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$ s$bt W b R$8s R \w1 > b 1 D wrd i s } BIZ{ I Ak Y {Ystt j R$8s$Bt sjb $Y8 sti ZR I wsp s}} B} $s I j $Bt BP }$jb Rk8ABjR sti I $t j s%$td Ak Y Z AB I {BI IZ $t $ s$bt wr L D WB Ys $P Y tb 8sj$9 I PsI s W Q x X $R RjBb ww Q x X cc D sti $P Y hj R$9 $R RZ^{$ tjk R8sjj w cc ww Q x X D D Y hj {B ^{$ tr s sjj s}} B-$T 8s jk JZsj yyy! _Ystt j hr'9sc j 7 73 wd V ]Ystt j ps$t er$8s$bt yp Y str8$ I R JZ t{ \r > i b,tbbt s Y T { $% Y t Y A R j$t s 8$t$8Z8 8 sttrjzs B w7ed R$8s BP Y {B8}j - {Ystt j s$t $R PBZtI s{t {B I$t B >(H > ) u b1j 3 7)u b1j j 7 r >7 >7, by $R Y R$9 BP Y hj wsrrz8 I B A BIID sti j 7 $R s R BP hj {B ^{$ tr PBZtI Ak RBj%$t Y G$ t T<B}P JZs$BtR WB Ys Y Btjk %sjz R BP \r > i Ys s,tbbt s Y { $% st} $B $ s Y }$jb Rk8ABjR {szr $ $R srrz8 I Ys Y {Ystt j $R RjBbjk %s k$t s BBI s}} B-$8s$Bt B w;d {st A PBZtI ZR$t > ) u b1j 3 7)u b1j j 7 r w>7d, by b w>7d $R Y { $% I %sjz BP Y }$jb Rk8ABj jb{s I {jbr R B >7 ejzs$bt wxd $R ZR I Ak Y { $% B {B8}Z Y $t$t $sj R BP {Ystt j s$t R$8s R w(d > 3B Y $ s$% { $% ht I {Ystt j R$8s R s PBZtI PB Rk( ZR$t wrd > ) u b1j 3 7)u b1j + w;d wxd j 7 r wrd >7 >73 wed yt Y sab% JZs$Bt r wrd >7 ) r by t w>7d $R Y $ti - BP s }$jb Rk8ABj BY b$r $ $R Y $t j s% I Rk8ABj R$8s bybr %sjz I } tir Bt Y tsz BP Y tbtj$t s $k $t 3$ 1 3B Ys ITI {$R$Bt P IAs{, Y tbtj$t s $k B} s R s{{b I$t B >H? wrd 7 ) l $P wrd $P wrd 7 k ( 7 ( yp Bt Y BY YstI RBPTI {$R$Bt P IAs{, $R I R$ I Y t >1H? wrd 7 ) sty wd X wrd ~ 7 1 3 wmd yp Y s}} B-$8s$Bt BP wd $R ZR I b$y JZsj$k Y t Y hj $R s R$8}j 8B%$t s% s wvd qy A t h BP ZR$t s 8B%$t s% s $R Ys $ $R R$8}j Yst s G$ t hj sti IB R tb JZ$,tBbj I BP Y PsI s B szb{b T js$bt BP Y {Ystt j WB$R zs $st{ er$8s$bt WB$R %s $st{ R$8s$Bt sti $R & { Bt Y } PB T 8st{ BP Z AB {BI R YsR A t st $8}B st B}${ BP $t T R $t Y j$ sz 7 % sj RZI$ R $jjzr s Y R tr$$%$k BP tb$r %s $st{ R$8s B R Bt } PB 8st{ >nh sti } R t %s $BZR Aj$tI R$8sB R >;H >xh qy {BtR trzr BP Y R RZI$ R $R Ys Y } PB 8st{ BP Z AB {BI R $R tb - 8 jk R tr$$% B tb$r %s $st{ R$8s$Bt B R yt }s ${Zjs R$8s$Bt B R Ys s j RR Yst sabz n