GEORGE PSACHAROPOULOS

GEORGE PSACHAROPOULOS E-mail: gpsach@erols.com Mailing address: Web page: http://users.erols.com/gpsach 5 Kasou Street Tel: + 30-10-867-0948 Athens 113 64 Fax: + 30-10-865-8806 Greece EDUCATION Ph.D. in Economics, University of Chicago, 1968 M.A. in Economics, University of Chicago, 1966 B.A. in Economics, Athens School of Business and Economics, 1960 FIELDS Economics of Education, Educational Planning, Human Resources Microeconomic Theory, Labor Economics, Project Evaluation Poverty Alleviation, Social Safety Nets LANGUAGES English, French, Spanish, Greek DISTINCTIONS State MP, Greek Parliament, April 2000 elections Over 500 citations in the Social Sciences Citation Index Outstanding Scholarship Award, Comparative and International Education Society, 1982 Listed in Who's Who in Economics: A Biographical Dictionary of Major Economists, 1700-1983, by Mark Blaug. MIT Press, 1986. Third edition, Edward Elgar, 1999. Executive Director, Comparative and International Education Society, 1983-1987 Honorary Editor, International Encyclopedia of Education, 2nd edition Lauwerys Lecture, Comparative Education Society in Europe, 1992 EXPERIENCE Teaching Visiting Professor of Economics, University of Athens, 1998- Lecturer in Economics, London School of Economics, 1971-1981 Visiting Lecturer, School of Education, University of Chicago, 1974 Assistant Professor of Economics, University of Hawaii, 1968-1969 External Examiner, Open University, UK, 1976-1982

2 Positions State MP, Hellenic Parliament, 2000- Visiting Professor of Economics, Athens University, 1998-2000 Managing Director, Foundation of Economic and Industrial Research (IOBE), Athens, Greece, 1999-2000 Senior Advisor to the Vice President, Human Capital and Operations Policy, The World Bank, 1993-1998. Chief, Human Resources Division (1987-91), Senior Human Resources Advisor (1991-92), Latin America Technical Department, The World Bank. Director, Comparative Study on Poverty, Equity and Growth, The World Bank, 1987-1989 (with Deepak Lal and Hla Myint). Education Research Advisor, 1981-82; Chief, Education Research Division, The World. Bank, 1983-87 Senior Research Officer, Higher Education Research Unit, 1969-1971; Consultant, Center for Labor Economics, London School of Economics, 1971-81. Director, Post-secondary Education Study Team, Greek Ministry of Education, 1976-78. (with A. Kazamias). Economist, Economic Research Center, University of Hawaii, 1968-69 -- Joint appointment with the Department of Economics, University of Hawaii. Consultant The World Bank, 2000. European Commission, 1999. United States Department of Labor, 1999. European Investment Bank, 1998. The World Bank, Education Department, 1979-81. Unesco, International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP) and Division for Educational Policy and Planning, 1974-81. OECD, Development Center and Directorate for Scientific Affairs, 1970-81. ILO, World Employment Program, 1971-72. USAID and Center for Research on Economic Development, University of Michigan, 1972. Llewelyn-Davies, Development Planners, 1971. Commission on Manpower and Full Employment, State of Hawaii, 1969. Systems Management Office, University of Hawaii, 1969. Journal Editor The Economics of Education Review, Associate Editor, 1981-.. The World Bank Research Observer, Founding Editor, 1985-86. The Education-Psychology Encyclopedia (Greek edition), 1986-1990. The International Review of Education, Guest Editor, Vol. 34, No. 2, 1988. Higher Education (Netherlands), Guest Editor, Vol. 21, nos. 1 and 2, 1991. The Journal of Modern Greek Studies, Guest Editor, Vol. 13, No. 2, 1995. The Journal of Educational Planning and Administration, 1995-..

3 Referee American Economic Review, Economic Journal, Economica, De Economist, Economic Development and Cultural Change, Journal of Development Economics, Journal of Political Economy, Journal of Economic Literature, Review of Economic Studies, Journal of Public Economics, Journal of Human Resources, Comparative Education Review, Education Economics, Comparative Education, Journal of Development Areas, World Development, New Education, Modern Greek Studies, Higher Education, World Bank Economic Review, International Review of Education, Sociology of Education, Elsevier, Pergamon Press, Kluwer, Johns Hopkins University Press, Macmillan, Oxford University Press.,

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS by George Psacharopoulos

A. BOOKS 1 B. MONOGRAPHS 2 C. CHAPTERS IN EDITED WORKS 3 D. ENCYCLOPEDIA ENTRIES 6 E. JOURNAL SPECIAL ISSUES GUEST EDITOR 8 F. JOURNAL ARTICLES 8 H. TELEVISION PRODUCTIONS 19 I. PUBLICATIONS IN OTHER LANGUAGES 19 PUBLICATIONS IN SPANISH 19 PUBLICATIONS IN FRENCH 22 PUBLICATIONS IN PORTUGUESE 23 PUBLICATIONS IN GERMAN 24 PUBLICATIONS IN DUTCH 24 PUBLICATIONS IN ITALIAN 24 PUBLICATIONS IN RUSSIAN 25 PUBLICATIONS IN HUNGARIAN 25 PUBLICATIONS IN TURKISH 25 PUBLICATIONS IN GREEK 25 PUBLICATIONS IN ARABIC 28 PUBLICATIONS IN CHINESE 34

A. BOOKS Returns to Education: An International Comparison. Amsterdam: Elsevier; San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1973. Earnings and Education in OECD Countries. Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 1975. (Also published in French.) Information: An Essential Factor in Educational Planning and Policy (ed.). Paris: Unesco Press, 1980. Hints for Educational Planners: The IIEP Experience in Four LDC's (with B. Sanyal). Fundamentals for Educational Planning Series, no. 32. Paris: Unesco for International Institute for Educational Planning, 1981. Diversified Secondary Education and Development: Evidence from Colombia and Tanzania (with W. Loxley). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985. Education for Development: An Analysis of Investment Choices (with M. Woodhall). New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. (Also published in French and Spanish.) Education and Development in Greece: A Socioeconomic Study of Tertiary Education (with A. Kazamias). Athens: Greek Center for Social Research, 1985 (Also published in Greek). Economics of Education: Research and Studies (ed.). Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1987. The Financing of Education in Developing Countries: Exploration of Policy Options (with J. P. Tan and E. Jimenez). Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1986. (Also published in French and Spanish.) Essays on Poverty, Equity and Growth (ed.). Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1991. Women's Employment and Pay in Latin America: Overview and Methodology (with Z. Tzannatos). Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1992. (Also published in Spanish.) Women's Employment and Pay in Latin America: Country Case Studies (ed.) with Z. Tzannatos). Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1992. Human Resources in Latin America and the Caribbean: Priorities and Action (ed.). Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1993. (Also published in Spanish). Indigenous People and Poverty in Latin America: An Empirical Analysis (ed. with H. Patrinos). Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1994. Reprinted by Avebury Press, 1996. (Also published in Spanish, 1999). Building Human Capital for Better Lives. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1995.

