Upper bounds for the number of true null hypotheses and novel estimates for error rates in multiple testing

Research Collection Report Upper bounds for the number of true null hypotheses and novel estimates for error rates in multiple testing Author(s): Bühlmann, P.; Meinshausen, N. Publication Date: 2004 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-004680137 Rights / License: In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library

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prny~ vc Fi n u j ÎZikqy oä«$ Ì s9v7q u i n ni n ufẑˆ VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{i yelzy;vc Fikn-l º-ikn ÎVÏ Ì Ä Å 7Ì Ç Ä Å È e Fi u y u p ˆ p ˆ lon\p j upˆ vcl ¼ ˆ i;v7i y vclonf^y7l v u pxvcl nglzy9v l ~Iikn'vCl s Ï^vC Fic VÏV¼ v7 Pi y7i y9v7 PprvWp q7ixv7 Fi;j y{vwy7lz nflos l ƒkprn'v nmp n lznp~il ºwlz~ u p ˆ ÎPp y7lzy p np~mp ~ u y v s q v7 Fi3j ufˆ v7l ¼ ˆ lzƒkl v]ï szv7 FiŠvCi y{v7lznf1¼fq Î ˆ ikj Î Ï\ƒkp ˆ ƒ ufˆ prv7lznfgp y u l v=p,î ˆ i%ikqcq q qcprv7i ˆ lz i3v7 Fi/s prjml ˆ Ï' Šlzy7i3i q7q qcqcprv7iaâiy{i i3ié ~É,i y{v{s p ôˆ prny~ u nf qå - p np~ ˆ ja ]Å x ' ; qevc Fi^s p ˆ y7i^~flzycƒ º-ikqxÏ\q=pxvCi! "p-yelon'vcq ~ u ƒki ~žîvï$#;ikn%{p j\lznflop np~` ƒ= VÎYi q7 ]Å & ;É ' n ˆ i ~I-ì pî u vc Ì ƒ prn ÎYi u y7i s upˆ s qmv7lz 'vcikq i y{v7lzj pxvcl n s3v7 Pi y7ì i q7q q\q=pxv7i yméh'v qcimï* ' y7 ci ~ ié ~ÉJvC Ppxv ˆ i y7yeƒ npy7ikqxºxpxv7l º i3i y{v7lzjmprv7i y s v7 Pi3s p ˆ y7i%~flzycƒ º-ikqxÏ q=pxvci/prqci ¼ ycy7l Î ˆ i%l s9p n?i y vcloj pxvci sz"ì`l y pºxprl ˆ p,î ˆ ié Ê lz i Šlzy7iÂc Šl vc *prni y{v7lzjmprv7i sz"ì pxv PprnY~7Âcj q7i ¼ ci q{s ufˆ ¼Pq ƒ i ~ u qci ymprqci ¼ ycy{l Î ˆ igl swvc FiGj upˆ vcl ¼ ˆ l ƒ lov]ïp-~ u y{v7jmikn'v3l y3ƒ prqcq7lzi ~ u v u y7lonfmvc Fi ¼Zikq7 ƒ jt¼pp q7l y n qšv7 Pi ¼Zikq7 s p j\l ˆ Ï ikqcq qšq=pxv7iâpy7ikigié Éehw Yp%( ikq qå - & ;p np~ Õ u ~ lov3i v%p ˆ É9 - Xs q%prn º i q ºwlzik swv7 FiGj y v/ƒ jmj n j upˆ vcl ¼ ˆ i VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{i y;v7i y{v7lznfc¼fq ƒ i ~ u qci y-é e Fi n u jaîyi qožì sov7q u i n ufẑˆ VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{i yelzyšp*) u prn'vcl v]ï sjlzn'v7i q7i y všlzǹ lovcy Šn qclo- 'v-âi ;imº-ikqé + n p¼ª¼ ˆ lzƒ pxvcl npy ˆ lo -i?jml ƒ q prqcq=pï y v u ~Ilzi y-â v7 Pì ycprjt¼ ˆ i y7lo i?l ygv]ïv¼fl ƒkp ôˆ Ï y{j p ôˆ Š Fl ˆ i?v7 Fì n u j ÎZikq s v7i y vci ~` VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{i ycl yº i q Ï ˆ p q7-iéw e Fiz¼ ;ikq swj upˆ vcl ¼ ˆ i%v7i y vclonfc¼pq ƒ i ~ u qci y;l ye FiknPƒki s v7i n ˆ p np~ lovšƒ prn Pp,¼ª¼Zikn v7 YpxvŠn všp\y{lznf ˆ i% ÏV¼ vc Fi y7lzyel yey{lz npl-,yƒ prn'vel s9v7 Fi^j upˆ vcl ¼ ˆ l ƒ lov]ï s vc Fi%v7i y vclonft¼fq Î ˆ i j l y¼fq ¼Yi q ˆ Ï v=pr i ǹ ƒ prqci s]é + n y u ƒ=?p\ƒkp-y{iâ vc FikqCi/p q7i ÎVºwl u y ˆ Ï v ¼ y7y7l Î ˆ i/q7i p y npy s qey u ƒ= p? n nf q7i y ufˆ v-é } l vc Fikqcv7 Fi/v7i y vel y n ve¼ ci q{s upˆ i n u - prny~ FiknYƒ i s prl ˆ y3v q7i-º i p ˆ vcq u i n ni n ufẑˆ VÏ ¼ vc Fi y7i y qâ p y%p?y7i ƒ np~ÿ¼ ycy{l Î ˆ i i/.l¼ ˆ prnypxv7l neâfp ˆ j y v p ôˆ VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{i yšprqci%v7q u i^n upôˆ VÏV¼ v7 Pi y7i y-é 9q u i n nf n ufẑˆ VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{i y los i/.ilzy{v7i n'v{ ;ƒ ufˆ ~ŸÎZi l ~Ii n-vcl-,yi ~ŸÎVÏp j qcin¼ ci q{s upˆ v7i y vclonp ¼Fq ƒ i ~ u q7ié + npƒkq7i p y7i ~ ¼ ci q l y\lon i nfikq=p ˆ p ƒ= Ploi-º i ~@Πσ ẑˆ i ƒ vclonf,j qci ~FprvCp$Î u v ƒ ôˆ i ƒ v7lznf ~Fpxv=p l ymp)ƒ y{v ˆ Ï ¼Fq ƒ i ycyeprnp~ vc Fi i/( q7vš Šl ẑˆ ÎZi lon ºxprlzn los p ˆ j y{vep ôˆ VÏV¼ v7 Pi y7i yšprqci/v7q u i n ufôˆ É e FiŸ¼ lzn'v Š Flzƒ= ;ip q7ì vcq ÏwlznF,v j pr -ì l y\v7 Ypxv v7 PikqCì l y107lonis q7j prv7l n32)lonvc Fi ~Fpxv=p p,î u v vc Fi n u j ÎZikq s vcq u i3n ni n ufẑˆ ÏV¼ vc Fi y7i ycimº-ikn los v7 Fi q7i%prqci3n q4 u y{v6º-ikqxï s i 3 Xy7lz nfl,yƒkp n'vxv7i y v7 qci y ufˆ vcy-é e Fl y\lonis q7j prv7l n ƒ prn@îzii/.l¼ ˆ lov7i ~ Šlov7 u q+¼fq ¼ y7i ~ i y vcloj pxvcì p np~ ;iprqcì pî ˆ i?v ¼Fq º'l ~Iì prn u ¼ª¼Zikq ¼Fq ÎPp,ÎPl ˆ lzy{v7l ƒeî u np~ s qevc Fi n u j ÎZikq sovcq u i n ufẑˆ VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{i ymé e Fi u ¼ª¼Yi qyî u np~ Šl ẑˆ ƒ ˆ i p q ˆ Ï?