I IB tb tb${ sajk I si Y Z AB {BI :R } PB 8st{ qb I 8$t Y tb$r %s $st{ h R srrz8 Ys Y R BP {Ystt j s$tr \ > i sti str8$ I Rk8ABjR \r > i s,tbbt s Y { $% qy t PB 8 Y stib8 %s $saj F > ) r > > > w(d ) r > z > 3 wd qy R JZ t{ \F > i $R YZR s R BP $ti } ti t pszrr$st stib8 %s $saj R b$y 9 B 8 st sti %s $st{ 1 qy A R R$8s BP 1 {st A PBZtI Ak R$8}jk s,$t Y Rs8}j %s $st{ BP F >!P {BZ R \ > i sti \r > i s tb } P {jk,tbbt s Y { $% Vs$t srrz8$t Ys Y {Ystt j $R RjBbjk %s k$t wd {st A s}} B-$8s I Ak F > ) r w>d w>d, w1d by w>d $R Y R$8s I {Ystt j s$t srrb{$s I b$y Y }$jb Rk8ABj jb{s I {jbr R B > qy Rs8}j %s $st{ BP w1d $R ZR I Ak Y { $% B I 8$t Y $t$$sj tb$r %s $st{ R$8s w 1 D w(d qy $ s$% { $% {B8}Z R Y tb$r %s $st{ sp s{y $ s$bt Rk( Ak {sj{zjs$t Y Rs8}j %s $st{ BP F wrd > ) r wrd > > wrd > 3 wnd qyzr Y %s $st{ R$8sB ZR R Y BZ}Z BP Y {YstT t j s$t R$8sB sjbt b$y Y ts$% I {$R$BtR BP Y Z AB I {BI sti,tbbj I BP Y }$jb Rk8ABjR
V 7$8Zjs$Bt * R{ $}$Bt yz! 6'9Zjs'Ct 6ZIk qy } PB 8st{ BP Y } B}BR I { $% R Z{Z R sti {Ystt j R$8sB R bsr I 8$t I Ak R$8Zjs$Bt G {BtT R$I I s Z AB {BI {B8}BR I BP bb s b1 {BtR s$t j ty ; i7] t{bi R w P IAs{, t sb wxd L sti P IT PB bs I t sb wd L D qy Z}} t{bi :R jj$r bsr 8$ts I b$y n s$j A$R by$j Y jbb t{bi :R jj$r bsr j P B} t V U ) 1x( A$ 7T stib8 $t j s% >EH b$y C ) 1( bsr ZR I $t {Bt`Zt{$Bt b$y P s8 R BP 1; Iss A$R sti n s$j A$R Vt B% sjj {BI s BP ) b1 bsr s{y$ % I Ak I j $t Y % t $ti - I }s $k A$R P B8 Y Z}} t{bi sti BII $ti - I }s $k A$R P B8 Y jbb t{bi qy {Ystt j $t j s% I }Y bsr x( sti bsr $8T }j 8 t I b$y s x( Ak x( 8s $- w$ `ZR Bt {BI bb I $R $t j s% I s s $8 D 7jBb PsI$t bsr srrz8 I sti bb tb 8sj$9 I PsI s R b {BtR$I IU W Q x X )(3((x sti W Q x X )(3(1 qy RjBb PsI s {B R}BtIR B s k}${sj I$$sj { jjzjs RkR 8 B}T s$t s (( <9 b$y 1,AsZI Rk8ABj s sti s jt s$% 8BA$j % jb{$k BP s}} B-$8s jk ( 8}Y by$j Y PsR {BI s {B R}BtIR B s _]7 RkR 8 B} s$t s p<9 b$y E,AsZI Rk8ABj s sti ( 8}Y 8BA$j % T jb{$k qb j% I {BI $ s$btr b } PB 8 I ZR$t Y jbtv_ sjb $Y8 >H etbzy $sjr b Zt B t s ;( $ti } ti t P s8 B R PB s{y %sjz BP o K b] L {BtR$IT I ]B8}s $RBt BP i { }$Bt q {Yt$JZ R 