2 The Role of Government and the Private Sector in Fighting Poverty (with Nguyen Xuan Nguyen). Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1997. Poverty and Income Distribution in Latin America: The Story of the Eighties (with S. Morley, A. Fiszbein, H. Lee and W. Wood). Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1997. (Also published in Spanish). B. MONOGRAPHS The Rate of Return to Investment in Education at the Regional Level. Honolulu: Economic Research Center, University of Hawaii, 1969. "Education and Work: An Evaluation and Inventory of Current Research." The Nature of Work and Educational Planning, Research Project on Employment. Paris: International Institute for Educational Planning, 1978. "Higher Education in Developing Countries: A Cost-Benefit Analysis." Staff Working Paper no. 440. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1980. "Higher Education Expenditures in OECD Countries." Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 1981. "Manpower Issues in Educational Investment: A Consideration of Planning Processes and Techniques" (with K. Hinchliffe, C. Dougherty and R. Hollister). Staff Working Paper no. 624. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1983. "Tracer Study Guidelines" (with K. Hinchliffe). Washington, DC: The World Bank, Education Department, 1983. "The Destination and Early Performance of Secondary School Graduates in Colombia: Evidence from the 1978 Cohort" (with A. Zabalza). Staff Working Paper no. 653. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1984. "The Financing of Higher Education in Latin America: Issues and Lines of Action" (with J. P. Tan and E. Jimenez). Education and Training Series, Discussion Paper no. EDT 32. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1986. "Earnings and Education in Brazil: Evidence from the 1980 Census." Education and Training Series, Discussion Paper no. EDT 90. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1987. "Foreign Debt and Domestic Spending: An International Comparison" (with F. Steir). Education and Training Series, Discussion Paper no. 91. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1987. "Studies on Implementation of African Educational Policies" (ed.). Discussion Paper Series nos. 83-91. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1990.

3 "Why Educational Policies Can Fail?" Discussion Paper, no. 82. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1990. "The Economic Impact of Education: Lessons for Policy Makers." San Francisco: International Center for Economic Growth, 1991. (Also published in Spanish.) "The Profitability of Investment in Education: Concepts and Methods." The World Bank, Human Capital Development and Operations Policy, Working Papers, no. 63, 1995. "RR Manual: Estimating Returns to Education." Washington, DC: The World Bank, Human Capital Development, 1996. "Human Capital Underdevelopment: The Worst Aspects" (with others). Washington, DC: The World Bank, Human Capital Development Working Papers, no. 76, 1996. The Opportunity Cost of Child Labor: A Survey of the Benefits of Education. Washington, DC: Bureau of International Labor Affairs, US Department of Labor. Background Paper, 1999. C. CHAPTERS IN EDITED WORKS "The Profitability of Higher Education: A Review of the Experience in Britain and the United States." In Contemporary Problems in Higher Education: An Account of Research, eds. H. J. Butcher and E. Rudd. London: McGraw-Hill, 1972: 361-71. "Manpower Forecasting in France." In The Practice of Manpower Forecasting, eds. B. Ahamad and M. Blaug. Amsterdam: Elsevier; San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1973: 77-105. "Earnings Determinants in a Mixed Labour Market, or the Premium for being a Foreigner." In Employment Problems and Policies in Developing Countries: The Case of Morocco, ed. W. van Rijckeghem. Rotterdam: Rotterdam University Press, 1976: 123-44. "Estimating some Key Parameters in the Brain Drain Taxation Model." In The Brain Drain and Taxation, ed. J. Bhagwati, II. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1976: 53-62. (Reprinted from The Journal of Development Economics, September 1975). "Investment in Education and Equality of Opportunity." In Educational Need in the Public Economy, eds. K. Alexander and K. F. Jordan. University of Florida Press, 1976: 35-63. "Family Background, Education and Achievement." In Economics and Education Policy: A Reader, eds. C. Baxter, P. J. O'Leary and A. Westoby. London: Longman, 1977: 310-24. (Reprinted from the British Journal of Sociology, September 1977.) "Measuring the Welfare Effects of Educational Policies." In Public Economics and Human Resources, eds. A. J. Culyer and V. Halberstadt. Proceedings of the 31st Congress of the International Institute of Public Finance, Cujas, 1977: 75-94. "Labour Market Duality and Income Distribution: The U.K. Case." In Personal Income Distribution, eds. W. Krelle and A. F. Shorrocks. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1978: 421-44.

4 "Conceptions and Misconceptions on Human Capital Theory." In Beitrage zur Theorie und Anwendung des Humankapitalansatzes, ed. Werner Clement (Hrsg.). Schriften des Vereins fur Socialpolitik, Neue Folge Band 1. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1980: 9-15. (Also published in Turkish). The Economics of Early Childhood Services. In Caring for Young Children. Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Center for Educational Research and Innovation, 1980: 187-224. "Education and Society: Old Myths versus New Facts." In The Mixed Economy, ed. Lord Roll. Proceedings of Section F of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. London: Macmillan, 1981: 145-61. "The Economics of Early Childhood Services: A Conceptual Framework and Some Empirical Dimensions." In Caring for Young Children. Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Center for Educational Research and Innovation, 1982: 187-231. "Education as an Investment." In Education and Development. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1983. (Reprinted from Finance & Development 19, no. 3, 1982: 11-14). "Long Range Educational Policy Planning Perspectives in OECD Countries: A Review of Issues and Policy Proposals" (with J. Tinbergen). In Educational Planning: A Reappraisal. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 1983: 250-333. (Also published in French.) "The Contribution of Education to Economic Growth: International Comparisons." In International Productivity Comparisons and the Causes of the Slowdown, ed. J. Kendrick. Ballinger for the American Enterprise Institute, 1984: 335-60. (Also published in Spanish.) "Forecasting the Needs for Qualified Manpower: Towards an Evaluation" (with M. Debeauvais). In Forecasting Skilled Manpower Needs, eds. R. V. Youdi and K. Hinchliffe. Paris: Unesco Press, 1985: 11-31. "Curriculum Diversification, Cognitive Achievement and Economic Performance: Evidence from Colombia and Tanzania." In Vocationalizing Education: An International Perspective, eds. J. Lauglo and K. Lillis. Oxford: Pergamon, 1987: 257-78. "Links between Education and the Labor Market: A Longer Term Perspective." In The Impact of a Changing Labor Force on Higher Education: Europe and the USA. New York: The Center for European Studies, City University of New York, 1987: 5-15. "Sex Discrimination in the Greek Labor Market." In Essays in Memory of Pindaros Christodoulopoulos, eds. G. C. Bitros and C. A. Davos. Athens: Papazisis, 1987: 500-20. "Future Trends and Issues in Education." In Perspective 2000. Ottawa: Economic Council of Canada, 1990: 221-38. (Also published in French.)

