Intermodal Transports

Intermodal Transports

Definition of Logistics Centre (L/C) «L/C is a total integrated set of structures, structured services and infrastructure of different modes, established and operated in the area which are permitted activities and intermodal services and required includes or is connected to the train station or port or airport LAW 3333/2005 "A freight village is a defined area within which all activities relating to transport, logistics and the distribution of goods, both for national and international transit, are carried out by various operators. These operators can either be owners or tenants of buildings and facilities (warehouses, break-bulk centres, storage areas, offices, car parks, etc...) which have been built there European Association of Freight Villages (Europlatfroms) "Freight Villages are defined as clearly demarcated and actively managed locations, within which both multimodal freight transfer facilities and industrial activities are situated, along with commercial and/or worker support activities New York Metropolitan Transportation Council Feasibility of Freight Villages 2 law

TRANSPORTATION - DISTRIBUTION THE HISTORY OF TRANSPORT The history of transport is associated with the existence of human life. Primitive man moved solidly on search of food or of curiosity to know the environment, or even for protection from various natural hazards (such as in search of a refuge - cave). But soon he realized that his physical strength to travel long distances was limited and much more limited ability to carry loads over long distances. These weaknesses led to man in search of different modes for both himself and his goods, starting initially use of animals on land and from the primitive canoe on lakes and rivers came out to the sea. So along with his amazing inventions came from the wheel, paddle, sail and steam turbines to modern sophisticated means of transport. DISTRIBUTION : Is a set of (dynamic) actions bring the goods to an advantageous position for consumers 3

Decisions of transportation / distribution Transportation has the highest percentage cost in the supply chain management. The mode selection, route, load, etc. affect indirectly the cost and seriously. 4

Factors affecting distribution system Reliability Safety Information Flexibility Speed (transfer) and frequency (services) Price distribution operation The gravity of each of these factors depends on the type of goods 5

Developments affecting organizing transportation Technological. Refer to the use of new vessels L /C which is faster and / or larger, in cargo management systems, loading, stowage, data collection, discovery and monitoring loads and contact information with other networks such as the Internet and EDI. Governing the institutions. Mainly consist of services liberalization and removal of monopolies. Organizational. Come primarily as consequences of the above developments, and consist the organization of the chain based on the integrated services logistics. 6

The effect of intermodal transport Concept: Are the shipments are used sequentially, of different types of transport (air, water, air and land) for fast and safe transfer from many origins to many destinations. The intermodal transport requires warehouses and transshipment points, and developed information and communication systems. ADVANTAGES Increase speed of long distance transport. Reducing transportation costs. Possibility of continuous information on the progress of the load. Increase the security of cargo. DISADVANTAGES Requires substantial infrastructure (rarely one and only transporter may be adequate). Traditional infrastructure (ports, airports, railway stations), resist involvement, trying to maintain "achievements. Insufficient space for the construction of warehouses in transport terminals, because of the housing development. 7

The institutional framework in Greece Published in Government Gazette 1292/issue Β /25-7-2007 1. Sense. Service in supply chain means the receipt transport, storage, packaging and supply business units, materials and goods (raw materials, semi finished - Finished products), as well as management of all relevant information. 2. Bodies. The right to submit application is for all operators under the provisions of Law 3299/2004. 3.Specifications. The investment plan should aim at creating new modern units integrated supply chain services (Logistics) or the expansion, modernization and upgrading of existing units in order to substantially improve service. 8

The institutional framework in Europe Determined by various treaties. Has not been coded. Covers road, rail, maritime and air transport. Based on the protection of free competition. Therefore restrict government subsidies for Government bodies (OSE,Olympic airways). Aims to transport security of goods and persons. Aims to reduce environmental pollution of emissions harmful gases and CO2. Supported by the 'European Ombudsman in cases violated "conditions" or free competition. Seeks to increase the speed of transport and reduce costs. 9

Transport and GDP Transportation represents an average which is between 30% and 50% of the GDP of the countries participating in the OECD. Investment in transport infrastructure in OECD countries, representing 30% of GDP. Investment in means of transport represent 30% of total investment. Employment in the transport sector, representing more than twice employees to produce goods. Public agencies that regulate and supervise the transport, constitute 10% of all employees in the public sector. 10

