Family - related Factors Affecting Child Health in China

36 2 2012 3 Vol. 36 No. 2 March 2012 50 Population Research * CHNS 2009 OLS 1291 18 HAZ 300071 Family - related Factors Affecting Child Health in China Wang Fang Zhou Xing Abstract Drawing upon data from China Health and Nutrition Survey CHNS 2009 this paper analyzes health status and its determinants of 1291 children under age 18 using OLS /quartile regression. Results show that child' s sex and the proportion of male children in the family significantly associated with child health.after controlling for physiological and genetic factors geographic location of the family the family' s long - term welfare level father' s education level types of occupations of the parents and age of children are significantly affecting child health. Keywords Child Health HAZ Population Quality Authors Wang Fang is Post - doctoral Fellow and Zhou Xing is Lecturer Economics School of Nankai University.Email wf_hily@ 163.com * 11YJC790174 20110490771

2 51 1 Robert W. Fogel Fogel 1994 Thomas 2002 Palloni 2009 1991 50. 2 2000 32. 2 2008 14. 9 2009 2008 1991 35. 3 1992 3 1982 6 4 ~ 4. 6CM 1. 2 ~ 2. 4KG 400 1955 ~ 1979 11 7 ~ 18 24 5. 6CM 5. 1CM 2005 2005 7 1995 2006 2007 2001 1% 1990 1 1999 1991 2000 1991 2000 2008 1335 2009 2005

52 36 1 ~ 2 2 / 1995 Thomas 1994 / Z Height for Age Z - scores HAZ Z 1 HAZ Z HAZ 3-3 HAZ - 2 ~ - 3 HAZ The Carolina Population Center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill The National Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention China Health and Nutrition Survey CHNS 2009 4400 19000 1989 1991 1993 1997 2000 2004 2006 2009 multistage random cluster sampling 52 1 Z ind = y /M t L t - 1 S t L t = y - M t StDev t WTO y M SD

2 53 CHNS 2009 18 1291 722 55. 93% 952 73. 74% 354 27. 42% 498 38. 58% 439 34% 622 48. 18% 494 38. 26% 175 13. 56% 58. 2% 54. 86% 50. 86% 1 /2 313 24. 24% 1 /2 524 40. 59% 1 /2 454 35. 17% 1 HAZ HAZ HAZ 1 Table 1 Z HAZ HAZ Mean - Value of Children by Age 0-1. 62-1. 66-0. 11-0. 03 1. 90-0. 39-0. 94-0. 20-0. 90 1 0. 14-2. 32-1. 19-0. 68 0. 67 0. 40-2. 01-2. 44-1. 72-0. 85 2-0. 42 0. 18 0. 09-0. 68 1. 09 0. 92-0. 37-1. 44-0. 76-0. 46 3 0. 08 0. 37-0. 66-0. 45 0. 68-0. 17-0. 67-0. 34-1. 14-0. 69 4-0. 95-0. 12 0. 11-0. 38 0. 34 0. 09 0. 11-0. 44-0. 76-0. 64 5 0. 35-0. 40-0. 21-0. 55 0. 88 0. 09-0. 32-0. 25-0. 61-1. 14 6-0. 06-0. 90-0. 59-0. 53 0. 31-0. 16-0. 13-0. 37-1. 11-1. 26 7-0. 42-0. 70-0. 28-0. 44 0. 21-0. 02-0. 35 0. 03-0. 73-1. 17 8 0. 46 0. 53-0. 71-0. 65 0. 14 0. 03-0. 45 0. 20-1. 09-0. 70 9 0. 05 0. 17-0. 04-0. 38 0. 33 0. 52-0. 18-0. 36-0. 17-0. 65 10 0. 28 0. 16-0. 49-1. 12 0. 03-0. 43-0. 26-0. 25-1. 07-1. 71 11 0. 10-0. 44-0. 51-0. 93 0. 30 0. 28-0. 02-0. 50-0. 83-1. 90 12 0. 40-0. 51-0. 40-0. 74 0. 62-0. 42-0. 05-0. 30-1. 08-1. 06 13-0. 29-0. 19-0. 41-1. 17 0. 02-0. 34-0. 49 0. 06-0. 83-1. 93 14-0. 16-0. 29-0. 26-0. 59 0. 36-0. 05-0. 39-0. 30-0. 43-0. 91 15-0. 44-0. 09-0. 46-0. 55-0. 19-0. 48-0. 15-0. 13-1. 06-0. 88 16-1. 07-0. 98-0. 76-0. 83-0. 00-1. 05-0. 51-0. 45-1. 26-1. 58 17-0. 72-0. 09-0. 81 0. 13-0. 99 0. 58-0. 72-0. 01-0. 71-0. 50 18-1. 73-1. 73-0. 20-0. 33-0. 42-0. 63 0. 33-0. 08-0. 40-0. 36-0. 89-1. 12 50. 7% 25. 45% 17. 74% 6. 12% 1 HAZ 114 8. 83% 89 229 17. 74% 176