5 "Female Labor Force Participation and Education" (with Z. Tzannatos). In Essays on Poverty, Equity and Growth, ed. G. Psacharopoulos. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1991: 266-90. "Schooling and Equity" (with J. B. G. Tilak). In Essays on Poverty, Equity and Growth, ed. G. Psacharopoulos. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1991: 53-78. (Reprinted in T. Lakshmanasamy, ed. Economics of Human Behavior: Essays in Honor of A,M. Nalla Gounden. New Delhi: Allied Publishers, 1997: 155-181.) "The Contribution of Education to Economic Growth: International Comparisons." In The Economics of Education, ed. Mark Blaug. London: Edward Elgar, 1992: 470-90. (Reprinted from International Productivity Comparisons and the Causes of the Slowdown, ed. J. Kendrick. Ballinger, 1984.) "Education and Development: A Review." In Development Economics, Volume 11, ed. D. Lal. London: Edward Elgar, 1992: 356-73. (Reprinted from The World Bank Research Observer, 1988.) "The Effect of Education on Female Labor Force Participation and Earnings in Ecuador" (with G. Jakubson). In Women's Employment and Pay in Latin America: Country Case Studies, eds. G. Psacharopoulos and Z. Tzannatos. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1992: 255-71. "Female Participation and Earnings, Venezuela 1987" (with D. Cox). In Women's Employment and Pay in Latin America: Country Case Studies, eds. G. Psacharopoulos and Z. Tzannatos. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1992: 455-61. "Human Capital and Earnings: British Evidence and a Critique" (with R. Layard). In The Economics of Education, ed. Mark Blaug. London: Edward Elgar, 1992: 167-85. (Reprinted from The Review of Economic Studies, 1979.) "International Comparisons of Educational and Economic Indicators, Revisited" (with H.K. Lee). In The Economics of Education, ed. Mark Blaug. London: Edward Elgar, 1992: 375-84. (Reprinted from World Development, 1979.) "Returns to Education: an International Update and Implications." In The Economics of Education, ed. Mark Blaug. London: Edward Elgar, 1992: 102-23. (Reprinted from Journal of Human Resources, 1985.) "Returns to Education: an Updated International Comparison." In The Economics of Education, ed. Mark Blaug. London: Edward Elgar, 1992: 81-101. (Reprinted from Comparative Education, 1981.) "The Future of Higher Education Financing." In The Funding of Higher Education: International Perspectives, eds. P. Altbach and D.B. Johnstone. New York: Garland, 1993: 61-69. "Population Growth, Education and Employment in Latin America: With an Illustration from Bolivia" (with Sandra Rosenhouse, in Population Growth and Demographic Structure, Proceedings of the United Nations Expert Group Meeting on Population Growth and

6 Demographic Structure. New York: United Nations, ESA/P/WP.128, 1994: 205-228. (Also forthcoming as ST/ESA/SER.R/132). "From Manpower Planning to Labor Market Analysis." In New Approaches to Manpower Planning and Analysis. eds. P. Richards and R. Amjad Geneva: ILO, 1994: 15-25. (Reprinted from the International Labor Review 130, no. 4, 1991: 459-74.) "Income Inequality Trends in Latin America in the Eighties: A Decomposition Analysis" (with A. Fiszbein). In Coping with Austerity: Poverty and Inequality in Latin America, ed. N. Lustig. The Brookings Institution, 1995: 71-100. (Also forthcoming in Spanish). "Schooling and Equity" (with J. B. G. Tilak), in Economics of Human Behavior: Essays in Honor of A,M. Nalla Gounden, ed. T. Lakshmanasamy. New Delhi: Allied Publishers, 1997: 155-181. (Reprinted from Essays on Poverty, Equity and Growth, ed. G. Psacharopoulos. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1991: 53-78). "Suggestions for a liberal and equitable system of higher education." In D. Keridis and C. Sfatos, (eds.) Greek Higher Education: Prospects for Reform. Pella, 1998: 157-158. "Education." In Greece in Modern Times: An Annotated Bibliography of Works Published in English from 1900 to 1995, ed. Stratos Constantinidis. Scarecrow Press, 2000: 399-410. "The Economic costs of child labor," Appendix A in By the Sweat & Toil of Children. Volume VI. Bureau of International Labor Affairs, US Department of Labor, 2000: 69-95. D. ENCYCLOPEDIA ENTRIES "Economic Influences in Higher Education." In International Encyclopedia of Higher Education, ed. A. Knowles. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1977: 1344-49. "The Adelman Model." In International Encyclopedia of Education, eds. T. Husen and N. Postlethwaite. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1985: 50-51. "The Bowles Model." In International Encyclopedia of Education, eds. T. Husen and N. Postlethwaite. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1985: 508-10. "Cost-Benefit Analysis in Education." In International Encyclopedia of Education, eds. T. Husen and N. Postlethwaite. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1985: 1038-44. "Earnings Functions." In International Encyclopedia of Education, eds. T. Husen and N. Postlethwaite. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1985: 1505-10. "Economic Aspects of Educational Planning." In International Encyclopedia of Education, eds. T. Husen and N. Postlethwaite. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1985: 1525-28. "Earnings Foregone." In International Encyclopedia of Education, eds. T. Husen and N. Postlethwaite. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1985: 1505.