~Ii-¼Yi np~ nvc Fi n u j ÎZikq s ÎPy7ikqxºxpxvCl npyšprnp~"îzi v7v7ikqâyy7j p ẑˆ i qyî u np~py Šl ôˆ ÎYì p ƒ= Flzimº-i ~ Šlov7 j q7i ÎPy7ikqxº prv7l npy-é 5 q p y7j p ẑˆ n u jaîyi q s ÎPy7ikqxºxpxv7l nyymâ9v7 FižÎ u np~fy\prqci nfi-º ikq7v7 Pi ˆ i ycycj u ƒ= ÎZi v7v7i qšv7 Pp n?vc y7i%lojt¼ ˆ loi ~"Î Ï ƒ jmj ǹ j ufˆ v7l ¼ ˆ i%v7i y{v7lznft¼fq ƒ i ~ u q7i y ˆ lz i^ƒ n-vcq ˆ sjv7 Pi^s prjml ˆ Ï' Šl y7i%i q7q q;q=pxv7ié ¹ n u ¼ª¼Zikq6Î u np~ms q v7 Pi3n u j ÎZikq s vcq u i/n ufôˆ VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{i y l ycƒ ˆ i prq ˆ Ï i6) u l º p ˆ i n'vxv p ˆ ;ikq Î u np~ms q v7 Pi n u jaîyi q s v7q u i\n nf n ufẑˆ ÏV¼ vc Fi y7i y-é + s v7 Plzy ˆ ci q Î u ny~ l y^y u ÎYy v=prn'v7l p ẑˆ ÏpÎ º-iGv7 Pi n u jaîyi q sjy{lz nfl,yƒ prn'vc VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{i ymâw ;i/ wn +vc PpxvŠ Šlov7 ` Flz ¼Pq ÎPp,ÎFl ˆ l v]ïâ'p ˆ n u jaîyi q s9y7lo-nfl,yƒkp n-veqci y ufˆ v=y lzn?vc Fi^j ufˆ v7l ¼ ˆ i/vci y{v7lznft¼fq ƒki ~ u q7i%lzye~ u i/v ˆ p-ƒ= se¼ ci qšprnp~?n v ~ u i%v pîpy{i npƒ i s9v7q u i^n nf n ufẑˆ VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{i yméw i npƒ ie ;i; wn v7 PprvXƒ ôˆ i ƒ v7lznf%s u q{vc Fikq ~PpxvCp% Šl ôˆpˆ i p ~ v j qci*07~il y7ƒ º i q7lzi y72 prny~ jmlz 'v ÎZi q7v7 vc Fi\i/( q7v-é + n v7 Pi jml ƒ q prqcq=pï?y v u ~lïlzn vc Fi\y7i ƒ v7l n n n u jmikqclzƒ p ˆ q7i y upˆ v=ymâ ;i8,pnp~ ié ~É p ˆ ci q Î u np~ s j qci vc Pprn«Å s q vc Fi?n u jaîyi q s v7q u i n ni n ufẑˆ VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{i ymâw Š Fl ˆ i n v\p)y{lznf ˆ i qci9 i ƒ v7l nƒkp nžîzi j p ~Ii Šlov7 `v7 Pi^s prjml ˆ Ï' Šl y7i%i q7q qeq=pxvcié

h'v=prq7v7lznf Šl vc hfƒ= ' ;i ~Fikq prnp~hv¼ v º ẑˆ ]Å Ž- - ;Âci y{v7lzjmprv7i ym Ppº i"îyi ikn~ii-º i ˆ ¼Zi ~ s qc Ì v7 Ypxv?prqCi ƒ npy7ikqxº prv7l º i%loǹ vc FiGy{i npy7i/vc Ppxv žì žìè ]Å e Fi1ÎPp-y{l ƒ/lz~ii ptîyi FlznP~ v7 Fi y{i i y vcloj pxvci yel y;v7 Fi ˆ lznfi p q7lov]ï s9v7 FiGƒ u j upˆ prv7l º i ~Il y vcq7l Î u vcl n s u npƒ vcl n s q ¼I ºxp ẑu i y sxv7q u imn ufẑˆ ÏV¼ vc Fi y7i y l s n ˆ Ïš¼ lzn'v^n ufẑˆ VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{i y^prqcimƒ npy7l ~IikqCi ~P TÉ\ e Pi\n u jaîyi q s v7q u i n ufẑˆ ÏV¼ vc Fi y7i yxlzyxi y{v7lzjmprv7i ~mlon hfƒ= ' ;i ~FikqXp np~ hv¼ v º ôˆ ]Å Ž- - %ÎVÏ\p ˆ lznfi p q,fv s v7 Fi/ikjt¼Flzq7l ƒkp ˆ ~Il y vcq7l Î u vcl n s ¼I ºxp ẑu i y-â y7iki p y% ;i ẑˆ v7 FimqCi ƒ i n'v^p¼ª¼ ˆ lzƒ pxv7l n v nfi u q loj p lznf ~FprvCp`lzn, u qc ' Piklzj\i q i v p ˆ ÉI ~Å ;É ¹ n v7 Fi qjl ~Ii p3lzn vc Fi6¼Pp,¼Zikq s hiƒ= w ci ~IikqWprnY~ hv¼ v º ẑˆ qå Ž' v7 PprvWqCi p¼ª¼zi prq=y lzn h'v q7i-ï ' Xlzy;v i y vcloj prv7i%v7 Fi n u jaîyi q s9v7q u i^n upôˆ VÏV¼ v7 Pi y7i y6îvï v7 Fi n u jaîyi q s%¼i ºxp ôu i ye qci prv7ikqcv7 Yprn y jmigvc Fq7i y{ ˆ ~,prnp~)~il º'l ~Ii+ÎVÏ Å EÉ h u - i y{v7l nyy s q%p n)p ~Pp,¼IvCl º-i ƒ= lzƒki s prqci ¼Fq ¼ y7i ~lzn h'v qcimï? r ' TÉ v7iâ- ;imº i q-â vc Ppxv vc FlzyWi y vcloj prv7išl y n ˆ Ï y u l v=p,î ˆ i;s qwvci y{v7lznfz¼ lon'v n ufôˆ ÏV¼ vc Fi y7i y-é ¹ ~P~Il vcl npp ẑˆ Ï vc Fi i y{v7lzj pxvci lzy n v ƒ n,ynfi ~ ÎVÏ vc Fi3ºxp ẑu i y s prny~$ q7i yq¼zi ƒ v7l º i ˆ ÏÉ e FqCi y7 ˆ ~IlznF p ẑˆ imºwlzprv7i y;v7 Fl y¼fq Î ˆ ikj ªΠu všv7 FiGƒ npy7ikqxºxpxv7l º ie¼fq ¼Zikq7v]Ï ]Å ;j\lz 'voîzi ˆ y vé ¹ n v7 Pikqeq7i ƒ i n-vel ~Ii p v i y{v7lzj pxvci Ì Pp y6îzikikn"¼ u ves q7 eprq=~cîvï ikv{v ˆ i v nprny~%iknpi^ 3 ;p nf r - - T s ẑˆ ŠlonF\pN¼Fq ¼ ycp ˆ lon y7lzgi všp ˆ ÉZ r - ªÅ TÉJ e Pi¼Fq ¼Zikq7v7lzi y s vc Fi%q7i y ufˆ v7lznf i y{v7lzjmprv7i^prqci3prnyp ˆ Ï' i ~ lzn ikv{v ˆ i v n,prnp~%i nfim eprnf r - - TÉ + v^lzy%ƒ ˆ i p q-âz ;imº i q-âpv7 Pprv3vC Fi qci y ufˆ v7lznf i y vcloj pxvci ~ i y3n v ¼ ycy{i yšpa¼pq ¼Yi q{v]ï ˆ lo -i ]Å qg - ;É,i1¼Fq7i y{i n'všp\-iknfi qcp ˆ s q=prjmi q7 ms q,pnp~ilznf i y{v7lzj pxvci y s"ì% Šlov7 vc Fi1¼Fq ¼Zikq7v]Ï Ì ' Ì Å JÈ - e Fl yei y{v7lzj pxv7i^ƒkp n ÎZizº'lzik ;i ~?lon v7 Pie¼Pq ÎPp,ÎFl ˆ lzy{v7l ƒ/y7iknyy{i^p yeprn u ¼ª¼ZikqoÎ u ny~ s qevc Fi%n u j ÎZikq sov7q u i n ufẑˆ VÏ ¼ vc Fi y7i y q-âwi) u l ºxp ˆ ikn'v ˆ ÏÂPp yšp ˆ ci q6î u np~ s qev7 Pi n u j ÎZikq sjv7q u i^n ni n ufẑˆ VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{i ymé hwi-º ikq=p ˆ i y{v7lzj pxvci y^prqci ¼ ycy{l Î ˆ i lzn u q^ i nfikq=p ˆ s q=prjmik qc =ÂZ~Ii-¼Yi np~ilznf n v7 Fi ƒ= lzƒki sep y ƒkp ôˆ i ~ Î u np~flonf,s u nyƒ v7l neé ¹ y ¼Yi ƒ l p ˆ ƒ= lzƒki l yt¼fq ¼ y7i ~ p np~ vc FiqCi y ufˆ vclonp)i y vcloj pxvcilzymy7 Šn v Ypº i ¼ y7l vcl º-iš¼ ;ikqmv ~Iikv7i ƒ v?vcq u in ni n ufôˆ VÏ ¼ vc Fi y7i y imº i nlon+vc Fi ˆ lojmlov s^lzn,pnpl vci ˆ Ï j prnvï v7i y vci ~ VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{i ymé e Fi s ẑˆ ŠlznF y7i ƒ v7l n lon'v7q ~ u ƒki y?v7 Fi)n v=pxv7l nprnp~*ƒ º i qcymvc Fi)v7 Fi qxïp np~ ¼Fq ¼Zikq7v7lzi y s vc Fi qci y ufˆ vclonp i y{v7lzjmprv7ié + n y7i ƒ v7l n ;io¼fqci y7ikn'v n u jmikqclzƒ p ˆ y{v u ~Floi yvî v7? Šl vc y{lzj ufˆ pxvci ~ p np~\j\l ƒ q p q7q=pï ~FprvCpªÂ ~Ii j npy{v7q=pxv7lznfmvc Fi ¼ ci q sjvc Fi ¼Pq ¼ y{i ~j\ikv7 ~ p np~l ôẑu y{v7q=pxvclonf v7 FiA¼Fq ¼Yi q{vcloi y sxp nfik i y{v7lzj pxvci sovc Fi^s p ˆ y7i^~flzycƒ º-ikqxÏ qcprv7ié yá³! e Fi%jmi v7 ~PyŠprqCi ¼FqCi y7ikn'v7i ~ lzn?vc Fi%ƒ n'v7i.wv s v7i y vclonf p-y7y ƒ l pxv7l nyymâî u vš i nfikq=p ˆ lo pxvcl npy v ~Il ( ikqcikn'v p,¼~¼ ˆ l ƒkprv7l npyjprqcixi p y7l ˆ Ïz¼ y7y7l Î ˆ ié" upˆ vcl ¼ ˆ i;v7i y vclonf szp ycy ƒ l pxvcl npyop q7l y7i y lzn jml ƒ q p q7q=pï/~fprvcp/prnpp ˆ ÏIy7lzy- Š Fi q7i p ƒ jmj n p ˆ l y v lz~fikn'v7los Ï+ iknpi y vc PpxvprqCi ~Il (Zi q7i n'v7l p ẑˆ Ïi/.l¼FqCi ycy{i ~ Šl vc qci y ¼Yi ƒ v v p qci y ¼ npy{izºxprqcl p,î ˆ i$# ˆ lo -i^s qši.ip jt¼ ˆ i%v u j u qev]ïv¼ziâpy7iki^ié ~É% ôu Î ikv3p ˆ ÉO ]Å ' ;É Ê ikv '&eç)(žç 6ÎYiGp+¼Fq ÎPpÎFl ˆ lov]ï yq¼yp ƒ ié e FiG~Fpxv=pmƒ nyy{l y všlzn iknpikq=p ˆ s!* lznp~ii-¼yi np~iikn'v/ƒ ¼Flzi y,+ -lç)# - - Ñ/././.gÑ 0 s vc Fi\qCp np~ j ºxprqClzpÎ ˆ i?,+ Ç1# eò2&4357698;:  Š Fi q7i u y u p ẑˆ Ï<6ÆÄ Á prnp~;: Ä ~ÇmÅ,Ø q=: ÄÁNÉ } p-ƒ= ƒ jt¼ nfikn'v s"+ lzyevci y{v7i ~?s q p ycy ƒklzprv7l n? Šlov7 `vc Fi q7i yq¼ nyy{ieºxprqclzpî ˆ i># É %l º ikn p n Ï v7i y v s qxp ycy ƒklzprv7l n+îyikv ci ikn\v7 Fi3l v7 ƒ jt¼ nfikn'v s?+ prnp~#3â ˆ i v vc Fiy¼I ºxp ẑu i szv7 Fl y vci y{v ÎZim~Fikn v7i ~$ÎVÏ Ç ÃoÄ ÅÇmÈmÈ-ÈTÇq É ¹ y u q p¼ª¼fq p ƒ= lzyz¼zikqcj u v=pxvcl ni ÎYp y7i ~7 q=prnf ' ÎPp y7i ~vci y{vcy^ Š Fl ƒ=

Ä Ä qci y ufˆ v/lon ~Il ycƒ qci v7i ¼I ºxp ôu i y prqcigp npprv u q=p ˆ ƒ= l ƒ inî u v v7i y v=y Šlov7 ƒ n'v7lzn u u yo¼i º p ôu i y3p q7igp¼ª¼ ˆ lzƒ p,î ˆ i p ye ;i ẑˆ É,i^p-y7y u jmi vc PpxvevC Fi%ƒ p y7i s9lznp~iim¼zikny~iiknpƒkiîzi v ;iki n?vc Fi%l v7 ƒ j+¼ npikn'v s"+ p np~ # lzy;lznpƒ ẑu ~Ii ~?lzn v7 Pi\lo v7 n ufẑˆ VÏ ¼ vc Fi y7l ymâ p np~ lov ˆ ~Fy%lon v7 Fl y ƒkp-y{i s q p ẑˆ ºxp ẑu i y lon)v7 Fimy7i v sj¼ ycy7l Î ˆ i+¼i ºxp ôu i y v7 Ypxv Ä É,i ~ n v^q7i y vcq7l ƒ v u q=y7i ˆ º i y3v ¼ lzn-v^n ufẑˆ ÏV¼ vc Fi y7lzy s;lony~iim¼ziknp~fiknpƒki+î u v qci6) u lzq7ievc PpxvJ¼F ºxp ẑu i y s q v7 Pikq vcq u i n ufôˆ VÏ ¼ vc Fi y7i yxprqci3y v ƒ= Pp y{v7l ƒkp ôˆ ÏGi6) u p ˆ q qci prv7ikqwvc Pprn lzn vc Fi ƒkp-y{i s9lznp~iim¼zikny~iiknpƒkié e Fi%n u j ÎZikq so VÏV¼ v7 Pi y7i yc Šl vc ¼I ºxp ẑu i ycloǹ pg-l º-ikn qci9 i ƒ v7l n q7i l n ªÇ lzye~ii n vci ~cîvï m ;Â'vC Fi n u j ÎZikq s9s p ˆ y7i^q7i i ƒ v7l npyîvï? eprnp~ v7 Pi n u j ÎZikq swƒ q7qci ƒ veqci9 i ƒ vcl npyîvï Š ;É m Ä Å Ç Å 7Ì Å Ç Å Å È e Fi\v vcp ˆ n u j ÎZikqm /lzy%vc Fi y u j s;s p ˆ y{imprnp~,ƒ q7qci ƒ v%qci9 i ƒ vcl npymâ\ eä Š ^p np~ ;i Ppº-im ]Å vä  qå JÄ žìgp np~ Š ]Å vä É! #"$&%' &()%+*,!-.%0/214365,iy¼FqCi y7ikn'vxprn i y vcloj pxvci s7 Â- Š Plzƒ= l y p ˆ ci q¼fq ÎPpÎFl ˆ l y vclzƒî u ny~\s q vc Fi n u j ÎZikq szv7q u i n ni n ufẑˆ VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{i yšpxv3prnvï ~Ii y{lzqci ~ ˆ i-º i ˆ J 7 ' 1 Å JÈ e Fi i y{v7lzjmprv7i lzy\p,¼ª¼ ˆ l ƒkpî ˆ i v p q ÎPl vcqcp q Ï,prnP~ u nf wn Šn~Iim¼ZiknY~IiknPƒki ÎZi v ;iki n v7i y v y v=pxvclzy{v7l ƒky q ¼F ºxp ẑu i y-é3 e Fi i y{v7lzj pxv7i lzy s u q7v7 Fi q7j qcigi) u l ºxp ˆ ikn'v/v p ni y{v7lzj pxv7i Ì Ä s vc Fi n u jaîyi q Ì sjv7q u i^n ufẑˆ VÏ ¼ vc Fi y7i ye Šlov7 `vc Fi1¼Fq ¼Zikq7v]Ï Ì ' Ì Å JÈ,i,Pq=y v lzn'v7q ~ u ƒ i vc FiG -imï ƒ npƒkim¼iv s ptî u np~ilznf s u nyƒ v7l neé983n ˆ i y7y/y v=pxvci ~ vc FikqC Šlzy7i ˆ i v7: ÎZi vc Fi lzn-vcikqxºxp ˆ ªÇmÅ É ;=<2>@?BA0?DCE?F'AHGJIKLFM0A0N?BA'OP>@M0A'QCE?F'A4RJSUTWVYX.ZL[Y\BZ,]^_X.ZL`bac\dVeZgfeaEhjibklibh \Dm9f7nofeZ)[pVYqsr (ut q=i_flmvx.nofwtxhyi ^_X.ZL`bac\dVeZ z{ } ~ \d` ~ \Dm_r^xVen ibkeixnv ƒ À& r q=vyzlveavez)vex@mvh g\bz)`xnoi_fem_\bz@] \Ba ~ mvx` ~ a ~ fea y u ¼ wŷ #Š z { b =Œ+ e Ž È d ' 5 u q{vc FikqoÎZi ˆ 1ÂF ;i% Šl ẑˆ y{ *i/.l¼ ˆ lzƒkl v ˆ Ï p+î u ny~ilonpms u npƒ vcl nƒkprn"îzigƒ nyy vcq u ƒ v7i ~7É e FiN¼Pq ¼ y{i ~ i y vcloj prv7i s l y l º i np yevc FiGj p%.ilzjmp ˆ ~Il (Zi q7i npƒ i ÎYikv ci iknv7 PiGq7i p ˆ lzy7i ~`n u jaîyi q s qci9 i ƒ v7l npy m ep np~ p+î u ny~ilonpms u npƒ vcl n z{ ;pxv ˆ imº-i ˆ É ;=<2>@?BA0?DCE?F'AP iba)z { T_if=T_VeX.Z)[e\BZ@]^_X.ZL`ba \dvyzfya6hjixkeibh )~ iivmvac\bq=fya ixm fenwi [wid!zli_[ Tb Äy u ¼ wŷ &Š m z { b È fyzl[ "ÌÄ ' w &-