3$ n sti ; {B8}s Y ei } PB 8st{ BP h% strt 8$RR$Bt sti { }$Bt {Yt$JZ R PB Y tb 8sj$9 I PsI s R BP W Q x X )(3((x sti W Q x X )(3(1 R} {$% jk 3B s{y hz s Ps8$jk BP h% {Z % R RYBb$t ei %R o K b] L $R RYBbt 3 B8 8BR }Bb ^{$ t B j sr }Bb ^{$ t Y R {Z % R s wd } PB 8st{ ZR$t $I sj _7 w$ } P { {Ystt j R$8s RD w1d } PB 8st{ ZR$t _7V b$y $ s$% R$8s$Bt sti RBPTI {$R$Bt P IAs{, wnd } T PB 8st{ ZR$t _7V b$y $ s$% R$8s$Bt sti Ys IT I {$R$Bt P IAs{, w;d } PB 8st{ ZR$t _7V b$y tb P IAs{, P B8 I {BI B R$8sB sti wxd *_7 b$y tb {Ystt j R$8s$Bt 3B Y Y {Z % R $t Y 8$IIj BP s{y hz }$jb Rk8ABjR s 8Zj$}j - I $tb Y strt 8$ I R s8 3B Y RjBb PsI s w3$ nd s }$jb Rk8ABj R}s{$t BP - ) 1 bsr ZR I by$j PB Y PsR PsI s w3$ ;D - ) 3B Y RjBb PsI s wd YBjIR sti YZR Y {Ystt j R$8s$Bt hj $R $8}j 8 t I b$y s 8B%$t s% s 3B Y PsR PsI s wd IB R tb YBjI sti YZR s G$ t hj 8ZR A ZR I 3B ABY PsI s R Y R$9 BP Y {Ystt j R$8sB bsr ) E qy {YB${ BP hj k} }$jb Rk8ABj R}s{$t sti hj R$9 b 8sI Bt Y AsR$R BP s R BP R$8Zjs$BtR Ys -}jb I Y 10 1 10 0 10 5 DSPK: no estimates PSAM: no feeback PSAM: har ecision feeback PSAM: soft ecision feeback BPSK: perfect estimates 10 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Eb/No in B 3$Z nu ]B8}s $RBt BP {BI I A$ B } PB 8st{ % RZR o K b] L PB R % sj str8$rr$bt\ { }$Bt {Yt$JZ R B% s {B8}j - iskj $Y 4s PsI$t {Ystt j b$y tb 8sj$9 I PsI s W Q x X )(3((x sti AjB{, {Ystt j $t j s%$t $8}s{ BP Y R }s s8 R 7 % sj BAR %s$btr {st A 8sI P B8 3$ n sti ; 3$ R Y } PB 8st{ BP ABY $I sj _7 sti *_7 $8T } B% R b$y $t{ sr$t PsI s 3B $trst{ Y ei $R ( ; s ;n I PB $I sj _7 s Y RjBb PsI s AZ Btjk s nxm I PB Y PsR PsI s qy$r I$& t{ {st A s $AZ I B Y sa$j$k BP Y {Ystt j $t j s% B A T A s, Z} {B js I PsI$t PB Y PsR PsI s >xh qyzr Y {Ystt j B R PB Y PsR PsI s s 8B stib8jk I$R $AZ I s Y $t}z B Y I {BI sti } T PB 8st{ $R $8} B% I VtBY BAR %s$bt $R Ys Y ZR BP *_7 b$y I$& t$sj I {$Bt $8}BR R s R % tbt{by T t {B8A$t$t } tsjk BP s}} B-$8s jk ;; I PB ABY PsI s R s s ei BP ( ; by${y s R b$y Y BAR %s$btr 8sI $t >nh _ PB 8st{ {st A $8} B% I B% Y *_7 {sr Ak ZR$t _7V GY t _7V $R ZR I b$ybz stk P IT As{, P B8 I {BI B