Allocation and Accumulation of Pollutants in 8 Tree Species Grown in Ceramic Industry Polluted Area

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1 2011,19(5): 438~445 Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany 8 1, * ( ) S Cu Pb Ni Zn Mn Cr 198 ~ 3248 g 1187 g > > > > 8 S Cu Pb 325 ~ ~ ~ 11.0 μg g μg g -1 S Cu Pb 485 ~ ~ ~ 6.8 mg mg S > > > > > > > Cu > > > > > > > Pb > > > > > > > Q doi: /j.issn A (2011) Allocation and Accumulation of Pollutants in 8 Tree Species Grown in Ceramic Industry Polluted Area HOU En-qing 1,2, TAN Jia-de 3, LI Jian-li 4, ZHANG Ling-ling 1, LU Yao-dong 3, WEN Da-zhi 1* (1. South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou , China; 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , China; 3. Foshan Institue of Forestry, Foshan , China; 4. Agriculture and Forestry Technology Extension Centre of Nanhai District in Foshan, Foshan , China) Abstract The accumulation and allocation of pollutants in 8 one-year-old tree speeies seedlings were studied, which were planted in ceramic industry polluted area for one and half years. The results showed that S, Cu and Pb pollutants of soil were serious, while Ni, Zn, Mn and Cr pollutants were slight. Total dry mass per plant had significant differences among 8 tree species with a range from 198 g to 3248 g, and the mean of 1187 g. The contents of S and Pb changed greatly among different tree species and organs. The contents of S, Cu and Pb in 8 tree species ranged of , , and μg g -1, with the mean of 2459, 6.8, and 3.5 μg g -1, respectively, while their accumulation per plant ranged of , , and mg, with the average of 2367, 8.0, and 2.9 mg, respectively. The S accumulation per plant was in order as F. altissima > T. championi > F. microcarpa > P. heterophyllum > A. dioica > G. robusta > F. microcarpa var. fuyuensis > G. axillaris; Cu: F. altissima > T. championi > F. microcarpa > G. robusta > P. heterophyllum > F. microcarpa var. fuyuensis > A ( ) (200901) (1986 ~ ), houeq@scib.ac.cn * Corresponding author, dzwen@scib.ac.cn

2 dioica > G. axillaris; Pb: F. microcarpa > G. robusta > T. championi > F. microcarpa var. fuyuensis > P. heterophyllum > F. altissima > G. axillaris > A. dioica. It suggested that F. altissima, T. championi and F. microcarpa were suitable for phytoremediation in ceramic industry polluted area. Key words Ceramic industry polluted area; Dry mass allocation; Tree species; Phytoremediation SO 2 NO X (23 04' N ' E) ,6 79% mm (Ficus altissima) ( F. microcarpa ) ( Pterospermum heterophyllum) ( Grevillea robusta ) 10,12 (Tutcheria championi) ( F. microcarpa var. 20 fuyuensis) (Aporusa dioica) (Gordonia 11 axillaris) m 1.5 m 1 hm g cm 8 0 ~ 5 cm 5 ~ 20 cm 2

3 (Optimal 2000 USA) ( cm Microsoft Excel cm Sigmaplot 10.0 SPSS ± 3 Pb Cr Ni HNO 3 -HF-HClO 4 (7 4 1 V/V/V) Cu Pb HNO 3 - GSV-2 GSS-5 ESS-3) ~ 60 g 65 (% ) (g) = (g) ( > 2 mm) ( 2 mm) ~ ~ 5 cm S Pb Cu Pb Ni 5 ~ 20 cm (P < 0.05) 0 ~ 5 cm S Pb Pb 5 ~ 20 cm 8 (P < 0.01) 60 S Pb Cu Ni S Pb S LTDL-9 ( ) Mn Zn Cu Zn Pb 30 Zn Pb 0 ~ 5 cm HClO 4 (7 4 V/V) M n Zn Cu Pb Cr 5 ~ 20 cm Mn Zn Cr Ni 0.1 mol/l HCl Ni Mn 22 ICP-MS Zn Cr Ni 1 (μg g -1 ) Table 1 Contents (μg g -1 ) of elements in soil S Mn Cu Pb Zn Cr Ni Available 0 ~ 5 cm ± ± ± ± ± ± ~ 20 cm 5.71 ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.11 P Total 0 ~ 5 cm ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ~ 20 cm ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.97 P National standard value n = 5 Background value of Guangdong soil