7 "Greece: System of Education." In International Encyclopedia of Education, eds. T. Husen and N. Postlethwaite. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1985: 2079-85. "The Interindustry Model." In International Encyclopedia of Education, eds. T. Husen and N. Postlethwaite. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1985: 2635-56. "The International Comparisons Model." In International Encyclopedia of Education, eds. T. Husen and N. Postlethwaite. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1985: 2649-51. "Linear Programming Models." In International Encyclopedia of Education, eds. T. Husen and N. Postlethwaite. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1985: 3085-56. "The Manpower Requirements Approach." In International Encyclopedia of Education, eds. T. Husen and N. Postlethwaite. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1985: 3204-08. "The Overtaking Year of Experience." In International Encyclopedia of Education, eds. T. Husen and N. Postlethwaite. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1985: 3735. "Shadow Wages and Shadow Rates of Return." In International Encyclopedia of Education, eds. T. Husen and N. Postlethwaite. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1985: 4564-65. "The Social Demand Approach." In International Encyclopedia of Education, eds. T. Husen and N. Postlethwaite. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1985: 4620-22. "The Social Welfare Function." In International Encyclopedia of Education, eds. T. Husen and N. Postlethwaite. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1985: 4661-62. "Synthetic Educational Planning Models." In International Encyclopedia of Education, eds. T. Husen and N. Postlethwaite. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1985: 4979-80. "The Tinbergen Model." In International Encyclopedia of Education, eds. T. Husen and N. Postlethwaite. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1985: 5273-74. "Greece." In Encyclopedia of Comparative Education and National Systems of Education, ed. N. Postlethwaite. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1988: 304-09. "Education and Wage Earnings" (with J. B. G. Tilak). In Encyclopedia of Educational Research, Sixth Edition, ed. Marvin Alkin. New York: Macmillan, 1992: 419-23. "Rate-of-Return Studies." In The Encyclopedia of Higher Education, eds. Burton R. Clark and Guy R. Neave, Volume 2. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1992: 999-1003. Economic Returns to Education Investments, (with H. Patrinos). In Encyclopedia of Education, 2 nd edition, ed. Stephen Heyneman. Mcmillan, 2002.

8 E. JOURNAL SPECIAL ISSUES GUEST EDITOR "Vocational Education." Special Issue of International Review of Education 34, no. 2 (1988). "Higher Education in Developing Countries." Special Issue of Higher Education (Netherlands) 21, nos. 1 and 2 (1991). "Education in Greece Today." Special Issue of the Journal of Modern Greek Studies 13 (October 1995): 169-249. F. JOURNAL ARTICLES "Estimating Shadow Rates of Return to Investment in Education." Journal of Human Resources 5, no. 1 (Winter 1970): 34-50. "On Some Positive Aspects of the Economics of the Brain Drain." Minerva 4, no. 2 (April 1971): 231-42. "The Economic Returns to Higher Education in Twenty-five Countries." Higher Education 1, no. 2 (1972): 141-58. "Further Evidence on the Elasticity of Substitution between Different Types of Educated Labour" (with K. Hinchliffe). Journal of Political Economy 80, no. 4 (July-August, 1972): 786-92. "The Marginal Contribution of Education to Economic Growth." Economic Development and Cultural Change 20, no. 4 (July 1972): 641-58. "Rates of Return on Investment in Education around the World." Comparative Education Review 16, no. 1 (February 1972): 54-67. "An Input-Output Model for the Assessment of Labour Skill Requirements." Higher Education 2, no. 3 (1973): 461-74. "A Note on the Demand for Enrollment in Higher Education." De Economist 121, no. 5 (September-October 1973): 521-25. "Public Sector Earnings and Educational Planning" (with G. Williams). International Labour Review 108, no. 1 (July 1973): 43-57. (Also published in French and Spanish.) "Substitution Assumptions versus Empirical Evidence in Manpower Planning." De Economist 121, no. 6 (November-December 1973): 609-25. "College Quality as a Screening Device?" Journal of Human Resources 9, no. 4 (Fall 1974): 556-558. "Jencks and Inequality." Comparative Education Review 18, no. 3 (October 1974): 446-50.

9 "The Screening Hypothesis and the Returns to Education" (with R. Layard). Journal of Political Economy 82, no. 5 (September-October 1974): 985-98. (Also published in Spanish, Revista Española de Economía, May-August 1976.) "Estimating Some Key Parameters in the Brain Drain Taxation Model." Journal of Development Economics 2 (September 1975): 309-18. "The Macro-Planning of Education: A Clarification of Issues and a Look into the Future." Comparative Education Review 19, no. 2 (June 1975): 214-24. "Schooling and Income Distribution" (with A. Marin). The Review of Economics and Statistics 58, no. 3 (August 1976): 332-38. "Economics of Education: An Assessment of Recent Methodological Advances and Empirical Results." Social Science Information 16, no. 3/4 (Summer 1977): 351-72. "Family Background, Education and Achievement: A Path Model of Earnings Determinants in the U.K. and some Alternatives." British Journal of Sociology 28, no. 3 (September 1977): 321-35. "Measuring the Cost of Misallocation of Investment in Education" (with C. Dougherty). Journal of Human Resources 12, no. 4 (Fall 1977): 446-59. "The Perverse Effects of Public Subsidization of Education: or, How Equitable is Free Education." Comparative Education Review 21, no. 1 (February 1977): 69-90. (Also published in Spanish.) "Schooling, Experience and Earnings: The Case of an LDC." Journal of Development Economics 4 (1977): 39-48. "Unequal Access to Education and Income Distribution." De Economist 125, no. 3 (September 1977): 383-92. "Economic Implications of Raising the School Leaving Age." Comparative Education Review 22, no. 1 (February 1978): 71-79. "Educational Planning: Past and Present." Prospects 8, no. 2 (1978): 135-42. (Also published in French, Spanish, Chinese and Arabic.) "On the Explanation of Schooling, Occupation and Earnings: Some Alternative Path Analyses" (with J. Tinbergen). De Economist 126, no. 4 (1978): 505-20. "Academic Work and Policy Formation." Prospects 9, no. 4 (1979): 409-13. (Also published in French, Spanish and Arabic.) "Education and Pay Structure in Cyprus" (with E. Demetriades). International Labour Review 118, no. 1 (January-February 1979): 103-11. (Also published in French.)