Intermodal transport and policy options Concept: It is the 'in-line' use of different types of transport in order to transfer objects from the sender to the recipient. Methods: Cross Docking Logistics Centers Logistics Transit Centers 11

Political Options Construction of ports as growth drivers of the local economy. Crossing of express roads, as a means for the development of urban centers. Crossing of Railways. Airports as a platform growth. The transit centers as growth factors of trade and industry. 12

Criteria preference for intermodal transport Price (cost per km or per ton cost, volume, etc.). Time (speed) and accurate delivery time (reliability). Scheduled services / links (frequency). Security (losses and damages / losses). Quality management (user friendly, right documents, etc.). Effectiveness and Efficiency (necessary personnel per transfer, leave kilometers and dead times). 13

Objectives of promoting intermodality transport Better use of infrastructure in particular of waterways, railways and ferry connections. Minimize environmental burden. Development of healthy competition, common charging infrastructure. Increase in employment in the transport sector. There will be a reallocation of human resources and employment explicit telematics services and customer care. 14

Friction costs Created by the fact that any change of mode of transport means change system and not just single mode or downloading. Makes the combination of means or intermodal transport in general operate in relation to transport a single instrument. Is a measure for inefficiency of a transport operation. Expressed in the form: Higher prices. Longer time delays, reduced reliability in delivery. Lower quality services. Limitations on types of loads. Greater risk of damage to the load. Administrative complexity procedures. 15

Components Intermodal Transport Infrastructure (roads, junctions, terminals, etc.). The fixed part of the system. Vehicles. The moving parts of the system. Equipment. Engineering set, such as a crane, a lifting device that allows or facilitates the transport. Motion systems. Fuels. Control and communication systems. Carry information about the location and route of the vehicles and situation of the cargo. 16

Developments affecting organizing Intermodal transportation Technological. Refer to the use of new vessels L /C which is faster and / or larger, in cargo management systems, loading, stowage, data collection, discovery and monitoring loads and contact information with other networks such as the Internet and EDI. Governing the institutions. Mainly consist of services liberalization and removal of monopolies. Organizational. Come primarily as consequences of the above developments, and consist the organization of the chain based on the integrated services logistics. 17

Terminals Loading, unloading, sorting and storage of goods for maximum operation of transport. The main aim is to classify different missions, in order to achieve maximum concentration and flow of goods through: Natural classification, which concern the gathering of missions. Coordination time between arriving and departing vehicles. In certain cases, the role of terminals can also coordinate production and consumption, as well as assistance in the production process or in the marketing business. The terminal is not the purpose a route but instead its existence aims to improve the cost of transporting goods can cause. The need for a terminal depends to a large extent nature of the goods, size of the transported volume and geographical distribution. 18

Classification criteria for terminals The role of the terminal in the transport system. Means of transport are served by the terminal. The use or non-unitized loads. The technology of handling and classification used on the freight station. The type of load served (bulk, packages pallets, conventional form, etc.). 19

Intermodal Transport Is a characteristic of a transport system that allows at least two transport means be used integrated way for transport door to door. Defined as the movement of cargo and passengers by two or more modes of transport and traffic management (or passenger) a single transport document (eg bill), to smooth and continuous transport service from door to door, if possible. Combined transport is a rate of integration / cooperation modes that are complementary to a better (more efficient) use of the transport system. The economic principle use of intermodal transport based on the complementarity of transport means, which is that the disadvantage of a transport mode completed by the comparative advantage of each other. 20

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Finally the relationship is interactive; 34

How the transport infrastructure help on economic growth? Reduce transportation costs Reduction of external transport costs Reduction in prices of raw materials Improving competition transfer of know-how Reduce unemployment by making Reduce unemployment by using 35

What does the European Union I? Finance: General Budget European Investment Bank (EIF)European Investment Fund Integrated Mediterranean Programmes Cohesion Funds 36

What does the European Union ΙΙ Organizes and plans Program of Trans-European networks (TEN). Program of pan-european Transport Corridors 37