R$8sB } PB 8st{ $R $8} B% I Ak x I s Y RjBb PsI s sti ( I s Y PsR PsI s ws ei ( ; D qy$r } PB 8st{ $8} B% 8 t {st A - ti I Ak $t{b }B s$t P IAs{, P B8 Y I {BI B Y R$8sB <s ITI {$R$Bt P IAs{, } B%$I R st sii$$btsj M I BP {BI$t s$t B% _7V b$ybz P IAs{, s ABY PsI s R 7BPTI {$R$Bt P IAs{, $8} B% R } PB 8st{ Ak st sii$$btsj (x I B% Ys ITI {$R$Bt P IAs{, wss$t s ABY PsI s RD y $R $8}B st B tb Ys PB sjj Y _7VTAsR I {Yt$JZ R s tb${ saj ei 4BB s sabz ( x $R } R t qy$r ei 4BB $R Y$Y Yst Y ei 4BB t{bzt I Ak $I sj _7 Ak sabz st B I BP 8st$ZI qy$r ei 4BB $R s}}s tjk IZ B R$IZsj B $t Y R$8s$Bt
10 1 10 0 DSPK: no estimates PSAM: no feeback PSAM: har ecision feeback PSAM: soft ecision feeback BPSK: perfect estimates har ecision feeback soft ecsion feeback 10 5 10 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Eb/No in B 3$Z ;U ]B8}s $RBt BP {BI I A$ B } PB 8st{ % RZR o K b] L PB R % sj str8$rr$bt\ { }$Bt {Yt$JZ R B% s {B8}j - iskj $Y 4s PsI$t {Ystt j b$y tb 8sj$9 I PsI s W Q x X )(3(1 sti AjB{, {Ystt j $t j s%$t } B{ RR!Z R$8Zjs$BtR RYBb Ys Y 8 st RJZs I T B w7ed BP Y R$8sB IB R tb B B 9 B % t PB Y RBPTI {$R$Bt P IAs{, I {BI 7$t{ b Btjk R$8s Bt s P s8 TAkTP s8 AsR$R Y Rk8ABjR s Y A $tt$t sti ti BP Y P s8 ti B Ys% }BB R$8s R sti YZR $8T }BR s jbb j$8$ Bt Y } PB 8st{ BP Y R$8sB qy R$8sB } PB 8st{ {BZjI A $8} B% I Ak ZR$t {Ystt j R$8s R P B8 si`s{ t P s8 R by${y bbzji $t Z t jbb Y ei 4BB 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Pilot symbol spacing M 3$Z xu $ B } PB 8st{ sr s PZt{$Bt BP }$jb Rk8T ABj R}s{$t - PB s Z AB {BI I RkR 8 B} s$t B% s iskj $Y PsI$t {Ystt j b$y W Q x X )(3((x sti o K b] L );3x I ] yt4z t{ BP _$jb 7k8ABj 7}s{$t qy $t4z t{ BP Y }$jb Rk8ABj R}s{$t - Bt ei } PB 8st{ $R $jjzr s I $t 3$ x sti E PB Y tb 8sj$9 I PsI s R BP W Q x X )(3((x sti W Q x X )(3(1 R} {$% jk es{y {Z % {B8}s R Y } PB 8st{ BP Ys ITI {$R$Bt P IT As{, b$y RBPTI {$R$Bt P IAs{, yt s{y {sr Y R$tsjT BTtB$R s$b $R h- I s o K b] L );3xI sti Y R$9 BP Y {Ystt j R$8s$Bt hj $R ) E 3B Y RjBb PsI s s 8B%$t s% s $R ZR I by$j PB Y PsR PsI s s G$ t hj $R ZR I es{y BP Y R {Z % R s, R Bt s ABbj RYs} 3B jbb %sjz R BP } PB 8st{ $R }BB A T {szr st Ztt { RRs $jk js }B $Bt BP Y B% sjj t k $R A $t I %B I B Y str8$rr$bt BP }$jbr V h R } T PB 8st{ $8} B% R b$y $t{ sr$t A {szr Y t k } {Ystt j Rk8ABj o X ) o K w- Db- $t{ sr R <BbT % PB js %sjz R BP } PB 8st{ A $tr B I si b$y $t{ sr$t A {szr Y }$jb Rk8ABj $tr $Bt s $R tb jbt RZ^{$ t B s{, Y {Ystt j V{{B I$t B Y WkJZ$R 7s8}j$t qy B 8 Y }$jb Rk8ABj $tr $Bt s p - )bw-x X D 8ZR A s j sr b${ Y AstIb$IY BP Y har ecision feeback soft ecsion feeback 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Pilot symbol spacing M 3$Z EU $ B } PB 8st{ sr s PZt{$Bt BP }$jb Rk8T ABj R}s{$t - PB s Z AB {BI I RkR 8 B} s$t B% s iskj $Y PsI$t {Ystt j b$y W Q x X )(3(1 sti o K b] L );3x I
PsI$t } B{ RR qy$r $8}j$ R Ys PB W Q x X )(3((x -c(( sti PB W Q x X )(3(1 -c1x <Bb % $t } s{${ Y A R }$jb Rk8ABj R}s{$t 8sk A R$t$h{stjk jbb Yst Y j$8$ $8}BR I Ak Y 7s8}j$t qy B 8!Z R$8Zjs$Bt RZjR $ti${s Ys Y A R }$jb Rk8ABj R}s{$tR s $t Y st - 1x PB Y RjBb s sti - n PB Y PsR s!t Y AsR$R BP Y R {Z % R b Ys% R j { I B ZR - ) 1 PB Y RjBb PsI s sti - ) PB Y PsR s y $R $t R$t B tb Ys Y RkR 8 $R 8B PB $%$t s Y RjBb PsI s $t Y R tr Ys Y st BP s{{ }saj $R js Yst $ $R PB Y PsR PsI s z! _Ct{jZR'Ct qz AB {BI R {st A {BY tjk I { I B% 4sTPsI$t {Ystt jr b$y Y Y j} BP }$jb Rk8ABjR * s8s${ } PB T 8st{ $8} B% 8 tr {st A s{y$ % I Ak $ s$% jk R$8sT $t Y {Ystt j sti I {BI$t Y Z AB {BI y s$% R$T 8s$Bt sti I {BI$t {st A $8}j 8 t I ZR$t $Y Ys IT I {$R$Bt B RBPTI {$R$Bt P IAs{, b$y RBPTI {$R$Bt P IT As{, BZ} PB 8$t Ys ITI {$R$Bt Ak sabz (x I qy }$jb Rk8ABj R}s{$t YsR s 8s`B Bj $t I 8$t$t Y B% sjj } PB 8st{ BP Y RkR 8 qbb 8stk }$jb Rk8ABjR RZj $t bsr I t k AZ BB P b j$8$r Y sa$j$k BP Y R$T 8sB B s{, Y {Ystt j!t I sbas{, BP Y } B}BR I RkR 8 $R Ys Y ei 4BB $R sabz st B I BP 8st$ZI Y$Y Yst Ys BP s Z AB {BI I RkR 8 b$y $I sj _7 I {$Bt <Bb % Y$R 4BB 8sk A IZ{ I Ak AB Bb$t {Ystt j R$8s R P B8 si`s{ t P s8 R i P t{ R >H ] BZ V pjs%$ Z- sti _ qy$$8sr`ry$8s XW s 7YsttBt j$8$ B T{B {$t {BI$t sti I {BI$tU qz ABT{BI RwD" $t _ B{ yeee yt ]BtP Bt ]B8T 8Zt wp t %s 7b$9 jstid }} (E;u(( sk n >1H e <sjj sti 7 