10 "Human Capital and Earnings: British Evidence and a Critique" (with R. Layard). The Review of Economic Studies 46, no. 3 (July 1979): 485-503. "International Comparisons of Educational and Economic Indicators, Revisited" (with H. K. Lee). World Development 7 (1979): 995-1004. "On the Weak versus the Strong Version of the Screening Hypothesis." Economics Letters 4 (1979): 181-85. "A Quantitative Analysis of the Demand for Higher Education" (with C. Soumelis). Higher Education 8, no. 2 (May 1979): 159-77. "Socioeconomic Background and Monetary Rewards in the United Kingdom" (with J. Papanicolaou). Economica 46, (November 1979): 435-39. "Synthetic Approaches in Manpower Planning." De Economist 127, no. 2 (1979): 287-97. "Early Education, Ability and Earning Capacity" (with P. Wiles). International Journal of Social Economics 7, no. 3 (1980): 132-36. "Educational Planning and the Labour Market." European Journal of Education 13, no. 2 (1980): 201-20. "Qualifications and Selection at IDS." IDS Bulletin (Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex) 11, no. 2 (May 1980): 62-63. "Questionnaire Surveys in Educational Planning." Comparative Education 16, no. 2 (June 1980): 159-69. "Spending on Education in an Era of Economic Stress: An Optimist's View." Journal of Educational Finance 6, no. 2 (Fall 1980): 160-75. "Student Activism in Greece: A Historical and Empirical Analysis" (with A. Kazamias). Higher Education 9 (1980): 127-38. "Towards an Atomistic Model of Education." Prospects 10, no. 4 (1980): 456-61. (Also published in French, Spanish and Arabic.) "Education, Employment and Inequality in LDC's." World Development 9 (January 1981): 37-54. "Education and the Structure of Earnings in Portugal." De Economist 129, no. 4 (1981): 532-45. "Further Evidence on the Relevance of the Dual Labour Market Hypothesis for the UK" (with R. McNabb). Journal of Human Resources 16, no. 3 (Summer 1981): 442-48. "Lifetime Profiles of Earnings and Employment: A Survey." Social Science Information 20, no. 4/5 (Summer 1981): 743-85.

11 "Racial Earnings Differentials in the UK" (with R. McNabb). Oxford Economic Papers 33, no. 3 (November 1981): 413-25. "Returns to Education: An Updated International Comparison." Comparative Education 17, no. 3 (1981): 321-41. (Also published in Spanish.) "The State of Educational Planning, Revisited." Prospects 11, no. 2 (1981): 154-58. (Also published in French, Spanish, Arabic and Chinese.) "Student Expectations and Labour Market Performance: The Case of the Philippines" (with B. Sanyal). Higher Education 10, no. 4 (1981): 449-472. "The World Bank in the World of Education: Some Policy Changes and Some Remnants." Comparative Education 17, no. 2 (June 1981): 141-46. "An Analysis of the Determinants of the Social Demand for upper Secondary Education in Portugal." Economics of Education Review 2, no. 3 (Summer 1982): 233-51. "The Distribution of Schooling and the Distribution of Earnings: Some British Evidence" (with M. Blaug and C. Dougherty). Manchester School (March 1982): 24-40. "Does the Labour Market Reward Risk? Evidence from the UK" (with A. Marin). Journal of Political Economy 90, no. 4 (March 1982): 827-53. "Earnings and Education in Greece, 1960-1977." European Economic Review 17 (1982): 333-47. "The Economics of Early Childhood Education and Day Care." International Review of Education 28, no. 1 (1982): 53-70. "The Economics of Higher Education in Developing Countries." Comparative Education Review 26, no. 2 (June 1982): 139-59. "Education as Investment." Finance & Development 19, no. 3 (1982): 39-42. (Also published in French, Spanish, German, Portuguese and Arabic.) "A Social Welfare Analysis of Educational Reform in Greece." Compare 12, no. 2 (Spring 1982): 2-18. "Student Expectations and Graduate Labour Market Performance in Egypt" (with B. Sanyal). Higher Education 11, no. 1 (1982): 27-49. "Unemployment, Education and Selection: The Case of a Bank Entrance Examination" (with S. Gedeon). European Journal of Education 17, no. 1 (1982): 81-86. "Education and Private Versus Public Sector Pay." Labour and Society 8, no. 2 (June 1983): 123-33. (Also published in French and Spanish.)

12 "Educational Research at the World Bank." The World Bank Research News 4, no. 1 (1983): 3-17. (Also published in Spanish.) "Sex Discrimination in the Greek Labor Market." Modern Greek Studies 1, no. 2 (October 1983): 339-57. "Assessing Training Priorities in Developing Countries: Current Practice and Possible Alternatives." International Labour Review 123, no. 5 (September-October 1984): 569-83. (Also published in French and Spanish.) "The Effect of Diversified Schools on Employment Status and Earnings in Colombia" (with A. Zabalza). Economics of Education Review 3, no. 4 (1984): 315-31. (Also published in Spanish.) "Curriculum Diversification in Colombia and Tanzania: An Evaluation." Comparative Education Review 29, no. 4 (November 1985): 507-27. "Educational Research and Policy Development at the World Bank." Indian Journal of Quantitative Economics 1, no. 2 (1985): 119-24. "Financing Education in Sub-Saharan Africa" (with A. Mingat). Finance & Development 22, no. 1 (March 1985): 35-38. (Also published in French, Spanish, Portuguese, German, Arabic and Chinese.) Returns to Education: A Further International Update and Implications. Journal of Human Resources 20, no. 4 (Fall 1985): 583-604. (Also published in Spanish.) "The Educational Composition of the Labor Force: An International Comparison" (with A. M. Arriagada). International Labour Review 125, no. 5 (September-October 1986): 561-74. (Also published in French and Spanish.) "Links between Education and the Labor Market: A Broader Perspective." European Journal of Education 21, no. 4 (1986): 409-15. "The Planning of Education: Where do we Stand?" Comparative Education Review 30, no. 4 (November 1986): 560-73. (Also published in Spanish and Turkish). "Welfare Effects of Government Intervention in Education. Contemporary Policy Issues 4, no. 3 (July 1986): 51-62. (Also published in Spanish.) "Are Teachers Overpaid? Some Evidence from Brazil." Teaching and Teacher Education 3, no. 4 (1987): 315-18. "Economic Development and Investment: The Role of the Work Force." Journal of Educational Planning and Administration (India) 1, no. 3/4 (July-October 1987): 65-75. "Educational Expansion and the Returns to Education: Evidence from Cyprus" (with E. Demetriades). International Labour Review 126, no. 5 (1987): 597-602. (Also published in French.)

