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64 Fall Time t f (ms) 6 56 TOF Signal t f 2 Delayed Atoms 1 MOT 52 1 2 3 4 5 Incident Light Duration t e (ms) 4 6 Time (ms) 8 3yp 1U 3sjj $8 W BP sb8r b$y 8 ( )dx{8\r sr s PZt{$Bt BP j$y -}BRZ $8 PB b1$ ) Tdx( <9 {b{ X ) de sti j$ytsb8 I Zt$t & y b1$ ) T En <9 3B k nn 8R Y I jsk I {jbzi $R RB}} I qy $tr RYBbR Y q!3 R$tsj BP Y 8tst!q {jbzi sti Y I jsk I sb8r PB )18R G A $t s{y 8 srz 8 t Ak {Bjj {$t n d( E ]R sb8r $t s 8st BTB}${sj s} w!qd sti I B}}$t Y 8 P B8 s %s $saj Y $Y w( Bx88D sab% Y {s%$k { t by Y s%s$jsaj I B}$8 $R j$8$ I Ak Y Y 8sj {jbzi -}str$bt Ys IZ{ R Y B% js}b$y Y RBtst {s%$k 8BI R =}Bt s{y$t Y {s%$k { t b$y s % jb{$k 8 ( A b t ( sti n1 {8\R Y sb8r s $jjz8$ts I b$y j$y I I Zt I Z}B & y b1$ ) TdE( <9 js$% Y sb8${ B / );B ) x str$$bt PB IZ s$btr A b t d(( R sti 1x 8R 7$8Zjst BZRjk Y!q }Z8}$t jsr $R s}}j$ I Bt Y B / )n B ); str$$bt B, } Y sb8r $t Y Z}} Yk} ht Rs B / ) ; 3$tsjjk b 8 srz Y sb8${ % jb{$k I$R $AZ$Bt %$s s $8 TBPT4$Y wq!3d 8 srz 8 t ZR$t s j$y RY 1 {8 A jbb Y {BBj$t $Bt >dh B $8s Y sb8${ R}s$sj I$R $AZ$Bt $t Y? T}jst BtB s {Ys T{BZ}j I I %${ {s8 s qy R$tsZ BP s RBtsB T$tIZ{ I PB { Bt Y sb8r $R Y s}} s st{ BP s R {BtI I jsk I } s, $t Y q!3 R$tsj wr $tr B 3$ 1D {B R}BtI$t B Y RjBb$t B RB}}$t BP s P s{$bt BP Y Psjj$t {jbzi Ys I } tir { $${sjjk Bt Y j$yt{s%$k I Zt$t 3B T1(( <9 c b1$ c( b BAR % s I jsk I q!3 R$tsj {Bts$t$t Z}B n( wdxd BP Y sb8r PB % ${sj wyb $9BtsjD }Bjs $9s$Bt BP Y $t{$i t RstI$t bs% qzt$t Y {s%$k B& RBtst{ b hti Btjk Y s$t s s s {BtR$R t b$y {B$j Y s$t Ak P TR}s{ R{s $t V R}s$sj $8s s, t d( 8R sp Y -}BRZ % sjr bb R }s s Psjj$t {jbzir 3$ 1 RYBbR W Y $8 A b t Y -$t{$bt BP Y s}}j$ I j$y sti Y s $%sj BP Y I jsk I } s, B Y q!3 A s8 sr s PZt{$Bt BP j$y -}BRZ $8 PB ;

b1$ ) dx( <9 st $t$$sj % jb{$k BP 8 ( ) dx {8\R s j$ytsb8 I Zt$t & y b1$ ) En <9 sti s R$tj TA s8 $t tr$k { )de{ X by { X )d3d 8G\{8 1 $R Y RsZ s$bt $t tr$k 3B RYB $8 R Y }BR$$% RjB} ( W b( $ti${s R Ys Y sb8r I { j s P B8 8 ( by$j Y {BtRst Psjj $8 W PB js -}BRZ $8 R k nn 8R $ti${s R Ys Y {jbzi YsR A t s j sr % k t s jk RB}} I qy RB}} I sb8r {st A Y ji $t R}s{ PB Z}B 1x 8R GY$j b BAR % {Bjj {$% 8$RR$Bt PB ABY & y k (sti& y c ( b BAR % RjBb$t Btjk PB st $t{$i t A s8 I Zt$t A b t TdE( <9 c& y b1$ ctdx <9 sti st -s{ B 4 {$Bt BP Y $t{$i t A s8 3B s 8$Rsj$t8 t BP s P b 8 si Y sb8r s s{{ j s I IBbtbs I B % t Z}bs I ws $%$t Z}B d( 8R A PB Y 8tst!q {jbzi B Z}B x 8R js Yst s RB}} I {jbzid GY t Y R{s $t s $tb P R}s{ } sb8 WX $R $t{ sr I Y BAR % I I { j s$bt w$t$$sj RjB} D $R js sti Y RB}}$t $8 RYB V WX )n d( E R d sb8r 8B%$t s s % jb{$k BP dx {8\R s RB}} I$t d(( R $ti${s$t s % ${sj I { j s$bt BP dx(( 8\R 1 =R$t bb {sj$a s I }YBBI$BI R b 8 srz Y s$b ) b WX BP Y 8$RR$Bt s R $tb Y {s%$k sti$tbp R}s{ WX 7Z } $R$tjk by t % s RZARst$sj Rs8}j P s{$bt $R I jsk I b BAR % {Bjj {$% 8$RR$Bt $tb Y {s%$k sr $I t$h I Ak s RYs } $t{ sr $t sab% s { s$t Y RYBjI $t{$i t $t tr$k { _ w3$ nd G hti Ys { _ $R $t% R jk } B}B $Btsj B & 1 y sti Ys $ {B R}BtIR B WX )1 d( x R d } sb8 PB d( E sb8r GY t %s k$t Y I B}Y $Y sti 8} sz x -5x BP Y!q b hti Ys { _ $R $ti } ti t BP Y 8 st $t$$sj % jb{$k 8 ( BP Y Psjj$t {jbzi sti $t% R jk } B}B $Btsj B x -5x $t Y $Bt cx -5x c n( VR Y sb8${ str$$bt s}} Bs{Y R RsZ s$bt Y 8$RR$Bt s$b RjBbjk I { sr R ss$t qy $t{ sr $t{s%$k 8$RR$Bt s ) WX $8}j$ R Y }BRR$A$j$k BP s {B R}BtI$t tyst{ 8 t B% Y R$tj TsB8 {BBj$t PB { yt BZ t s T{BtPB{sj R Z}b$Y P JZ t{kt I } ti t j { B8st ${ 8BI I tr$k 'wd Y %sjz BP %s $ R b$y jsr T{s%$k I ZtT $t jbb Y {Bjj {$% 8$RR$Bt Y RYBjI b hti s 8s-$8Z8 X ((x t s ) T1(( <9 {BtR$R t b$y s %sjz I $% I P B8 Y 8 srz I 'wd sti xo- (( j$t b$iy VAB% Y RYBjI b BAR % st $t{ sr Ak s Ps{B BP 1( Z}B d 3B s R$tj sb8 8B%$t s 8 ( )dx{8\r Y -} { I I { j s$bt >d1h $R y X )1 X WX 8 >8 ( b )(8\R 1 s WX )nd( E R d by 8 )n3x 88\R $RY {B$j% jb{$ksti1$b> )Mx1t8 qy d $8 R js 8 srz I %sjz y )dx((8\r 1 RZ RR Ys Y {Bjj {$% 8$RR$Bt b$y b X ) 1( 8sk A R}BtR$Aj PB Y js BAR % I PB { x

Scattering Ratio h.5.4.3.2.1.. G (1 6 s -1 ) 2 1. p.1.4.8.12 Saturation Parameter p 3yp nu 7{s $t s$b ) b WX % RZR sb8${ RsZ s$bt }s s8 PB d( E sb8r sti jsr TsB8 sti jsr T{s%$kI Zt$tR BP & y b1$ )TM<9stI b1$ ) Tdx( <9 R} {$% jk V ) ((n {Bjj {$% 8$RR$Bt $t{ sr R sa Z}jk qy $tr RYBbR Y R{s $t s $tb P R}s{ WX wb} t {$ {j RD sti $tb Y {s%$k wrbj$i {$ {j RD qy RBj$I j$t $R Y {sj{zjs I WX qy RZII t $t{ sr $t $R {BtR$R t b$y is8st jsr$t >1(H A b t 8st ${ RZAj % jr *Z B I$& t ]j AR{YTpB Ist {B ^{$ t 8st$ZI R Y j$t s jk }Bjs $9 I $t{$i t j$y B}${sjjk }Z8}R Y sb8r Bbs IR Rs R BP jbb 8st$ZI /E/ by E $R Y 8st ${ JZstZ8 tz8a sjbt Y }Bjs $9s$Bt s-$r