Trans-European networks 14 priority projects 1997 30 priority projects 2003 38

Priority Projects HST/combined transport Berlin-Verona Total Cost in Euro 21925 HST PBKAL 15754 HST South 12870 HST East 5100 Betuwe 4117 HST/combined transport Lyon-Turin 13230 Ελληνικοί αυτοκινητόδρομοι 6360 Motorway Lisbon-Valladolid 970 Rail link/combined transport - Ireland 230 Malpensa airport 1047 Öresund 3647 Nordic triangle 8780 Road corridor Ireland-UK-Benelux 3340 Main West Coast line 2160 Controls/supervision HST network 380 Σφνολο 99918 39

Σημερινά ζργα προτεραιότητασ Συνολικό κόςτοσ 226 εκ. ιδθροδρομικόσ άξονασ Βερολίνο-Βερόνα/Μιλάνο-Μπολώνια-Νάπολθ-Μεςςίνα-Παλζρμο ιδθροδρομικόσ άξονασ μεγάλθσ ταχφτθτασ Παρίςι-Βρυξζλλεσ-Κολωνία-Άμςτερνταμ-Λονδίνο ιδθροδρομικόσ άξονασ μεγάλθσ ταχφτθτασ τθσ νοτιοδυτικισ Ευρώπθσ ιδθροδρομικόσ άξονασ μεγάλθσ ταχφτθτασ-ανατολικόσ κλάδοσ (περιλαμβάνει τθ γραμμι Παρίςι-τραςβοφργο/Λουξεμβοφργο) υμβατικόσ ςιδθρόδρομοσ/ςυνδυαςμζνεσ μεταφορζσ (ι γραμμι Betuwe) (2007) ιδθροδρομικόσ άξονασ Λυών-Σεργζςτθ-Ντιβάτςα/Κόπερ-Ντιβάτςα-Λιουμπλιάνα-Βουδαπζςτθ-Ουκρανικά ςφνορα Οδικόσ άξονασ Ηγουμενίτςα/Πάτρα-Ακινα-όφια-Βουδαπζςτθ Πολυτροπικόσ άξονασ Πορτογαλία/Ιςπανία-υπόλοιπθ Ευρώπθ ιδθροδρομικόσ άξονασ Κορκ-Δουβλίνο-Μπζλφαςτ-τράνραρ Αεροδρόμιο Μαλπζνςα (Μιλάνο) (ολοκλθρώκθκε το 2001) τακερι ηεφξθ Oresund (ολοκλθρώκθκε το 2000) κανδιναβικό τρίγωνο (ςιδθροδρομικόσ/οδικόσ άξονασ) Οδικόσ άξονασ ΗΒ/Ιρλανδία/Μπενελοφξ (2010) ιδθροδρομικι γραμμι «Κφριοσ άξονασ δυτικισ ακτισ» (2007) Παγκόςμιο ςφςτθμα δορυφορικισ ραδιοπλοιγθςθσ και προςδιοριςμοφ κζςθσ GALILEO (2008) Εμπορικόσ ςιδθροδρομικόσ άξονασ μζςω των Πυρθναίων ίνεσ/αλγκεκίρασ-mαδρίτθ-παρίςι ιδθροδρομικόσ άξονασ Παρίςι-τραςβοφργο-τουτγάρδθ-Βιζννθ-Μπρατιςλάβα Άξονασ εςωτερικισ ναυςιπλοΐασ Ρινοσ/Μόηασ-Μάιν-Δοφναβθσ Διαλειτουργικότθτα ςιδθροδρομικοφ δικτφου μεγάλθσ ταχφτθτασ τθσ ιβθρικισ χερςονιςου ιδθροδρομικόσ άξονασ του Fehmarn Belt μεταξφ Γερμανίασ και Δανίασ «Θαλάςςιεσ αρτθρίεσ»: Βαλτικι Θάλαςςα, Ατλαντικό Σόξο, νοτιοανατολικι Ευρώπθ, δυτικι Μεςόγειοσ ιδθροδρομικόσ άξονασ Ακινα-όφια-Βουδαπζςτθ-Βιζννθ-Πράγα-Νυρεμβζργθ/Δρζςδθ ιδθροδρομικόσ άξονασ Γκντάνςκ-Βαρςοβία-Μπρνο/Μπρατιςλάβα-Βιζννθ ιδθροδρομικόσ άξονασ Λυών/Γζνοβα-Βαςιλεία-Ντοφιςμπουργκ-Ρότερνταμ/Αμβζρςα Οδικόσ άξονασ Γκντανςκ-Μπρνο/Μπρατιςλάβα-Βιζννθ ιδθροδρομικόσ/οδικόσ άξονασ Ιρλανδία/Ηνωμζνο Βαςίλειο/θπειρωτικι Ευρώπθ «ιδθροδρομικι γραμμι Βαλτικισ»: άξονασ Βαρςοβία-Κάουνασ-Ρίγα-Σάλιν-Ελςίνκι «Eurocaprail» ςτον ςιδθροδρομικό άξονα Βρυξζλλεσ-Λουξεμβοφργο-τραςβοφργο ιδθροδρομικόσ άξονασ του διατροπικοφ διαδρόμου Ιονίου/Αδριατικισ Εςωτερικι πλωτι οδόσ Seine-Scheldt. 40