13 "The External Efficiency of Diversified Secondary Schools in Colombia" (with E. Velez). Economics of Education Review 6, no. 2 (June 1987): 99-110. (Also published in Spanish.) "Financing of Education in Developing Countries: A Reply to L. K. Kanyike." International Journal of Educational Development 7, no. 4 (1987): 283. "Ideology and Inference: A Reply." International Journal of Educational Development 7, no. 2 (1987): 135. "Public vs. Private Schools in Developing Countries: Evidence from Colombia and Tanzania." International Journal of Educational Development 7, no. 1 (1987): 59-67. (Also published in Spanish.) "The Transition from School to the University under Restricted Entry: A Greek Tracer Study" (with G. Papas). Higher Education 16, no. 4 (1987): 481-501. "To Vocationalize or Not to Vocationalize? That is the Curriculum Question." International Review of Education 33, no. 2 (1987): 187-211. (Also published in Greek.) "Critical Issues in Education: A World Agenda." International Journal of Educational Development 8, no. 1 (1988): 1-7. "Education and Development: A Review." The World Bank Research Observer 3, no. 1 (January 1988): 99-116. "Education in the Venezuelan Labor Market, 1974-1985" (with F. Steier). Economics of Education Review 7, no. 3 (1988): 321-32. "Efficiency and Equity in Greek Higher Education." Minerva 26, no. 2 (Summer 1988): 119-37. "The Financing of Education in Developing Countries." Higher Education Policy 1, no. 1 (March 1988): 12-16. "The 'Methodology' of Comparative Education." In I Quaderni di Villa Falconieri (Comparative Education Today) no. 16 (1988): 167-74. "Vocational Education: Issues and Prospects." International Review of Education 34, no. 2 (1988): 143-48. "The Determinants of Early Age Human Capital Formation: Evidence from Brazil" (with A. M. Arriagada). Economic Development and Cultural Change 37, no. 4 (1989): 683-708. "Earnings and Education in Argentina: An Analysis of the 1985 Buenos Aires Household Survey" (with B. Kugler). Economics of Education Review 8, no. 4 (1989): 353-65. "Female Labor Force Participation: An International Perspective" (with Z. Tzannatos). The World Bank Research Observer 3, no. 2 (July 1989): 187-201.

14 "Financing Education in Developing Countries" (with J. P. Tan and E. Jimenez). IDS Bulletin (Sussex) 20, no. 1 (1989): 55-58. "Time Trends of the Returns to Education: Cross-National Evidence." Economics of Education Review 8, no. 3 (1989): 225-31. "Why Educational Reforms Fail? A Comparative Analysis." International Review of Education 35, no. 2 (1989): 179-95. "Comparative Education: From Theory to Practice: or, Are you A:\neo.* or B:\*.ist?" Comparative Education Review 34, no. 3 (August 1990): 369-80. "Comparative Education: From Rhetoric to Usefulness: A Rejoinder." Comparative Education Review 34, no. 3 (August 1990): 401-04. Earnings and Education in Ecuador: Evidence from the 1987 Household Survey" (with L. Gomez-Castellanos). Economics of Education Review 9, no. 3 (1990): 219-27. "Earnings and Education in Venezuela: An Update from the 1987 Household Survey" (with Asad Alam). Economics of Education Review 10, no. 1 (1990): 29-36. "Education and the Professions in Greece in the Light of 1992." European Journal of Education 25, no. 1 (1990): 61-74. "Fifteen Questions and Answers on 'Quality of Education'." Education and Society 8, no. 2 (1990): 32-36. "Poverty Alleviation in Latin America." Finance & Development 27, no. 1 (March 1990): 17-19. (Also published in French, Spanish, Portuguese, Arabic and Chinese.) "Priorities in the Financing of Education." International Journal of Educational Development 10, no. 2/3 (1990): 157-62. "The Age-Efficiency of Educational Systems: An International Comparison" (with N. Nguyen). New Education 13, no. 1 (1991): 87-94. "An Analysis of the Sources of Earnings Variation among Brazilian Males" (with M. Dabos). Economics of Education Review 10, no. 4 (1991): 359-77. "The Determinants of Educational Achievement in Greece" (with G. Papas). Studies in Educational Evaluation 17 (1991): 405-18. "Earnings and Education among the Self-employed in Colombia" (with A. M. Arriagada and E. Velez). Bulletin of Latin American Research 11, no. 1 (1992): 69-89. "Education and Work: The Perennial Mismatch and Ways to Solve it." The Vocational Aspect of Education, 114 (April 1991): 127-32.

15 "Educational Attainment among Venezuelan Youth: An Analysis of its Determinants" (with Hongyu Yang). International Journal of Educational Development 11, no. 4 (1991): 289-94. "From Manpower Planning to Labor Market Analysis" (and a Rejoinder). International Labor Review 130, no. 4 (1991): 459-74. (Reprinted as Chapter 2 in New Approaches to Manpower Planning and Analysis. Geneva: ILO, 1994: 15-25.) "Higher Education in Developing Countries: The Scenario of the Future." Higher Education 21, no. 1 (1991): 3-9. "Letter to the Editor" (on comparative education theory). Comparative Education Review 35, no. 2 (May 1991): 354-56. "The Process of Status Attainment in Greece." Modern Greek Studies 9 (1991): 237-47. "Vocational Education Theory, VOCED 101: Including Hints for 'Vocational Planners'." International Journal of Educational Development 11, no. 3 (1991): 193-9. "Does Training Pay Independent of Education? Some Evidence from Colombia" (with E. Velez). International Journal of Educational Research 17, no. 6 (1992): 581-91. "Educational Expansion and Earnings Differentials in Greece" (with H. Lambropoulos). Comparative Education Review 36, no. 1 (February 1992): 52-70. "The Educational Composition of the Labor Force: An International Update" (with A. M. Arriagada). Journal of Educational Planning and Administration 6, no.2 (1992): 141-159. "The Privatization of Education in Europe" (Essay Review). Comparative Education Review 36, no. 1 (February 1992): 119-26. "Schooling, Ability and Earnings in Colombia, 1988" (with E. Velez). Economic Development and Cultural Change 40, no. 3 (April 1992): 629-43. "Women's Employment and Pay in Latin America" (with C. Winter). Finance & Development, (December 1992): 14-15. (Also published in French, German, Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese and Arabic.) "Educational Quality and Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from Bogota, Colombia" (with E. Velez). Sociology of Education, 66 (April 1993): 130-145. "Educational Development and Costing in Mexico: A Cross-state Time-Series Analysis" (with J. Prawda). International Journal of Educational Development 13, no. 1 (1993): 3-19. "Ethnicity, Education and Earnings: A Comparative Analysis of Bolivia and Guatemala." Comparative Education Review 37, no. 1 (February 1993): 9-20. "Achievement Evaluation in Colombia's Escuela Nueva: Is Multigrade the Answer?" (with E. Velez and C. Rojas). Comparative Education Review 37, no. 3 (August 1993): 263-276.