qy }B}Zjs$Bt I$& t{ R RZj $t is8st s$t PB {$ {Zjs jk }Bjs $9 I j$y Bt Y str$$btr /B / );,EX/B )x,ex/b / ) ;,E I XbY E I ) E LdwE I ) E TdDPB E ( we (D yp sjj 8st ${ RZAj % jr b I t s Y t Y 8$ I }YBBt Bt Bt str$$bt PB -s8}j /E/ /E/ LdbBZjI A sarb A I Ak Y T/E/ T/E/ T d str$$bt I R Bk$t Y s$t 8 {Yst$R8 <Bb % Y $t{$i tta s8t$tiz{ I j$y RY$PR A s, Y$R I t s{k RZ}} RR$t Y sarb A$t bbt}ybbt str$$bt 7 % sj BAR %s$btr s b$y Y$R $t } s$bt 3$ R PB % ${sj $t{$i t }Bjs $9s$Bt sjbt Y 8$ I {$ {Zjs jk }Bjs $9 I j$y {BZ}j R 8B R Btjk B Y RBtsB Yst PB YB $9Btsj $t{$i t }Bjs $9s$Bt j si$t B R Bt jsr$t sti s js tz8a BP RjBb I sb8r 7 {BtI PB }Bjs $9s$Bt s 8st ${ h ji BP (; p s}}j$ I $t Y str% R?rT}jst $ty$a$r jsr s{$bt Ak {szr$t Ns 8B } { RR$Bt Ys I R BkR Y }B}Zjs$Bt $t% R$Bt by$j R$8$js B js h jir s}}j$ I sjbt Y I$ {$Bt tyst{ Y jsr 8$RR$Bt sti RjBb$t PB { 3Z Y 8B ZR$t 8${ Bbs% str$$btr /B / );,EX/B / )n,ex $t {B8A$ts$Bt b$y 4ZB R{ t I {$Bt Bt Y B / )n B )1 str$$bt b PBZtI Y }B}Zjs$Bt s$b BP /;, 1X B /;, dx R Btjk $t{ sr R sr Y jsr$t Y RYBjI $R { BRR I 3$tsjjk Y BAR % I { RRs$Bt BP {Bjj {$% 8$RR$Bt s js I I Zt$t & y b1$ ctde( <9 $R R$8}jk -}js$t I Ak I }Bjs $9s$Bt BP Y sb8${ Rs8}j E

Temperature T z (mk) 5 4 3 2 1 T Z 1 5 T MOT 2 1 2 3 4 Light Exposure Time t e (ms) 5 3yp ;U e%bjz$bt BP Y I jsk I sb8 Rs8}j :R % ${sj 8} sz x PB b1$ ) Tdx( <9 {b{ X ) 1( sti & y b1$ ) TM <9 qy 8} sz I { sr R b$y s $8 {BtRst + )(;8R qy $tr RYBbR x % RZR $t$$sj!q 8} sz x -5x $t PB {b{ X )dnsti& y b1$ )TxM <9 b$y sjj BY }s s8 R sr $% t $t 3$ x IZ B -{$s$bt B Y B ) ; Yk} ht -{$ I Rs sti I {sk B B / )n GY t b %s k Y j$y -}BRZ $8 b BAR % tb Btjk s RjBb$t BP Y {jbzi w3$ 1D AZ sjrb s {Yst$t b$iy BP Y s}} B-$8s jk pszrr$st I jsk I } s, wr $tr B 3$ 1D G ZR Y 8R % jb{$k B srr$t s 8} sz sti }jb $t 3$ ; Y 8} sz %BjZ$Bt PB b1$ )Tdx(<9{b{ X ) 1( sti s j$ytsb8 I Zt$t & y b1$ )TM<9 *Z $t Y %BjZ$Bt Y tz8a BP I jsk I sb8r w8 srz I %$s Y s s BP Y } s,d IB R tb {Yst Ak 8B Yst x( qy $8 {BtRst + )(3; 8R $R sabz d(( $8 R jbt Yst Y R{s $t $8 G k}${sjjk BAR % % ${sj 8} sz R BP x )de PB $trstst BZR {BBj$t j$y -$t{$bt sti IBbt B x ) PB RjBb{BBj$tj$Y -$t{$bt b$y s $8 {BtRst jbt Yst (; 8R ]BBj$t B R$8$js htsj 8} sz R YsR A t BAR % I PB!qR b$y $t$$sj 8} sz R sr Y$Y sr En k R}s$sjjk $8s$t Y Psjj$t sb8r b {Bth 8 {BBj$t sjbt Y $t{$i t j$y I$ {$Bt