¹ y j\i n'v7l nfi ~ pî º-iÂ2: Ä ªÇ-Å u n ˆ i y7yšy{vcprv7i ~`i.v¼ ˆ l ƒ lov ˆ ÏÉ < +G Veai7a ~ fea!t_vea ~m fez)[7z{ fenoiqgvez)veavezlvyx@mvh \BZL`bnoi_flmv\BZ@] \Ba ~ m \Dm4^_X.nva ~ ixn t qgvenoi ẀVYZ2mvafeZai@`_i)a^xVYngfmxibaV^ fea#qgvlmva 2VY\BZa m V ^g[e\dmb`_veza \BZX.\Ba lrfya ~ \d` ~ a ~ i=mvxlnoibq X.q \BZ \Dm=fYa afe\bz)iw[ kefeh XfYa \dvyz V ^ a ~ i mvx)noixq X.q `_fez ~ ixz)`_i T_i=noixmva nv\d`ba i_[avua ~ i!z\bai=nofez)[pvyq mbixav ^ noi_feh \ i_[ t kefeh Xixm,i\y7 v7 Pprv3vC Fi i y vcloj prv7i svžì\lznp~iiki ~Ÿ¼Fq ºwlz~Ii y3p n u ¼ª¼Zikqe¼Fq ÎPpÎFl ˆ l y vclzƒ Î u np~s q3vc Fi n u jaîyi q sjv7q u i^n ufẑˆ VÏ ¼ vc Fi y7i y-é 0<F E< GJIoQLFA0>@?BN'<A'QL<?BA0C)< 2RS VeZLi t mv\d[pi_[ t, `_VeZ 9[pibZL`_i \BZaixnvkefeh@^xVen žì \Dm]p\BklibZ Tx ªÇ "Ì S VeZ)i t mv\d[wiw[ t, ẀVYZ 9[pibZL`_i\BZa ibnvkefehp^xvyn \Dm&]Y\BkeixZ Tx Ç "! Z#2fYnva \d`bx.hjfen_r Ì Ì Å Ç Å È ¹ ¼Fq w s9l ye l º i n lzǹ v7 FiGp¼ª¼ZiknP~Il.7É e FiN¼Pq ¼Yi q{vcloi y swvc FiGi y{v7lzj pxvci prqcigy ˆ i ˆ Ï ~Iikv7ikqCjmlonPi ~ŸÎVÏ p?ƒ= l ƒ i swv7 FiNÎ u np~ilznf s u nyƒ v7l neé e Fi ¼ ci qšv ~Fi v7i ƒ v vcq u ign nf n ufẑˆ VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{i yšlznš¼pprq7v7l ƒ upˆ p q lzy3j prqc i ~ ˆ Ï?~Fl-( ikqcikn'v s q/~il (Zi q7i n'v/ƒ= l ƒ i y sjv7 Pi1Î u np~ilznf\s u npƒ v7l npy-é,igprqci% lznf v ~Il y7ƒ u y7y lon v7 Fi^s ôˆ ŠlznF p -iknfi qcp ˆ j\ikv7 ~ v ÎIvCp lon v7lz 'vyî u ny~ilonpms u npƒ vcl npy-é $&%('( )%' -/) -.%0/) +*_ / 3-,}.%7 &$/) (01*2%&7(L- )! + v/l y/n v ¼ ycy7l Î ˆ igv º i q7los Ï~IloqCi ƒ v ˆ σ qcl vcikqcl n - s Š Fikv7 Fi q/p s u npƒ vcl n lzy%pcî u ny~ilonp s u npƒ v7l n q n v-éxœcq7lov7i q7l n) d - XqCi6) u lzq7i y wn ˆ i ~I-i s vc Fi^~Ilzy{v7qCl Î u v7l n s4 $prnp~? FiknPƒki sežìâw Š Flzƒ= lzyxv7 Piº-ikqxÏ ) u prn'vcl v]ï ;i\p q7i v7qxï'lznf v i y{v7lzjmprv7ié )i y7 lon v7 Fi\s ôˆ ŠlonP v7 Ypxv%v7 Fim~Il y vcq7l Î u vcl n s ƒ prn lzn y jmi\y7iknyy{iaîyitî u np~fi ~s q j pî º-i ÎVÏ`v7 Fi ƒ jt¼ u v=p,î ˆ i\~flzy{v7qcl Î u v7l n scp n vc Fikq%qCp np~ j ºxp q7l p,î ˆ i Ì É e Fi ƒ jt¼ u v=pxv7l n sî u np~ilznfs u npƒ v7l npy prnp~,i y{v7lzj pxvci y "Ì?prnY~ Šl ôˆ ÎYi?~FlzyCƒ u ycy7i ~,lony7i ƒ v7l n lé ªÉ + v l ymjmpïvîzilonpy{v7q u ƒ v7l º ì v ƒ npy7lz~ii q,pqcy{vmv7 Fi ƒ p y7i s/lznp~ii-¼yi np~ii n-v vci y{v?y v=pxvclzy{v7l ƒky-é ikqci l y ~Il y vcq7l Î u vci ~ #;lon jmlzp ˆ Ì Â ;É e Pi\n u jaîyi qn Ì scvcq u i\n ufẑˆ VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{i y^lzy u nf wn ŠnYÎ u vnî u np~fi ~ s q jup,î º iaî Ï É ¹ y{v ƒ= Pp-y vclzƒ p ẑˆ Ï ˆ prqc ikq/qcp np~ j ºxp q7l p,î ˆ igl y% FiknPƒki s q/i.fprjt¼ ˆ i l º i nšîvïj Ì Â l s Ì l yš~il y vcq7l Î u vci ~ #;lon jmlzp ˆ $ ;É,i,PnP~ n p1î u np~ms q vc Fi/~Il y{v7qcl Î u v7l n s s qxv7 Fi%ƒkp y7i s u nf wn Šn?prnY~ prqxîfl vcqcp q Ï\~Iim¼ZiknY~IiknPƒki ÎZi v ;ikikǹ vc Fi^v7i y v y{vcpxvclzy{v7l ƒky-é Ê ikv43à65 Ä '6 8:% 0 ÎYiGpmyCprjt¼ ˆ i swy7lz ki *) Šlov7 qc~ii q7i ~ ÎPy{i q ºxprv7l npy s!#3â 3«Ä + - Ç)# 7-28 - Ñ/././.gÑ 0 Ç Š Fi q7i\ # 7-28 - Ñ/././.gÑ 0mlzyXv7 Fi q=~ii q7i ~\ycprjt¼ ˆ i s v7 Fi%qCi y ¼ npy{i º p q7l p,î ˆ i '# - - Ñ/././.gÑ 0=É Õ i,pnfi/v7 Fi^p ƒ v7l n s p\qcp np~ j ¼Yi q7j u vcprv7l n n63p y;v7 Pi1¼Yi q7j u vcprv7l n sjp ôˆ #^ ºxp ôu i ymò Š 93/ vä + -VÇ)#;:7-28 - Ñ/././. Ñ 0 &

e Fiz¼I ºxp ẑu i s vc Fi l v7 ` VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{l y u np~ii q p -l º-ikny7p j+¼ ˆ i swy{lz ki$* ep ye~ii n vci ~žî Ï Ò & 5 ªÇ-Å É Õ i/,pnfi v7 Fi q=prny~ jôºxp q7l p,î ˆ i Ì Ò&5 ~ÇmÅ Â oäôåç-èmè-ètçqp-y^v7 Pi3¼I º p ôu i s;v7 Fi lo v7 VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{l y u np~fikq pmq=prnp~ j ˆ Ïc¼ZikqCj u vci ~# ycprjt¼ ˆ iâ Ì 3 Ä Š 3 7 È e Fi,lz~Fi pl ỳ n 1 vc Ppxv Ì prnp~ Ppº-iv7 Fi ycprjmi)~flzy{v7qcl Î u v7l nl sgvc Fi,l v7 ƒ j+¼ npikn'v s + l y lznp~iim¼zikny~iikn'v s #3É ;=<2>@?BA0?DCE?F'Ä )~ isnwfezl[wveq klfynv\dfptbhji Ì Ò & 5 ~ÇmÅÇmÈmÈ-È;Çq$Ø \Dms[pi Z)iW[ flm Ì vä Å L È e Fi~Il y vcq7l Î u vcl n s Ì l ym~ii vcikqcj\lznfi ~ ÎVÏ)vC Fi u nf wn Šn ~Ii-¼Yi np~ii npƒ i"îyikv ci ikn v7 Fi v7i y vmy v=pxv7l y{v7l ƒky-é 8 ny~iikqwvc Fi p ycy u j+¼fv7l n s lonp~fim¼ziknp~ii npƒ ioîzi v ;iki n #p np~ + Âr ;imº i q-â 3 l y p^y u ƒkloi n'vxy v=pxv7l y{v7l ƒ,éw e Fi ~Il y vcq7l Î u vcl n s4 Ì ÂFƒ np~ilov7l npp ˆ n 3NÂIlzy;lznž¼Yprq7v7l ƒ ufˆ prq; l º i n?lzn?vc FlzyŠƒ p y7i u ny~iikq p ôˆ n¼zikqcj u v=pxvcl npy sevc Fi ÎPy{i q ºxprv7l npy sšv7 Fi?q7i yq¼ npy7i3ºxprqcl p,î ˆ i#3é e Pi?