16 "A Cost-benefit Analysis of Educational Investment in Venezuela: 1989 Update" (with A. Fiszbein). Economics of Education Review 12, no. 4 (1993): 293-298. "Secondary Vocational Education and Earnings in Latin America" (with Harry Patrinos). The Vocational Aspect of Education 45, no. 2 (1993): 229-238. "Methods and Data in Educational Research: A Culture-free Paradigm." Journal of Educational Planning and Administration 7, no. 1 (January 1993): 1-11. "Education and the Labor Market in Uruguay" (with E. Velez). Economics of Education Review 13, no. 1 (1994): 19-27. "The Profitability of School Investments in an Educationally Advanced Developing Country" (with Shaikh Hossain). International Journal of Educational Development 14, no. 1 (1994): 35-42. "Economic and Demographic Effects on Working Women in Latin America" (with Z. Tzannatos). Journal of Population Economics 6 (1993): 293-315. "Demythologizing Sisyphus, or Towards True Educational Reform." Modern Greek Studies 11 (1993): 293-298. "Student Selection for Higher Education: The Relationship between Internal and External Marks" (with G.Papas). Studies in Educational Evaluation 19, no. 4 (1993): 397-402. "The Cost of Being Indigenous in Bolivia: An Empirical Analysis of Educational Attainments and Outcomes" (with H. Patrinos). Bulletin of Latin American Research 12, no. 2 (1993): 293-309. "Indigenous People and Poverty in Latin America" (with H. Patrinos), Finance & Development, (March 1994): 41-43. (Also published in French, German, Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese and Arabic.) "Earnings and Education in Latin America" (with Ying Chu Ng). Education Economics 2, no. 2 (1994): 187-207. "Opening Address, World Summit on Medical Education." Medical Education 28, Supplement 1, (1994): 18-21. "Education and Earnings in Paraguay" (with E. Velez and H. Patrinos), Economics of Education Review 13, no. 4 (1994): 321-327. "Language, education and earnings in Asuncion, Paraguay (with H. Patrinos and E. Velez). Journal of Developing Areas 29 (October 1994): 57-68. "Education and the Labor Market in Uruguay" (with E. Velez). Economics of Education Review 13, no. 1 (1994): 19-27.

17 "Returns to Education: A Global Update." World Development 22, no. 9 (September 1994): 1325-1343. (Also published in Turkish). "Gender, Ethnicity and Educational Attainment: The Case of Indigenous Women in Latin America" (with H. Patrinos). Indian Journal of Quantitative Economics 9, no. 2, (1994): 1-23. "Reducing Poverty in Latin America: An Enhanced Role for Education" (with H. Patrinos). Prospects 25, no. 1, (March 1995): 121-131. (Also published in French, Spanish, Arabic and Chinese). "Education in Greece Today: Contributions to a Perennial Debate." Journal of Modern Greek Studies 13, no. 2 (October 1995): 168-178. "Teachers' Employment Conditions in Greece: Findings of a Survey" (with G. Papas). Journal of Modern Greek Studies 13, no. 2 (October 1995): 243-249. "Tracking the Performance of Education Programs: Evaluation Indicators." New Directions for Program Evaluation, No. 67 (Fall 1995): 93-104. Evaluation of Education and Training: What Room for the Comparative Approach? International Review of Education 41 (1995): 259-284. "Poverty and Income Inequality in Latin America during the 1980s" (with S. Morley, A. Fiszbein, H. Lee and B. Wood), Review of Income and Wealth 41, no. 3 (September 1995): 245-264. "Socioeconomic and Ethnic Determinants of Age-grade Distortion in Bolivian and Guatemalan Primary Schools" (with H. Patrinos). International Journal of Educational Development 16, no. 1 (1996): 3-14. "Designing Educational Policy: A Mini-Primer on Values, Theories and Tools." International Journal of Educational Development 16, no. 3 (July 1996): 277-279. A Reply to Bennell. World Development 24, no. 1, (1996): 201. "The Returns to Education during Boom and Recession: Mexico 1984, 1989 and 1992" (with Eduardo Velez, Alex Panagides and Hongyu Yang). Education Economics 4, no. 3, (1996): 219-230. "Economics of Education: A Research Agenda." Economics of Education Review 15, no. 4 (1996): 339-344. "Teachers' Salaries in Latin America: A Comparative Analysis" (with Mary Arends and Jorge Valenzuela). Economics of Education Review 15, no. 4 (1996): 401-406. "Commentary on Public Spending on Higher Education in Developing Countries." Economics of Education Review 15, no. 4 (1996): 421-422.