... and a Greek success Trans European Networks of Transport established institutionally by the Treaty of Maastricht. The Decision 884/2004/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the revision of the guidelines of the Networks, foreseen by Article 12 to establish marine highways. The Decision included among the priority projects to be launched before 2010, the Project 21 "Motorways", which defines four avenues: Marine Avenue of Baltic Marine Avenue of West Europe Marine Avenue of South-Eastern Europe, an association of the Ionian Sea and the Adriatic Sea with Eastern Mediterranean including Cyprus, Marine Avenue in South-Western Europe (western Mediterranean). Marine highways are Greek idea and initiative 41

Pan-European Transport Corridors 10 corridors linking the West with the East 42

Pan-European Transport Corridors Which interest us? The corridor IV, which starts from Berlin, and after passing through Prague, Budapest and Sofia, resulting in Thessaloniki. The corridor IX which starts from Helsinki via Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kiev and Bucharest ends in Alexandroupolis. Finally corridor X which starts from Salzburg via Ljubljana, Zagreb, Belgrade and Skopje and Veles branching one end terminates in Thessaloniki and the other, via the Egnatia Odos the port of Igoumenitsa. 43

THE STRUCTURAL PARTNERS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERMODAL TRANSPORT COMPANIES Road Rail Airlines maritime transport FORWARDING SERVICE COMPANIES Grouping consignment customs formalities Storage Insurance and financial monitoring COMPANY LOGISTICS / 3PL The European Union Infrastructure development, Incentives Configuration, Facilitating Legal Framework 44

The TENs development and raising opportunities European priorities targeted by focussing investments on 29 trans-national axes Sustainability addressed by giving priority to rail and Motorways of the sea Organisational means improved to facilitate coordination of funding and implementation of projects along an axis Financial framework adapted to enable concentration and target bottlenecks at border crossings 45

Key results (Οι προβλζψεισ ροϊν ςυνδυαςμζνων μεταφορϊν ςτην περιοχή μελζτησ) 46

The IMONODE Masterplan τοιχεία από το Master Plan Εμπορευματικών Κζντρων όπωσ παρουςιάηεται ςτο IMONODE. 47

ROAD FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION - TODAY In 2005, the gross profit margin of the road freight sector, fell to 17.1% (3.3 percentage points deterioration), a level significantly lower than for the entire service sector (31.2%). At the end of 2005, the average payment of profits the sector had fallen to -8.9% - compared to 28.0% for 2004. A large number of companies and fragmentation leading to asymmetric competition. Burden on road transport costs brought about by new KDR (increase of fines) and legislation that imposes checks on drivers and (silver) vehicles and increase in toll rates and RoRo. The main competition comes from the upgradeable rail network and more and more investment forwarding and storage 48

RAILWAY TRANSPORTS - FUTURE GOALS Increase volumes carried (consolidation trends) Accelerating Upgrade & operating infrastructure with emphasis on terminal facilities Modernization of all organizations in terms of its operations with full private economic criteria (separation of infrastructure from the farm). Exploitation, upgrade, development of connections to ports. 49