4 /3 (D) (H) D 2 H (r = 0.986, P < 0.01) (r = 0.923, P < 0.01) (r = 0.868, P < 0.01) (r = 0.821, P < 0.05) 18, D 2 H ( 2.5 ) D 2 H > > > > > > ( 2) 2 8 Table 2 Basic growth parameters of 8 tree species Diameter Height Crown D 2 H Species (D) (cm) (H) (m) width (m) (cm 3 ) n = 8 F. altissima 5.79 ± ± ± ± 7655 F. microcarpa 5.33 ± ± ± ± 3173 P. heterophyllum 3.76 ± ± ± ± 2942 G. robusta 2.78 ± ± ± ± 1138 T. championi 2.78 ± ± ± ± 1054 F. microcarpa var. fuyuensis 2.69 ± ± ± ± 301 A. dioica 2.16 ± ± ± ± 237 G. axillaris 1.64 ± ± ± ± % ~ 84.9% 77.8% (3248 g) 3. 3 (198 g) 1187 g % ~ 45.5% ( 30.8% ) S Cu Pb 325 ~ (16.2% ~ 52.4% 25.8% ) (15.7% ~ ~ ~ 11.0 μg g % 22.1% ) (9.2% ~ 42.9% 21.2% ) 0. 2% ~ 1. 1% ( μg g -1 S Cu Pb S 0.5% ) ( + + ) > > Cu 3 (g) Table 3 Allocation of dry mass (g) Species Leaf Branch Stem Coarse root Fine root Total / (% ) Aboveground/Total F. altissima 540(16.6) 546(16.8) 1242(38.2) 904(27.8) 16(0.5) F. microcarpa 159(9.2) 573(33.1) 561(32.4) 433(25.0) 7(0.4) P. heterophyllum 201(10.5) 315(16.4) 873(45.5) 527(27.5) 3(0.2) G. robusta 183(26.0) 155(22.0) 235(33.3) 128(18.2) 4(0.6) T. championi 276(29.4) 189(20.1) 240(25.6) 230(24.5) 3(0.3) F. microcarpa var. fuyuensis 45(10.0) 236(52.4) 101(22.4) 76(16.9) 5(1.1) A. dioica 78(25.4) 89(29.0) 73(23.8) 66(21.5) 2(0.7) G. axillaris 85(42.9) 32(16.2) 49(24.7) 31(15.7) 1(0.5) n = 8; n = 8. Data in bracket was the percentage of dry mass of organ to the total dry mass.

5 S Cu Pb (μg g -1 ) Table 4 Contents (μg g -1 ) of S, Cu and Pb in different organs of 8 tree species Elements Species Leaf Branch Stem Coarse root Fine root S F. altissima F. microcarpa P. heterophyllum G. robusta T. championi F. microcarpa var. fuyuensis A. dioica G. axillaris Cu F. altissima F. microcarpa P. heterophyllum G. robusta T. championi F. microcarpa var. fuyuensis A. dioica G. axillaris Pb F. altissima F. microcarpa P. heterophyllum G. robusta T. championi F. microcarpa var. fuyuensis A. dioica G. axillaris > > > > Pb > S Cu 0.6 ~ 6.8 mg mg S Cu Pb > > > > > > > Cu > 1,23,33 > > > > > > 12,34 8 S Pb > > > > 2338 ~ μg g μg g -1 S (2000 ~ 5000 μg g -1 ) 35 Cu 5.2 ~ 19.2 μg g -1 ( 12.8 μg g -1 Alloway 36 ( 5 ~ 20 μg g -1 ) Pb 0.1 ~ 7.7 μg g μg g -1 Pb (5 ~ 10 μg g -1 ) S Cu Pb S Cu Pb 485 ~ ~ 23.7 > > > S ( 30.6% ~ 71.0% ) + + ) 83.0% ~ 95.7% Cu Pb Cu Pb 74.2% ~ 98.3% 67.6% ~ 92.6% 87.3%

6 % Pearson 89.8% S 88.8% Cu Pb Pb (S Cu Pb) 29 Pb 5 8 S Cu Pb (mg) Table 5 Accumulation of S, Cu and Pb in plant organs of 8 tree species (mg) Elements Species Leaf Branch Stem Coarse root Fine root Total S F. altissima F. microcarpa P. heterophyllum G. robusta T. championi F. microcarpa var. fuyuensis A. dioica G. axillaris Cu F. altissima F. microcarpa P. heterophyllum G. robusta T. championi F. microcarpa var. fuyuensis A. dioica G. axillaris Pb F. altissima F. microcarpa P. heterophyllum G. robusta T. championi F. microcarpa var. fuyuensis A. dioica G. axillaris Mn Cr S Cu Pb 8 1,37 S Cu Pb 3 S S Cu S S S Pb Cu Cu S Cu Pb Pb Pb S Pb Cu Ni Zn

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