~Il y vcq7l Î u vcl n s& Ì Ïwloi ˆ ~FyGv7 u ỳ lzn p y7iknpy7i j p ~Iiz¼FqCi ƒklzy7izîyi ˆ 3 ep u y7i s upˆ u ¼ª¼ZikqyÎ u np~ s qev7 PiG~Ilzy{v7qCl Î u v7l n s cé / )FF?DCE?F'AUG S nofez)[pveq r 3 xt q=i_fem_x.nwfptbhjivr fez)[ qgvez)veavezlvyx@mvh g\bzl`bnoi_flmv\bz,]^_x.z)`xac\dvezz { \Dm f T_VeX.Z)[e\BZ,]7^_X.ZL`bac\dVeZ fw`_ẁvyno[e\bz@] a V \ ^ y u ¼,Ŷ &Š Ì z { b gœ 3«ÄY Ž È Ž' + n p? l º ikn ~PpxvCp?y{ikv-ÂZl v^ FiknYƒ i y u ƒ i yšv ƒ npy{v7q u ƒ v/p Î u np~ilznf?s u npƒ vcl n z { s q vc Fi qci p ˆ lz ki ~ ºxp ẑu i s.3prny~?i-º p ôu pxv7i%vc Fi i y{v7lzj pxv7i Šlov7 `vc FlzyyÎ u np~ilznfms u npƒ v7l n É 50! /)- ¹ np ˆ q7lov7 FjAs q vc Fì ƒ jt¼ u v=pxvcl n s3v7 Fì i y{v7lzj pxv7i y "ÌprnP~ lzy l º i n@îzi ˆ s q v7 Fiƒkp-y{i s u nf wn ŠnprnY~`p q ÎPl vcqcp q Ï ~Ii-¼Yi np~iiknyƒ i1îzi v ;ikikǹ vci y{v3y v=pxv7l y{v7l ƒky-é e Fi i y vcloj pxvci y s%"ì qo prqci/-l º-ikn"Î Ï, ;Â Ä y u ¼ \,Ŷ Š z { Ç ' "Ì Ä È e Fi%y{ikv9:) ;p-yxƒ= y{i n p yxv7 Fi/lon'v7i q ºxp ˆ ªÇ-Å É 5 q;i p y7i s lojt¼ ˆ ikjmikn'v=pxv7l neâ-vc Fl ycy7i všƒkp nms q;n u j\i q7l ƒkp ˆ ƒ jt¼ u vcprv7l npyyîyigp¼ª¼fq.wlzj pxvci ~žî Ï`p y u ÎPy v=prn'v7l p ˆ n u j ÎZikq sji) u p ẑˆ Ï?y ¼Pp-ƒ i ~"¼ lzn'vcyoîzi v ;iki n p np~ ÅÉm e Fic¼Fq ¼Zikq7v7lzi y sxv7 Pi i y{v7lzjmprv7i ~ n v^qci ˆ Ï Fi pºwl ˆ Ï n)v7 Fit¼FqCi ƒklzy7i ƒ= l ƒ i scv7 Fi y7i v:lzn)vc Fl y ƒkp-y{ié + s9n v;jmikn'vcl nfi ~ vc FikqC Šlzy7iÂw ;i/ Šl ẑˆ p ycy u jmi%lon v7 Pi/n u jmikqcl ƒkp ˆ qci y ufˆ vcycv7 Pprv#:,ƒ npy7l y v=y s Å - i6) u p ôˆ Ïyq¼Pp-ƒ i ~ ¼ lon'vcyîzi v ;ikikn) prnp~@åé3 e Fi\y u ¼Fq7i j u j l y3 Fi npƒ i q7i-¼ ˆ p-ƒ i ~ Î Ïp j p.wlzj u j lznvc Fi s ẑˆ ŠlonFÉ,iŠ Šl ẑˆ ~Il y7ƒ u ycywlon\v7 Pies ẑˆ ŠlznF%v7 Fi ƒ npy{v7q u ƒ v7l n s peî u ny~ilonp^s u npƒ vcl n É,PnY~\p/vClo- -vvî u np~ilznf s u npƒ v7l n ÂZ ;i1¼fq ¼ y{i^v y{i ˆ i ƒ v/pt¼yprq=prjmi vcikqclo i ~ s prjml ˆ Ï sws u npƒ v7l npy/prnp~y7i p qcƒ= s qšvc Fi 0Cy{j p ôˆ i y{v72 s u npƒ v7l nlzn vc Fl yes prjml ˆ Ï?v7 Pprv;s upˆ, ẑˆ y3ƒ np~ilov7l n Ž' ;É

+ Š + ;=<2>@?BA0?DCE?F'A H iba TWigf7^_X.ZL`bac\dVeZg^xfeq \Bh V ^nwiwfyh t kefeh Xi_[lrqgVeZLVYa VYZLVYX@m_h \BZL`bnoi_flmv\BZ@]}^_X.ZL`ba \dvyz2m Ò ªÇmÅ 5 ~ÇmÅÇmÈmÈ-È;Çq$Ø r \BZ)[pi,i_[ Tx 4fenofYq=ibaixn À ~ÇmÅ r \Ba ~ a ~ i ^xvehbhjv \BZ,] LnWV ixnvac\divm \ ]Å Ä r \B\ 9 ;Ç À ~ÇmÅ e FqCikiz¼ ycy{l Î ˆ i/s u npƒ vcl n s p jml ˆ loi yš Šl ôˆ ÎZi1¼FqCi y7ikn'v7i ~ s u q{vc FikqoÎZi ˆ 1É Ê ikv À ªÇ-Å ÎZi Äp q7-j\lzn ˆ Ì-Ñ Ò j p%. Š,Ŷ Ì b Œ 7 È ¹ ƒ ƒ qc~ilznf\v q ¼ y{lov7l n$åâ! " lzy3paî u np~ilznfms u npƒ v7l npxv ˆ imº i ˆ prny~?vc Fi i y{v7lzj pxvci y s p np~ "ÌGƒkprn"ÎZi imºxp ẑu pxvci ~ Šl vc `v7 Fl yoî u np~flonfms u npƒ vcl n É e FiGp ˆ qcl vc Fj s ẑˆ y;vc FqCiki y vcim¼py-ò hwv7im¼yåò5jl.`p s u npƒ v7l ǹ s prjml ˆ Ï ÂPp ƒ ƒ q=~ilznf v Õ i,pnflov7l n É hwv7im¼ ªÒ5JlznP~ v7 Fi1ºxp ôu i s p-yš~ii ycƒ qcl ÎZi ~žîzi ˆ 1É hwv7im¼ ~Ò } ºxp ẑu pxvci prny~ "ÌGp ƒ ƒ q=~ilznf v ; Šl vc vc Fi1Î u np~flonfms u npƒ vcl n # " À É h u lovcpî ˆ i^s u npƒ vcl ǹ s prjml ˆ lzi yš Šl ôˆ ÎZi1¼FqCi y7ikn'v7i ~?lzny{i ƒ vcl n ªÉ É $ i -prq=~ilznf\hwv7im¼ lâw ;i/ Šl ẑˆ y{ lzn v7 Fi/s ẑˆ ŠlznF\ +s qšp l º i n À ªÇ-Å p ~Fi ƒ l y7l n ƒkp n ÎZi/j p-~ii Š Fikv7 Fi q % l ye qci pxvcikq qšy{j p ôˆ ikqcv7 Pp n Élov7 v7 Fl yelznis qcj pxv7l neâ-vc Fizºxp ẑu i s ƒkprnžîyi%s u np~ lov7ikq=pxvcl º-i ˆ ÏÉ Ê ikv ÎZi -l º-ikn É%Œ npy7lz~ii q/p ôˆ n ¼ZikqCj u v=pxvcl npy s v7 Fi ÎPy7ikqxºxpxv7l nyy swvc Fi qci y ¼ npy7i1ºxprqclzpî ˆ i # q pq=prnp~ j y u ÎPy7i v v7 PikqCi s= ;ÉŒ;p ˆ ƒ ufˆ pxv7i\vc Fi3¼I ºxp ẑu i y Ì ÇqÃÄ ÅÇmÈ-ÈmÈTÇ sšp ẑˆ VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{i y u np~fikq vc Fi qclz lznpp ˆ ÎPy7ikqxº i ~ º p ôu i y s3 + - - Ñ/././.gÑ 0 Šlov7,q=prnP~ j ˆ Ï"¼Yi q7j u v7i ~šºxp ẑu i y s/ # - - Ñ/././.gÑ 0=É Œc Pi ƒ= = s qši-º i q Ï À:vÂIvC Ppxv Å L/ TÈ + s v7 Plzy^ƒ np~ilov7l nl y s upˆ, ẑˆ i ~s q3i-º ikqxï 6À :vâ y{ikv'&r )(Z oä ~É'*3v7 Fi q7 Šl y7iâ y{ikv'&r )(Z oä ÅÉ + s]â y u jmjmlznf º i qšp ẑˆ ¼Yi q7j u vcprv7l npy-â &r,( Ž Ç ]Å ' ;i% Ypº i Ž É-*3vC FikqC Šlzy7i É 5JlonYp ẑˆ ÏÂIv7 Fi i-ºxp ẑu pxvcl n sov7 Pi i y{v7lzjmprv7i yšp ƒkƒ q=~ilznf v Xlzn h'v7i-¼ mlzyšy{v7q=prlz 'v{s q7 eprq=~7é /. 0(%7 &(L- )!10 3 1)5) %32 e Fi1¼Fq ¼Zikq7v7lzi y s9vc FiGi y vcloj pxvci s p q7i ~Iikv7i q7jmlznfi ~"ÎVÏ vc Fi ƒ= lzƒki s9vc Fi^s u npƒ v7l ns p j\l ˆ Ï É,i ¼FqCi y7ikn'vev7 FqCiki%s p j\l ˆ loi y 54  56 prnp~ 57 p np~`~ilzycƒ u y7y;vc Fiklzq qci ˆ pxv7l º i^y{v7qciknf v7 PyŠp np~` ci pr wnfi ycy7i y-é Ê ikvšv7 Fi jmi j ÎZikq=y sjs u npƒ vcl ǹ s prjml ˆ Ï 54 ÎYiG~Fi/,PnFi ~ s q3prnvïcºxp ẑu i sj = 98 ' É 4 JÄ;: 8 Å ŒÅ ¹ y\ Šl ôˆ ÎZiy{i ikn)îzi ˆ 1 vc Flzy\s p jml ˆ Ï ˆ i p ~Fy v i y vcloj pxvci y s v7 Ypxv ƒ qcqci y ¼ np~ v ƒ n'v7q ˆ s vc Fi i nfikq=p ˆ lz ki ~ s prjml ˆ Ï' Šlzy7i^ikqCq q;q=pxvcié ]ÅÅ