SEA FREIGHT TRANSPORTS - REQUIREMENTS FOR FUTURE GROWTH STRATEGIC PLANNING focusing: Identify roles ports and complementarity in the use of infrastructure (capacity sharing models) Development of sea lanes Action plan for the implementation of new technologies and procedures to facilitate Extraversion ports: Strategic marketing services to all the stakeholders in the supply chain Identification and monitoring of direct competition for redefining goals. Enter the global transport chains Attracting strategic cooperation partners Excellent prospects for certain input ports in maritime hub & spoke systems and Motorway of the Sea (MoS) in the eastern Mediterranean 50

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AIR FREIGHT TRANSPORTS - PROSPECTS To incur all airports as «hub" undone if the current problems. he development of freight connections "SEA-AIR" for specific chains that the solution would be cost and time competitive: Follow best practice standards in other countries (Hong Kong airport - 15 ports, Airport Sharjah UAE service: Hong Kong - Frankfurt) Strengthening the existing connection port with Airports, creating critical masses and involvement of specialized actors with appropriate expertise to ensure the quality of service. 52

Cycle cost transport vehicle Since the transportation cost dates usually at intervals, then the cost cycle defined for the simple case of connecting two points as follows: Cost = year cycle loading sender + time vector (loaded carriage) + loading time of the year recipient + return (void transfer). The loaded and empty transport include the downtime at several terminals. 53

DISTRIBUTION COST OWN TRANSPORT MEANS COST PER VEHICLE DISTRIBUTION DIRECT COST/FIXED - VARIABLE INDIRECT COST TOTAL TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT COST ΕΜΜΕΟ ΚΟΣΟ THIRD PARTY TRANSPORT MEANS DISTRIBUTION COST OF THIRD PARTY TOTAL TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT COST ΕΜΜΕΟ ΚΟΣΟ 54

DISTRIBUTION COST DIRECT COST: Driver Fuels Maintenance Security, Fees, ΚΤΔΟ INDIRECT COST (support operations) The employment of manager Office staff 55

Vehicle Cost Direct Cost: Driver Fuel Service Insurance etc. Δηήζηα απόδνζε ζε ρικ Κόζηνο αγνξάο ΑΓΟΡΑ ΟΦΗΜΑΤΟΣ ΣΤΑΘΕΡΑ ΚΟΣΤΗ (ΕΤΗΣΙΩΣ) ΜΕΤΑΒΛΗΤΑ ΚΟΣΤΗ ΑΝΑ ΧΛΜ Αμία απόζβεζεο / εηνο Καηαλάιωζε θαπζίκνπ /ρικ Αλαινγνύληεο ηόθνη - Τηκή θαπζίκνπ αλά ιίηξν Αζθάιεηα θνξηεγνύ Κόζηνο ειαζηηθώλ (4 ηεκ) Μεηθηόο κηζζόο νδεγνύ - Κόζηνο ειαζηηθώλ / ρικ (Γηάξθεηα δωήο ειαζηηθώλ) Τέιε θπθινθνξίαο Καηαλάιωζε ιαδηνύ / ρικ Σπληήξεζε απηνθηλήηνπ Καηαλάιωζε ιηπαληηθώλ / ρικ Δμνδα δηαλνκήο Μηθξνεπηζθεπέο / ρικ Γηόδηα ΣΥΝΟΛΙΚΟ ΚΟΣΤΟΣ = ΣΤΑΘΔΡΟ ΚΟΣΤΟΣ + ΜΔΤΑΒΛΗΤΟ ΚΟΣΤΟΣ 56

The most important drivers for the Supply Chain Case Fill Rate (CFR) On Time (OT) Inventory (INV) Lead Time (LT) Returns (R) Distribution Cost (DC) Palletized Deliveries (PD) Invoice Accuracy (IA) Perfect Order (PO) Forecast Accuracy (FA) 57

Dionisis Grigoropoulos Managing Director Logistics way Board Meber Greek Logistics Assosiation d.grigoropoulos@logistics way.gr