54 36 2 HAZ 1 Figure 1 Parents' Education Level 2 Figure 2 HAZ HAZ Mean - Value of Children by Family Size Table 2 2 HAZ Family Income and HAZ Mean - Value of Children in different areas HAZ 55937. 70 13368. 95 0. 1723 39862. 29 7928. 98 0. 1548 49952. 65 9850. 92-0. 3921 62048. 96 14523. 68 0. 3608 46516. 73 10464. 06 0. 0619 50904. 37 11610. 84 0. 1463 37814. 77 10038. 86-0. 2332 36053. 39 7949. 41-0. 4164 36625. 85 6655. 32-1. 0183 40480. 05 10642. 59-0. 3049 35709. 03 8222. 37-0. 4110 36992. 80 8873. 60-0. 3824 25142. 70 8220. 38-0. 6608 32822. 42 6963. 48-1. 0398 24384. 13 3878. 50-1. 3076 33262. 62 7623. 68-0. 7993 30755. 63 6218. 53-1. 0513 31355. 25 6554. 61-0. 9910 38890. 40 8835. 60-0. 4444

2 55 1269 331 228 348 224 2 HAZ 3 Becker Grossman U c n s n d = φ c + n α βf s ν q s + f 1 - s ν q d 1 c n s n d n = n s + n d 0 < α < 1 β f s s = n s /n f 0 = 0 f 1 = 1 q s q d βf s f 1 - s 1 q = Q ω ω ν q Q ω p n n + ω s n s + ω d n d + c = I 3 c 1 p n ω s ω d φ' c - λ = 0 n α βf s ν' q s q s / ω s - λn s = 0 n α f 1 - s ν' q d q d / ω d - λn d = 0 5 βν' q s q s / ω s = λ 6 ν' q d q d / ω d = λ β 1 2 α - 1 βν' q s q s / ω s = λ λ α < 12 α - 1 < 1ν q Q ω q q s n s s = 0. 52 α βf 0. 5 ν' q s q s / ω s = λ f 0. 5 λ q s 0. 5 4 OLS OLS Koenker Bassett 1978 2 3 4 5 6

56 36 Φ 0 < Φ < 1 2008 2008 1 2 3 4 OLS 5 OLS Y = α + βx 1 + θx 2 + γx 3 + ε Y HAZ X 1 X 2 X 3 ε α 70% 7 7 1 1 3 HAZ 50 75 7

2 57 Table 3 3 2009 HAZ Regression Result of HAZ of Children 2009 OLS 25 50 75 0. 0485609 *** 0. 0487703 *** 0. 0545328 *** 0. 0548571 *** 0. 0269209 *** 0. 0224396 *** 0. 0319016 *** 0. 03202 *** 0. 016367 0. 035336 ** 0. 0044372 0. 008093-0. 0081584-0. 014246 0. 0027959-0. 0088629 0. 1419017 0. 1183534 0. 137615 * 0. 0313669 * 0. 0003655 0. 0004039 0. 000005-0. 00003 0. 5036983 * 0. 5570654 ** 0. 3187398 * 0. 5892585 *** 0. 1141258 *** 0. 0891046 ** 0. 0966634 *** 0. 1097564 *** - 0. 0040082 0. 0007644-0. 0170179 *** - 0. 0333934 *** 0. 1391052 *** 0. 0547104 * 0. 128138 ** 0. 0593677 * 0. 4383299 *** 0. 3601916 ** 0. 460154 *** 0. 5541159 *** 0. 0564241 0. 1515982 * 0. 0875808 0. 1784223 ** - 0. 1103203 * - 0. 1355475 * - 0. 1304473 ** - 0. 2091515 ** 0. 6457338 *** 0. 6111077 *** 0. 4232977 * 0. 428116 ** 0. 6535561 *** 0. 4357739 *** 0. 4694412 * 0. 5023262 *** 0. 33 0. 0264049-0. 0016255-0. 061612 0. 112649 0. 4 1. 456052 ** 1. 287894 *** 1. 012933 * 1. 528186 *** 0. 5-0. 0169409-0. 084135-0. 0873596-0. 0847693 0. 67 0. 6527848 *** 0. 6825202 *** 0. 2899503 0. 4301422-14. 09602-14. 05003-15. 26211-14. 81836 *** t 1% ** t 5% * t 10% HAZ OLS 50 75 OLS

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