R 0 20 40 60 80 100 R 0 150 300 450 600 R 0 150 300 450 600 0.00000 0.00005 0.00010 γ 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 γ 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 γ 5Jlo u qci1åò9 e Pi ƒ u j ufˆ prv7i ~\p j u n'v!m s ÎPy7ikqxº i ~ ¼F ºxp ẑu i yjs q vc Fi3ƒ ˆ n\ƒ prnpƒkikq ~FprvCp ƒ n'vclon u u y ˆ lonfi ŠprnY~`v7 FiAÎ u np~ilznf s u nyƒ v7l nyy qci y ufˆ vclonpms q j s u nyƒ v7l n s prjml ˆ Ï 4 ˆ iks v-â Šl vc 8ŸÄ ' ;ÂPs prjml ˆ Ï 6 jml ~F~ ˆ iâj Šl vc )Ä ~È & %prny~ s p jml ˆ Ï 7 qclo- -v ;É? e Pi y u ¼Pq7i j u j s;v7 Fi?~Fl-( ikqciknpƒkicîyikv ci ikn m prny~v7 PiAÎ u ny~ilonp?s u nyƒ v7l n,l y¼ ˆ v{v7i ~ p-y/pžº i q{vclzƒ p Ôˆ lznfi prnp~vc Fi ˆ i nfrvc s v7 Fi+º i q{vclzƒ p Ĵˆ lznfi\lzy/vc Fi i y{v7lzj pxvci s É,i lon'v7q ~ u ƒki^pmy7i ƒ np~?s prjml ˆ Ï 6 ÂI Š y{i^jmikjaîyi qcy3prqci%~ii,pnfi ~?s q prnvï?ƒ npy{vcp n-v Ž Ž Å p-y 6 JÄ;: Œ 5 u npƒ vcl n s p jml ˆ Ï 6Šy{v7l ôˆ qci6) u lzqci y;p\y jmi Š Ppxv prqxîflov7q=prqxï ƒ= l ƒ i s p ¼Yprq=prjmi vcikq É ¼Pprq=prjmi vcikqel y nfi i ~Ii ~?s qes prjml ˆ Ï 57 Šl vc `jmi j ÎZikq=y 7 vä Ç ;Ç ]Å6' Š Fi q7i ~Ç cl yev7 Pi ) u p n-vcl ˆ i s6 Ì TÂPƒ np~ilov7l npp ˆ n 3«Ä ~É ¹ ƒ= l ƒ i scv7 Fi\s u nyƒ v7l n ƒ ˆ p ycy ˆ i p ~Fy-ÂOp-y%~FlzyCƒ u ycy7i ~7 v i y vcloj prv7i y s p np~$ Ì É,i\s ƒ u y^lzn vc Fi s ẑˆ ŠlonF ǹ v7 FiN¼Pq ¼Yi q{vcloi y swv7 PiGi y{v7lzj pxv7i y s Ée e FiN¼Fq ¼Zikq7v7lzi y swv7 Fi i y{v7lzjmprv7i y s Ì s ẑˆ lzj\jmi ~Ilzprv7i ˆ ÏÉ e Fi i y{v7lzj pxv7i yšprqci ~Iikn v7i ~ ÎVÏ 4  6 ÂFp np~ 7 qci y ¼Yi ƒ vcl º-i ˆ ÏÉ ]Å -,i Šq7lov7i^lzn vc Fi^s ẑˆ ŠlonF p yšpmy{ q7v7 Pp np~?n vcprv7l n s qšj p%. ~Ç ØÉ / )FF?DCE?F'A )~ i=ixmva \Bqgfeaivm 4 r$ 6 fez)[ 7 fenwi7]p\bklibz=^xven 3«Ä Tb 4 Ä \ qå 8# Ç ]Åbw 6 Ä \ Y Ç ]Å&- 7 Ä y u ¼ m # " Ç È ]Å ',Ŷ Š VenfehBhixmva \BqgfeaixmWr Å@ )~ iskefeh Xi V ^ \DmsT_VeX.ZL[wi_[ ^_noveq fpt_vekeis\bz a ~ is`_flmbi V ^ixm_ac\bqgfeai 4 Tx j\lzn7 Ò gœ 82 7 JØ@ Venuivmvac\Bq=fYa i 6 a ~ i klfyh XiV ^ \Dm ]Y\BkeibZTb { Ç1Z b \BZLfYhBh lr^xven ixmva \Bqgfeai< 7 a ~ igkefeh Xi V ^' \Dm TWVYX.ZL[wiW[ƒ^_nWVeq T_ibhjV Tb Å! ^ : \Dm=f Z\Bai mbibadr a ~ ibz flm ibhbh Å :y S7hBh'a ~ noi_i ixmva \Bqgfeaivm}afwikefeh XivmsT_ixa i_ixz fyzl[ r = 4 Ç 6 Ç 7 È ]Å Ž

+ v ƒ prn ÎZi?y{i ikn vc PpxvGvC Fi i y vcloj pxvci 4 l y^s q8 Ä lz~fikn'v7l ƒkp ˆ v v7 Fi j p.wlzj p ˆ ¼ ycy7l Î ˆ i n u jaîyi q s qci9 i ƒ v7l npyc Š Fi n ƒ n'v7q ẑˆ lznf vc Fi%s prjml ˆ Ï' Šl y7i3ikqcq qxq=pxvci Œ prv ˆ imº-i ˆ JÉ 5 qepn¼ y7l vcl º-i ºxp ẑu i s 8% v7 Fi;i y{v7lzj pxv7i;l y9l ~Ii n-vclzƒ p ˆ v v7 Pi;n u jaîyi q spqci9 i ƒ v7l npy u ny~iikq ƒ n'v7q ˆ sfvc Fic-iknFi qcp ˆ lz ki ~^s prjml ˆ Ï' Šlzy7i ikqcq qeqcprv7i Œ98 Opxv ˆ i-º i ˆ JÉX e Pie¼ ;ikq s9v7 Fi qci y ufˆ v7lznfmi y{v7lzj pxv7i^l yoº i q Ïc¼ w qes qšjmp nvï v7i y vci ~ VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{i yšp ye Šl ôˆ ÎZiGy7ikikn ˆ pxv7i q-é e Fi;y{i ƒ ny~/i y vcloj prv7i 6 l yo~fi v7i q7jmlznfi ~GlonGƒ n'v7q=p y{v ÎVÏ/vC FiXn u jaîyi q swqci9 i ƒ vcl npy'm 'Z prvjp,3.wi ~zºxp ẑu i ˆ i y7y p n p,¼ª¼pq ¼Fq7l pxvci ) u prn'v7lov]ïéš e FiGi y vcloj prv7igl yy¼ ci q{s upˆ s q ˆ prqc i n u jaîyi qcy sjv7i y vci ~ VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{i y p-yxj p-~ii qclo q u yîzi ˆ 3 ;É */n vc Fi/~ ŠnPy{l ~Ii vc Fi3i y vcloj pxvci3lznvº ˆ º i ywv7 Pi%y jmik Š Ypxvcp q ÎFlov7q=prqxÏ ƒ= l ƒ i sjv7 Pi1¼Pprq=prjmi vcikq EÉ ¼Pprq=prjmikv7ikq3 Pp y v ÎZi ƒ= y7iknlzns u npƒ v7l ns p j\l ˆ Ï ƒ 3prnP~7 ƒ jt¼pprqci ~`v s u npƒ v7l n s p jml ˆ Ï, ÎY ; ;i -p lonpxv ˆ i p-y v lzn?vc FiGp y Ïwjt¼Iv v7l ƒ%y7iknyy{igp-yxvc Fi1ÎZi y{v ¼ y7y7l Î ˆ i ƒ= lzƒki s!lzyšj p-~ii p u v j pxvclzƒ p ẑˆ ÏÉ 2 &-.6- )( } %0/,i ˆ w pxv;v7 Pie¼ ;ikq s vc Fi ~Il-( ikqcikn'vei y{v7lzj pxv7i ycv ~Ii vci ƒ vevcq u i%n ni n ufẑˆ VÏ ¼ vc Fi y7i yclzn?vc Fi ˆ lzj\lov s ˆ prqc i n u j ÎZikq=yy swv7i y vci ~ VÏV¼ v7 Pi y7i y-ée e Pi ¼ ci q lzy3 FikqCi ~Ii,PnFi ~p yšvc Fi i.l¼yi ƒ v7i ~ ¼Fq ¼ q7v7l n s ƒ q7qci ƒ v ˆ Ï lz~fikn'v7l,pi ~ vcq u i n ni n ufôˆ VÏV¼ v7 Pi y7i y-â e Fic¼ ci qgƒ n º-ikqC i y3v Å\s q p ôˆ vc FqCiki i y{v7lzj pxvci y 4  6  7 lzn v7 Pi ˆ lzjml v * 5 sšlzn,pnflov7i ˆ Ï j prnvï ÎPy7ikqxºxpxv7l nyymé )i i/.fprjmlznfi lzn v7 Pi s ẑˆ ŠlznFvC Fi j qci lzn'v7ikqci y{v7lznf ˆ lzj\lov s p,.ii ~ n u jaîyi q s ÎPy7ikqxºxpxv7l nyy3prny~ lznpƒ qci p-y{lznf ˆ Ïj prnvï ÏV¼ vc Fi y7i y-â= 5 «É + n ¼Pprq7v7l ƒ ufˆ prqâ ˆ ikv u y3s q/n vcprv7l npp ˆ y7lojt¼ ˆ lzƒkl v]ïmp ycy u jmi lonmvc Fi s ôˆ ŠlznF^v7 Pprv%+ l y lzn,pnflov7ik ~IlzjmiknPy7l npp ˆ É )i3v7i y v vc Fi,YqCy{vJ ƒ jt¼ nfi n-v=y s!