sr } I${ I Ak {s%$k *B}}j {BBj$t >d1h 3B -s8}j PB s!q b$y $t$$sj 8} sz ;E wxd D $t Y? I$ {$Bt w I$ {$BtD sti $trstst BZR -$t{$bt BP $t{$i t j$y b 8 srz s htsj 8} sz BP 1( wd; D yt {Bt sr B }Bjs $9s$Bt si$ t {BBj$t Y htsj 8} sz $R js jk $ti } ti t BP {BBj$t A s8 $t tr$k sti j$ytsb8 I Zt$t & y PB TdE( <9 c& y b1$ ctx( <9 w3$ xd sti Btjk $t{ sr R sr Y sb8${ str$$bt s}} Bs{Y R RsZ s$bt VjYBZY Y htsj 8} sz R s tb RZARst$sjjk A jbb Y $t$$sj!q 8} sz PB jbt -}BRZ $8 R Y Y s$t IZ B P TR}s{ R{s $t $R RZARst$sj sr BAR % I

Temperature T z (µk) 1 5-1 -5 Light-Atom Detuning δ a (MHz) 3yp xu z ${sj 8} sz x % RZR j$ytsb8 I Zt$t & y PB {b{ X )11wB} t {$ {j RD sti {b{ X )ddwrbj$i {$ {j RD sjbt b$y k}${sj B As R Vjj Iss b s, t b$y d( E sb8r PB b1$ ) T1(( <9 x 8R -}BRZ $8 sti RjBb j$y -$t{$bt b$y + )(;8R b$y Y RBtsB Zt I B&T RBtst{ 3B $trst{ PB st B&T RBtst {s%$k Y htsj 8} sz sp x 8R PB Y }s s8 R BP 3$ ; $R d1x qy PB Y BAR % I 8} sz sti s}} B-$8s jk {BtRst sb8 tz8a {sttb A -}js$t I Ak hj $t P B8 Y!q I$R $AZ$Bt sti s}}$t $t Y $t s{s%$k RstI$t bs% qy R$tj TsB8 8BI j BP {s%$k {BBj$t >MH } I${R s P ${$Bt PB { Btjk $t s $Bt BP R } }BR$$% {s%$k RjB} (b( by Y R{s $t $tb Y {s%$k $t{ sr R s}$ijk b$y 8$RR$Bt P JZ t{k >ddh yt {Bt sr b BAR % RjBb$t sti {BBj$t $P Y $t{$i t j$y P JZ t{k j$ R stkby b$y$t Y 1(( <9 b$i 8Zj$8BI j$t RYs} BP BZ t s T {BtPB{sj RBtsB qy tz8a BP sb8r {BBj I YBb % $R YsjP sr js $t Y $Bt b$y (b( c ( by Y R$tj TsB8 8BI j } I${R Y s$t 3Z Y 8B Y BAR % I 8} sz $R 1( $8 R jbb Yst Y -} { I htsj %sjz >d1h BP x X, ) Wbwd(> 4 zq D d( 3B st B&T RBtst {s%$k Btjk Y s$t BP Y Psjj$t {jbzi $R BAR % I $ti${s$t Ys Y $t{$i t j$y IB R tb I { j s s}b {BBj Y sb8r $ti } ti tjk BP Y RBtsB ]Bt% t$btsj {BBj$t 8 {Yst$R8R {sttb } BIZ{ stk R Bt I$RR$}s$% PB { R $t Y % ${sj I$ {$Bt } } ti${zjs B Y s}}j$ I jsr A s8r 3 TR}s{ *B}}j {BBj$t $t BZ RstI$t bs% s & y b1$ ) TdE( <9 RYBZjI j si B s YB $9Btsj 8} sz >dh BP nm 8 8B Yst n(( $8 R Y$Y Yst Y BAR % I %sjz NBb? 8} sz R {BZjI A s{y$ % I Ak RZAT*B}}j {BBj$t >d 1dH AZ Y $t{$i t j$y {Bts$tR tb }Bjs $9s$Bt si$ tr *Z B Y $t{$i tta s8t$tiz{ I I$& t$sj j$y RY$P Jb_ d<9a b t t $YAB $t 8st ${ RZAj % jr stk }Bjs $9s$Bt $t P t{ }s t A b t Y is8st 8$RR$Bt $tb Y RBtsB sti Y $t{$i t j$y $R tb Rs$Bts k sti RYBZjI tb j si B M

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