ] Lone K P,Matty A J. The effect of feeding methyltestosterone on the growth and body composition of common carp ( Cyprinus carpio L. ). Gen Comp Endocrinol,1980,40 : [19 ] Toguyeni A, Fauconneau B, Boujard T, et al. Feeding behaviour and food utilisation in tilapia Oreochromis niloticus : effect of sex ratio and relationship with endocrine status. Physiol Behav,1997,62 : [20 ] Ince B W,Lone K P,Matty A J. Effect of dietary protein level, and an anabolic steroid, ethylestrenol, on the growth, food conversion efficiency and protein efficiency ratio in rainbow trout ( Salmo gairdneri). Br J Nutr,1982,47 : [21 ] Mandiki S N, Houbart M, Babiak I, et al. Are sex steroids involved in the sexual growth dimorphism in Eurasian perch juveniles? Physiology & Behavior,2004,80 : [22 ] Mandiki S N, Babiak I, Bopopi J M, et al. Effects of sex steroids and their inhibitors on endocrine parameters and gender growth differences in Eurasian perch ( Perca fluviatilis) juveniles. Steroids,2005,70 : [23 ] Gatford KL,Egan A R,Ckarke I J, et al. Sexual dimorphism of the somatotrophic axis. Journal of Endocrinology, 1998, 157 : [24 ] Degani G,Tzchori I,Yom2Din S, et al. Growth differences and growth hormone expression in male and female European eels (Anguilla anguilla). Gen Comp Endocrinol,2003,134 : [25 ],,. cdna mrna.,2006,52(5) : [26 ] Donald A L, Munetaka S, Kathleen A C, et al. Androgen effects on plasma GH, IGF2I, and 412kDa IGFBP in coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch). Gen Comp Endocrinol,2004, 139 : [27 ] Yu Y M,Domene H M,Stzein J, et al. Developmental changes and differential regulation by testosterone and estradiol of growth hormone receptor expression in the rabbit. European Journal of Endocrinology,1996,135 : [28 ] Carmignac D F, Gabrielsson B G, Robinson I C. Growth hormone binding protein in the rat :effects of gonadal steroids. Endocrinology,1993,133 : [29 ],,..,2006,52 (6) : [30 ] Blanckenhorn W U,Dixon A F, Fairbairn D J, et al. Proximate causes of Rensch s rule : does sexual size dimorphism in arthropods result from sex differences in development time? Am Nat,2007,169 :

Endocrinology, 2005,137 :3 253 3 2591 [15 ] Sparks R T, Shepherd B S, Ron B, et al.

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