+ s q p ycy ƒklzprv7l n Šl vc # p np~?i.fprjmlonpi^v7 Fi1ÎZik Ppºwl u q sov7 Pi i y{v7lzjmprv7i y s% s qo 5 «É + nv7 Plzy%y{i ƒ vcl n ÂP ;igj pr -i^v7 Fi\~Iim¼ZiknP~FiknPƒki sxp ôˆ s u npƒ vcl npy nv7 Fi º p ôu i sv i/.l¼ ˆ lzƒkl v ÎVÏ`lonYƒ ẑu ~IlznF lov`p y p1,pq=y{v prqc u jmi n-vâšié ~É ŠqClov7lznF m Ç \s q v7 Pi n u j ÎZikq sgqci9 i ƒ v7l nyy?prj nf v7 Pi,Pq=y vž VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{i ymé,i jmp i%v p-y7y u jt¼ivcl npy ǹ v7 Fi^vCi y{v3y v=pxvclzy{v7l ƒky-é59lzq=y vâ ¹ Å ` e FikqCi i/.il y v=ycpgs u npƒ v7l n Šl vc ÂwqClo- -v;ƒ n'vclon u u ycprv Ä ªÂwy u ƒ= v7 Pprv6¼ lzn'v Šlzy7i lon  m Ç 4. 1. 5 s qy 5 «È e Fì s u npƒ v7l n lzymi) u l ºxp ˆ ikn'vmv vc Fiƒ u j ufˆ prv7l º i~il y vcq7l Î u vcl n s u nyƒ v7l n s%p ẑˆ ¼I º p ôu i ymlzn vc Fi ˆ lojmlov swlon,pnflov7i ˆ Ï`jmp nvï v7i y vci ~` VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{i ymé ¹ ycy u jt¼ivcl n ¹ Å el y y{lzjml ˆ prq v7 u - ˆ i ycy y{v7qclzƒ v= cv prn p ycy u jt¼iv7l n j p ~Ii lzn h'v qcimï ikv p ˆ ÉX p' ;É + v lzy prqc u i ~ vc FikqCimv7 YpxvGvC Fi p ycy u j+¼fv7l n lzygs ufˆ, ôˆ i ~ lzn j y{v ƒkp y7i y s ¼Fq=p ƒ v7l ƒkp ˆ lon'v7i q7i y vé 5 q u qšqci y ufˆ v p,î u vev7 PiGp y Ï'jt¼Iv vclzƒe¼ ci q-âwvc FiG~Iim¼ZiknY~IiknPƒki1ÎYikv ci ikn v7 Fi^vCi y{v3y v=pxvclzy{v7l ƒkye Pp-y;v ÎZi ƒ npy{v7q=prlznfi ~7É Œ nyy{l ~Iikq3v7 Fi qcp np~ j ºxprqClzpÎ ˆ i Ì $Ç p y pms u npƒ vcl n swv7 PiGn u j ÎZikq swlznpƒ ôu ~Fi ~ VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{i ymâ Ì $Ç vä Å L È e Ficºxp ẑu i s Ì $Ç TÂJƒ np~ilov7l nyp ˆ n 3NÂJlzy i) u p ˆ v v7 Fi?n u j ÎZikq se VÏV¼ v7 Pi y7i y Šlov7 p ¼I ºxp ẑu i ÎZi ˆ u np~fikq3p\q=prnp~ j ¼ZikqCj u v=pxv7l n sjv7 Pi #^ ºxp ôu i ymé BÈ ]Å Ž'

Š v7i^vc PpxvŠvC Fi i/.wv7qcikjmi ƒkp-y{i/s qevc Fi q ev7 `q=pxv7i sov7 Plzyoºxp q7l prnpƒki/l y ) u p-~iqcprv7l ƒ3lzn $ p q Å L 3 Ä m s qy 5 È 5 q i.fprjt¼ ˆ iâšvc Flzy j p%.ilzjmp ˆ -q evc qcprv7i l ỳ pxv{v=prlznfi ~lon*v7 Fi ƒkp-y{i Š PikqCi)p ẑˆ v7i y{v`y{vcprv7l y vclzƒ y? Ypº i l ~Iikn'v7l ƒkp ˆ ºxp ẑu i y-é)i i.fƒ ẑu ~Ii y u ƒ= `i.wv7qcikjmi ƒkp y7i yep np~`q7i) u loqci3vc Ppxv ¹ - 5 q p nvï Àu: p np~63«ätà 53 prq Å 3 Ä I s q 95 È v7i^vc Ppxv ¹ e~ i yen vš Ppº-i%v ˆ ~ u nflos qcj ˆ Ï s q p ẑˆ 3À653É ¹ yšv7 FiGƒ jt¼ u v=pxv7l n sjv7 Pi1¼Fq ¼ y{i ~ i y vcloj pxvci y s lzyy¼yi q7j u vcprv7l ni ÎPp y7i ~ Â'lov l yšnppxv u q=p ˆ v u y7igp q=prnf ' ÎPp y7i ~ v7i y{v ié Él ˆ ƒ. n v7i y v cs qevc Fi nfi ƒki ycy7p q ÏmvCi y{v7lznf swp ycy ƒklzprv7l n É,i i.ip jmlonfi v7 Fimp y Ïwjt¼Iv v7l ƒn¼ ci q s vc Fi\i y{v7lzjmprv7i y 4  6  prnp~ 7 s q%qcp nf ' ÎPp-y{i ~`v7i y v=ymé^ e Fl y lzj+¼ ˆ lzi yxv7 Pprv9: lon Õ i/,ynfl vcl n l yxp8,pnflov7i%y u ÎYy{ikv s ªÇ-Å Â-nPp jmi ˆ Ï vc Fi/y7i v s ¼ ycy{l Î ˆ iy¼i º p ôu i y-â- Š Fl ƒ= l y,.ii ~`s q,.ii ~y7p j+¼ ˆ i y7lz ki * p ˆ v7 u `vc Fi n u jaîyi q swvci y{vcy l y3p ẑˆ ci ~?v lznpƒ qci p-y{iéšhwv7q nf-ikq p ycy u jt¼iv7l npye upˆ ~žîyi npi ƒ i y7ycprqxïmv vcq7i pxvev7 FiGƒ p y7i sjv7i y{vcye Šlov7 ƒ n'v7lzn u u y¼f ºxp ẑu i ymé 0<F E< Sƒm_m_X.qgi a ~ fea : \BZ i Z\Ba \dvyz u\dmgf @i_[lre Z\BaismvXTvmbiba V^ ªÇ-Å L~ i ixm_ac\bqgfeaivm 4 r 6 Ç fezl[ 7 r [e\bk \d[pi_[ Tb r `_VeZklibn ],i f m X.ZL[pibn&Sm_mvX.q()a \dvyz2m S fyzl[ S a V 4 4.. 5 ªÇ 6 4.. 5 'Z Ç 7 4.. 5 j p%. È,Ŷ e Fi¼ ;ikq6ºxprnfl y{ Pi yc FiknPƒki s q;ƒ n'v7q ˆ s v7 Pi3s p j\l ˆ Ï- Šl y{i/ikqcq q qcprv7iâ'i y vcloj prv7i 4 É W y7l vcl º-i3p y Ïwjt¼I v v7l ƒ ¼ ;ikq?l yp ƒ= Flzimº-i ~+ Šlov7 i y{v7lzj pxv7i y 6 prnp~ 7 p y ˆ nf p-y Œ  Š Plzƒ= q7i) u loqci y Î Ï p ycy u jt¼iv7l n ¹ Å v7 Pprv?vC Fi ¼Fq ¼ q7v7l n B s%vcq u i n ni n ufẑˆ VÏV¼ v7 Pi y7i y l y n v ºxp nflzy7 FlznFs q 5 «É 5Pp jml ˆ Ï 7 l y?y7iki n+v qci y ufˆ v p y Ïwjt¼Iv v7l ƒkp ẑˆ Ï lznv7 Fi ÎYi y v"¼ ;ikqé 5 q prn ¼Fv7lzjmp ˆ ƒ= lzƒki s^vc Fi ƒ npy{vcprn'v ÂwvC Fi p y Ïwj+¼Fv vclzƒ¼ ci q s Î v7 6 p np~ 7 lzy;i6) u l ºxp ˆ ikn'v-é + všl y;n všƒ ˆ i p q-âw ;imº-ikqâ- v7 Plzy ¼Fv7lzjmp ˆ ƒ nyy v=prn'vxs q;i y vcloj prv7i 6 ƒkp n3îyi/s u np~?lzn p l º i n3¼fq Î ˆ ikj Šlov7 u velon'v7q ~ u ƒklonf+îfl p y-é i npƒ i ;i u y u p ẑˆ Ï ¼Fq7iks ikqši y vcloj pxvci 7 É 2w-) 3- )! */2/2 / 34-.