p G$jRBt X* R$t sti stsjkr$r BP Z AB {BI R Bt iskj $Y PsI$t {Ystt jr" yeee F 7 T j { V sr ]B88Zt %Bj E }} E(u; 3 A M >nh e <sjj sti 7 p G$jRBt XqZ AB {BI R PB tbt{bt Y t {Ystt jr" $t _ B{ yeee pn! e]! ]B8T 8Zt${s$Bt qy B k $t$t]btp t{ w_yb t$- VD }} EEu( WB% >;H _ <B Y sti F NBI XqZ AB *_7 U y s$% I$& T t$sj _7 I 8BIZjs$Bt sti {Ystt j I {BI$t" yeee q str ]B88Zt %Bj ; }} MnuM;n FZt >xh F ]s% R XVt stsjkr$r BP }$jb Rk8ABj srr$r I 8BIZjs$Bt PB iskj $Y PsI$t {Ystt jr" yeee q str z Y q {Y %Bj ;( }} EMEuEn WB% >EH NT* F t O q 7Z sti FTq ]Y$st X_ PB 8st{ BP Z AB {BI R $t 8Zj$}sY PsI$t {Ystt jr" $t _ B{ yeee z Y q {Y ]BtP w!sbs ]stsisd }} EuEx sk M >H ] B88$ts,$R sti i * G RR j X_$jBTs$I I `B$t $ s$% Iss sti {Ystt j R$8s$Bt $t 4s iskj $Y PsI$t" $t _ B{ yeee pn! e]! ]B88Zt${s$Bt qy B k $t$t]btp t{ wi$b I Fst B s9$jd * { >MH ] zsj t$ sti * GB t Xi ht I {Ystt j RT $8s$Bt PB {BY t I {$Bt BP Z AB {BI R B% 4sT PsI$t {Ystt jr" ej { Bt${R N R %Bj n; }} E;Mu E; VZ 1( M >H G ] Fs, R BA$j ${ Bbs% ]B88Zt${s$Bt W b OB,U FBYt G$j k m 7BtR ; >(H ] G qy $ t *$R{ istib8 7$tsjR sti 7s$R$T {sj 7$tsj _ B{ RR$t _ t${ <sjj 1 >H ] zsj t$ sti * GB t XV AstIb$IY PT h{$ t }$jb Rk8ABj {Yt$JZ PB {BY t I {$Bt BP Z AB {BI R B% PsI$t {Ystt jr" $t _ B{ yeee ynt ]! wvjst${ ]$k WFD WB% >1H 7stI jj ] NZR{Y$ _ 7 sz{y sti i Ost Xy st $% {Ystt j R$8s$Bt ZR$t RBP I {$R$Bt P IAs{," $t _ B{ yeee pn! e]! w7kit k VZR sj$sd WB% M >nh V FB Ist sti i V W${YBjR XqY & {R BP {Ystt j {Ys s{ $R${R Bt Z AB {BI } PB 8st{ " $t _ B{ yeee yn]! }} u1 E >;H q V 7Z88 R sti 7 p G$jRBt X7Wi 8$R8s{Y sti Btj$t R$8s$Bt $t Z AB I {BI$t" yeee q str ]B88Zt %Bj ;E }} ;1u;1n V} $j M >xh ] zsj t$ sti * GB t X_ PB 8st{ BP Z AB {BI R $t $t j s% I 4s PsI$t {Ystt jr b$y R$T 8s I {Ystt j Rs $tpb 8s$Bt" $t _ B{ yeee z Y q {Y ]BtP w!sbs ]stsisd }} EEu( sk M >EH 7 *Bj$ts sti * *$%Rsjs XG $Y I$R $AZ$BtR PB Z AB {BI R ZR$t stib8 sti tbt stib8 } 8ZsT $BtR" F_N q*v _ B RR i }B %Bj ;1 }} xeuex VZ xy x >H _ iba RBt _ <B Y sti e z$jj A Zt X!}$8sj sti RZATB}$8sj 8s-$8Z8 s }BR $B $ sjb $Y8R RZ$T saj PB Z AB I {BI$t" ez B} st q str Bt q j {B8T 8Zt %Bj M }} u1x s \V}