18 Authors Response to Commentary. Journal of Modern Greek Studies, 14, no. 1 (May 1996): 204-205. "Private Education Expenditure in a 'Free Education' Country: The Case of Greece" (with C. Kanellopoulos). International Journal of Educational Development 17, no. 1 (1997): 73-81. "Child Labor versus Educational Attainment: Some Evidence from Latin America." Economics 10 (1997): 337-386. "Private Education in a Poor Country: The Case of Bolivia" (with C. Ariera and R. Mattson). Economics of Education Review, 16, no. 4 (1997): 377-386. "Family Size, Schooling and Child Labor in Peru: An Empirical Analysis" (with H. Patrinos). Journal of Population Economics, 10 (1997): 387-405. "Vocational Education and Training Today: Challenges and Responses." Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 49 (1998): 385-394. Estimating the Returns to Education: A Sensitivity Analysis of Concepts and Methods (with R. Mattson). Journal of Educational Planning and Administration, 12, 3 (1998): 271-287. Assessing a Higher Education Project: A Mauritius Feasibility Study (with P. Belli and Q. Khan). Applied Economics, 31 (1999): 27-35. Explaining Educational Development in Pakistan: An Analysis of the 1991 Household Survey" (with A. Katsis and R. Mattson). Journal of Educational Planning and Administration, 13,1 (January 1999): 17-36. Child Labor and Human Capital: How much Trade-off is there? A Tanzanian Case Study (with H. Akabayashi), IDS Bulletin, 35, 5 (June1999): 120-140. Scientific Training in Europe Year 2000: Problems and Solutions. The IPTS Report,37 (September 1999): 4-10. Schooling and Monetary Rewards in Greece: An Overeducation False Alarm (with T. Magoula) Applied Economics, (December 1999): 1589-97. Economics of Education à la Euro European Journal of Education, 35, 1 (March 2000): 81-95. Family Size, Education Expenditure and Attainment in a Poor Country (with R. Mattson). Journal of Educational Planning and Administration 14 (2) (April 2000): 169-186. "Testing for Screening using Vocational skills: The Case of Greece's Technological Institutes," (with K. Tsamadias), International Journal of Educational Planning and Administration, 15 (4) October 2001: 425-434.

19 H. TELEVISION PRODUCTIONS Simple Modelling. "Social Research Methods." London: BBC-Open University Television Production, 1979. Complex Modelling. "Social Research Methods." London: BBC-Open University Television Production, 1979. I. PUBLICATIONS IN OTHER LANGUAGES PUBLICATIONS IN SPANISH "La Sustituibilidad de la Mano de Obra Calificada en las Empresas Industriales." Demografía y Economía 6, no. 3 (1972): 352-65. "Ganancias en el Sector Público y Planificación de la Enseñanza" (con G. Williams). Revista Internacional del Trabajo 88, no. 1 (Julio 1973): 45-62. "Los Efectos Contradictorios del Financiamiento Público en la Educación Gratuita." Revista de Extensión Cultural 31 (Diciembre 1976): 773-88. "La Hipótesis de la Selección y los Rendimientos de la Educación" (con R. Layard). Revista Española de Economía 6 (Mayo-Agosto 1976): 275-96. "La Planificación de la Educación: Ayer y Hoy." Perspectivas 8, no. 2 (1978): 151-9. "Investigación Universitaria y Elaboración de Políticas." Perspectivas 9, no. 4 (1979): 433-8. "Hacia una Atomización del Modelo Educativo." Perspectivas 10, no. 4 (1980): 496-502. "La Educación Planificada Hoy Día: Nuevas Reflexiones." Perspectivas 11, no. 2 (1981): 171-5. "La Educación como Inversión." Finanzas & Desarrollo 19, no. 3 (Septiembre 1982): 39-42. "La Contribución de la Educación al Desarrollo Económico y Social." En Educación, Formación Profesional y Empleo. Bogotá: SENA, 1984: 49-57. "La Economía de la Educación Superior en Países en Desarrollo." Docencia Post-Secundaria 12, no. 3 (Diciembre 1984): 27-50. "La Evaluación de las Necesidades Prioritarias de Formación en los Países en Desarrollo: Práctica Actual y Posibilidades Distintas." Revista Internacional del Trabajo 103, no. 4 (Octubre-Diciembre 1984): 507-24. "Investigación en Educación en el Banco Mundial." Docencia Post-Secundaria 12, no. 1 (Enero-Abril 1984): 61-87.

20 "Rendimientos sobre la Educación: Una Comparación Internacional Actualizada." Docencia Post- Secundaria 27, no. 3 (Diciembre 1984): 1-26. "La Contribución de la Educación al Desarrollo Económico y Social." Docencia Post-Secundaria 13, no. 3 (Septiembre-Diciembre 1985): 97-113. "El Efecto de las Escuelas Diversificadas sobre el Empleo y los Ingresos en Colombia" (con A. Zabalza). Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Educativos 15, no. 4 (1985): 9-38. "Financiamiento de la Educación en el Africa al sur del Sahara" (con A. Mingat). Finanzas & Desarrollo 22, no. 1 (Marzo 1985): 35-8. "Los Reditos de la Educación: Puesta al Día e Implicaciones Internacionales." La Educación 98, no. 2 (1985): 1-38. "La Composición de la Mano de Obra según el Nivel de Instrucción: Comparación Internacional" (con A.M. Arriagada). Revista Internacional del Trabajo 105, no. 4 (1986): 489-504. Una Evaluación de la Educación Media Diversificada en Colombia (con E. Velez y A. Zabalza). Bogotá: ENLACE Rojas-Eberhard, 1986. "La Financiación de la Educación Superior Latinoamericana: Temas y Líneas de Acción." En Crisis en la Educación Superior, Fundación para la Educación Superior. Bogotá: Guadalupe, 1986: 377-405. El Financiamiento de la Educación en los Países en Desarrollo: Opciones Distintas de Política (con J. P. Tan y E. Jiménez). Washington, DC: Banco Mundial, 1986. "Planificación de la Educación? En qué Punto Estamos?" Calidad, Eficiencia y Equidad en la Educación Superior. Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, l986: 170-90. (Reprinted in Docencia Post-Secundaria 14, no. 4 (Diciembre 1986): 1-22.) "Problemas Socioeconómicos y el Papel de la Educación: El Caso de América Latina." Docencia Post-Secundaria 14, no. 1 (Enero-Abril 1986): 37-48. Educación para el Desarrollo: Análisis de las Opciones de Inversión (con M. Woodhall). Bogotá: ENLACE, 1987. "Escuelas Públicas contra Escuelas Privadas en Países en Vías de Desarrollo: Evidencia proveniente de Tanzania y de Colombia." Docencia Post-Secundaria 15, no. 3 (Septiembre- Diciembre 1987): 59-76. "Eficiencia Externa de las Escuelas Secundarias Diversificadas en Colombia" (con E. Velez). Docencia Post-Secundaria 16, no. 1 (Enero-Abril 1988): 61-81. "El Financiamiento de la Educación en los Países en Desarrollo: Opciones de Política." Revista Colombiana de Educación no. 19 (I Semestre 1988): 145-52.