ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ Ανώτατο Εκπαιδευτικό Ίδρυμα Πειραιά Τεχνολογικού Τομέα Ξενόγλωσση Τεχνική Ορολογία Ενότητα: Principles of an Internal Combustion Engine Παναγιώτης Τσατσαρός Τμήμα Μηχανολόγων Μηχανικών ΤΕ
Άδειες Χρήσης Το παρόν εκπαιδευτικό υλικό υπόκειται σε άδειες χρήσης Creative Commons. Για εκπαιδευτικό υλικό, όπως εικόνες, που υπόκειται σε άλλου τύπου άδειας χρήσης, η άδεια χρήσης αναφέρεται ρητώς. Χρηματοδότηση Το παρόν εκπαιδευτικό υλικό έχει αναπτυχθεί στα πλαίσια του εκπαιδευτικού έργου του διδάσκοντα. Το έργο «Ανοικτά Ακαδημαϊκά Μαθήματα στο Ανώτατο Εκπαιδευτικό Ίδρυμα Πειραιά Τεχνολογικού Τομέα» έχει χρηματοδοτήσει μόνο την αναδιαμόρφωση του εκπαιδευτικού υλικού. Το έργο υλοποιείται στο πλαίσιο του Επιχειρησιακού Προγράμματος «Εκπαίδευση και Δια Βίου Μάθηση» και συγχρηματοδοτείται από την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση (Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινωνικό Ταμείο) και από εθνικούς πόρους. 2
1. Exercise A: Finding out facts... 4 2. Exercises B: Word meaning in context... 6 3
1. Exercise A: Finding out facts 1. An internal combustion engine is a machine that a) uses heat to create mechanical energy b) converts heat energy to mechanical energy c) converts mechanical energy to heat energy d) uses mechanical energy to create heat 2. The difference in operation between an internal and an external combustion engine lies in a) the way the piston moves b) the pressure to the cylinder c) the production of steam d) the compression of fuel 3. When the gas cannot expand a) it is compressed b) it is heated c) its temperature increases d) its pressure increases 4. What action forces the piston downward during the operation of an internal combustion engine? a) Compression of the air-fuel mixture b) Intake of the air-fuel mixture c) Expansion of the heated gases d) Exhaust of waste gases 5. Reciprocating motion is changed to rotary motion in the combustion engine by means of a a) piston pin and a connecting rod b) flywheel and a crankshaft c) cylinder and a piston d) crankshaft and a connecting rod 6. Power is developed in an internal combustion engine by a) gas expansion b) fuel-air combustion c) crankshaft rotation d) piston movement 7. What are the basic parts of a one-cylinder engine? a) Cylinder, camshaft, valves, piston, piston pin, connecting rod, and crankshaft b) Cylinder, valves, piston, piston pin, connecting rod, and crankshaft c) Cylinder, piston, piston pin, connecting rod, and crankshaft d) Cylinder, piston, connecting rod, and crankshaft 8. Reciprocating motion in a one-cylinder engine results from a) the cylinder movement in the engine b) the rotary motion of the crankshaft c) the piston movement in the cylinder d) the fuel burning in the cylinder 4
9. What is the ratio of crankshaft revolutions to piston strokes in a one-cylinder engine? a) 1 to 1 b) 2 to 1 c) 1 to 2 d) 4 to 2 10. Which of the following combinations of steps is appropriate for the production of rotation in a one-cylinder engine? a. 4.3.2,1 b. 1,2,3,4 c. 2,1,3,4 d. 3,1,4,2 1. the upper end of the connecting rod moves downward 2. the throw rotates the crankshaft 3. the piston slides downward 4. the lower end of the connecting rod moves in a circular motion 11. Which of the following actions occurs during the second stroke in the sequence of strokes in a four-stroke cycle engine? a) The air-fuel mixture is compressed b) The piston moves downward c) The waste gases are exhausted d) The air-fuel mixture is ignited 12. At what point in the cycle of a four-stroke cycle engine does ignition occur? a) At the end of the compression stroke b) At the beginning of the intake c) During the power stroke d) At the beginning of the compression stroke 13. During which stroke in the operating cycle of a four-stroke cycle engine is the greatest force exerted on the piston? a) Intake b) Compression c) Power d) Exhaust 14. In what order do the strokes of a four- stroke cycle engine occur during operation? a) Compression, power, exhaust, intake b) Compression, power, intake, exhaust c) Intake, compression, power, exhaust d) Intake, compression, exhaust, power 15. At what point in the cycle of a four-stroke engine do both the pressure and the temperature of the air-fuel mixture increase? a) At the end of the compression stroke b) At the beginning of the compression stroke c) At the end of the intake stroke d) During the power stroke 5
2. Exercises B: Word meaning in context Look back in the text and find words that match the following: 1. leads to, causes 2. moving back and forth 3. possible, capable 4. thus, so 5. marks 6. needs 7. series, order 8. proportion 9. push 10. release, discharge Now look back in the text and find words that have an opposite meaning to the following: 1. unimportant, unnecessary 2. condenses, contracts 3. free, released 4. movable, mobile 5. complete, whole 6. pulls, attracts 7. nonflammable 8. blown out, extinguished 6