%32 #;i y7lz~fi yšvc Fi\j\i n'v7l nfi ~ p ~lºxp n-v=pr-i s wn ˆ i ~I-i p,î u ve Ì lon)p?~ii ƒ l y{l ni j pr wlznf ƒ n-vci/.wv-â p ni y{v7lo j pxvci s Ì lzy u y7i s ufˆ v l º i3v7lz 'v7i qci y vcloj prv7i y s i q7q qcqcprv7i y lzn?j upˆ vcl ¼ ˆ i/v7i y{v7lznf+¼fq ƒki ~ u q7i yméw e FikqCi l yî Ï n p j ufˆ v7lov u ~Fi s9i q7q q;q=pxv7i ycs qšj upˆ vcl ¼ ˆ i^ VÏ ¼ vc Fi y7l y;v7i y{v7lznfâfy{i i^hw Yp%( ikqg ]Å & q Õ u ~ lov i v%p ˆ É9 - cs q%prn º-ikqxº'lzik 1É; e FiGj y{v3lzjt¼ q{v=prn'v npi y3p q7i jmlov{v7lznf?v7 Fi s p jml ˆ Ï' Šl y{i ikqcq qšqcprv7i % T i q{ ƒ jt¼pprqclzy n i q7q q\qcprv7i +É+ e Fi ¼Yi q{ ƒ j+¼yprqclzy ni q7q q\q=pxv7ì l y ~Ii/,PnPi ~+p y  vc Fi i/.l¼yi ƒ vci ~ n u j ÎZikq sj Ï ¼Zi + ikqcq qcy;~il º'l ~Ii ~žîvï vc Fi^v vcp ˆ n u j ÎZikq s9 VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{i ymé Å

Ä Ä Ì Ç È i q{ s prjml ˆ Ï ikqcq q qcprv7i ;É$ e Pi ¼Zikq7 s p j\l ˆ Ï i q7q q q=pxvci lzy ~Ii/,YnFi ~*y7lzj+¼ ˆ Ï+p y v7 Fi)i/.l¼Yi ƒ vci ~ n u j ÎZikq sw JÏV¼Zi + i q7q q=y-â É 5Yp ˆ y{i ~FlzyCƒ º-ikqxÏ3q=pxv7i ^ ;ÉJ e Fi s p ˆ y7ix~il ycƒ º i q Ï3qCprv7i l yo~ii,pnfi ~ p y $  Š FikqCi l y vc Fiv¼Fq ¼ q7v7l n sos p ˆ y7i ˆ Ï qci9 i ƒ v7i ~` ÏV¼ vc Fi y7i y Y Œ Ä;: Ä* h'v qcimï r ' X ;p-ycv7 Fi,Pq=y{vŠv j pr i u y7i swprni y{v7lzj pxv7i s%"ì%v l º i^p ˆ i y7yšƒ npy7ikqxºxpxvcl º-i/i y vcloj pxvci szv7 Pies p ˆ y{iš~il y7ƒ º i q Ï q=pxvci "AÉ + n y7i ƒ vcl n/ ;iš Šl ôˆ y7 1Âr ci-º ikqâ v7 Pprv v7 Fi ¼Fq ¼ y{i ~Gi y vcloj pxvci s "Ì3lzǹ h'v qcimï r - - - W Pp y;pnº-ikqxï ˆ prqc ioºxp q7l prnpƒkišs qe~ii-¼yi np~iikn'v;v7i y vey v=pxv7l y{v7l ƒky;prnp~mvc Ppxv u qj¼fq ¼ y7i ~ i y{v7lzj pxvcigpº l ~FyXv7 Fl yo¼fq Î ˆ i j"é e Fi1¼Fq ¼ y7i ~ i y{v7lzj pxvci y s% Ì ƒkp ǹ p-yš ci ôˆ ÎZi u y7i ~ v l º i ˆ i y7yšƒ npy7ikqxºxpxvcl º-i%i y vcloj prv7i y s9vc FiN¼Zikq7 ƒ jt¼pprqclzy n\prnp~+¼zikq7 s p jml ˆ Ï i q7q qjqcprv7i yméw e Fioºxp ẑu i szv7 Pio¼Yi q{ ƒ j+¼yprqclzy n\prnp~a¼yi q{ s prjml ˆ Ï ikqcq qwqcprv7i prqci^ l º i n s q p,3.wi ~?qci9 i ƒ vcl ǹ qcik-l n ªÇ ÎVÏ Ì Ç Ä žì È e Fioºxp ẑu i s="ìšlzy u nf wn ŠnAÎ u vjî u np~fi ~+ÎVÏN$ÉW e Fioºxp ẑu i syvc FiŠikqCq qwqcprv7i ywƒ prn\v7 u yîzioî u np~fi ~ s q j p,î º ieîvï prny~ ) É e Fi y7iî u np~fyšprqci%qcprv7 Fi qeƒ npy7ikqxºxpxvcl º-i3losOv7 PikqCi^p q7i^p ˆ v sjv7q u i^n nf n ufẑˆ VÏ ¼ vc Fi y7i y-é)igƒ prn u y7i u qši y{v7lzj pxvci Ì7 s%žìâiv ¼Fq ~ u ƒki ˆ i ycyšƒ npy7ikqxº prv7l º i i y{v7lzj pxvci y-é + v3l y y u ƒ lzikn'v v qci y{v7qcl ƒ v u qcy7i ˆ º i y;v v7 Pi ƒkp-y{i s +ÂYp yevc Fi ƒkp-y{i s s ôˆ y ÎVÏ j upˆ vcl ¼ ˆ ÏwlonP Šl vc " É e Fi1¼Fq ¼ y7i ~?i y{v7lzj pxv7i s $l y 7 È e Fl y i y vcloj pxvcigl y3p ˆ epïwy3y{j p ẑˆ ikqšvc PprnvC Fi ƒ npy7ikqxºxpxv7l º i u ¼~¼Yi q Î u np~  É,i prqcigy{v7l ôˆ n v7 Pi3y7prs i y{l ~IiÂ- ;imº-ikqârp ywvc Fi3i y vcloj prv7išl ymâ ÎVÏ e Fi qcikj Å ˆ prqc i qwv7 Pp nmv7 FiŠvCq u iyºxp ẑu i s Šlov7 prqxîflov7q=prqcl ˆ Ï Flz "¼Fq ÎPpÎFl ˆ lov]ïšå4 J Å4 JÈ Ê lz i Šlzy7ims q v7 Fiž¼Yi q{ s prjml ˆ Ï)ikqCq qgq=pxv7i +É e Pi ¼Fq ¼ y7i ~,i y{v7lzj pxvci y ƒ prn Fi npƒ ižîyi u y{iks ufˆ s q i y{v7lzj pxvclonf`vc Fimj\i n'v7l nfi ~ i q7q q%qcprv7i y^lon p ˆ i y7y^ƒ npy7ikqxº prv7l º i s p y7 Fl n vc Pprn, Šlov7,v7 Fi\vCq7l ºwlzp ˆ Î u np~ Ì ' É + nh'v q7i-ï ' ;Â9prn,i y{v7lzjmprv7i " Ä Ì Y s;v7 Fims p ˆ y7i ~Il y7ƒ º i q Ïq=pxv7i sep`qci9 i ƒ v7l n,q7i l n ªÇ l y¼fq ¼ y{i ~7ÂI Š Fi q7i%v7 Pi i y{v7lzjmprv7i Ì l ye l º ikn"îvï Ì Ä m 'Z Å PpºwlznF\v7 FiN¼Pq ¼Yi q{v]ï Ì " Ì p np~! "!! "AÉ v7i^vc Ppxv3v7 Fl y3ƒ npy7ikqxºxpxv7l º ie¼fq ¼Zikq7v]Ï l y n ˆ Ïžº p ˆ l ~ u np~fikq3p-y7y u jt¼iv7l n swpt¼ lzn'v3n ufôˆ VÏ ¼ vc Fi y7i y-âfié É Ð Ì Ò¾ Ä \s q3p ôˆ ÃÄ ÅÇ-ÈmÈ-ÈTÇq p np~ l yx Fi npƒ i ˆ lzjml vci ~?lon l v=ycp¼ª¼ ˆ lzƒ p,îfl ˆ lov]ïé5 u q{vc FikqCj qciâ v7 FieºxprqClzp npƒ i s v7 Fl y;i y{v7lzj pxv7i s Ì l yjîzi ƒ jmlznf º i q Ï ˆ p q7-ims q ~Fim¼ZiknP~Ii n'v v7i y v\y v=pxv7l y{v7l ƒky p-y Šl ôˆ ÎYi y{i ikn lzn v7 Fi n u j\i q7l ƒkp ˆ i/.fp j+¼ ˆ i y lon y{i ƒ v7l n1~é e Fi^vCq u i%s p ˆ y7i ~IlzyCƒ º-ikqxÏ qcprv7i^l y;v7 Fi n"º-ikqxï s qci6) u ikn'v ˆ Ï u np~iikqci y{v7lzj pxvci ~7É ÅÅ ]Å '

Å È * u qši y vcloj pxvci Ì7 ƒ nvº ikqc i y v p y vciknp~fyšv ki q É + v3ƒ prn v7 Fi n"îzi y{ Šn?vC PpxvŠs q y u ƒkloi n-v ˆ Ï y7jmp ôˆ Â Ì 7 Æ Ì prny~7â;p-y\s q\v7 Pii y{v7lzjmprv7ilznhwv qcimï* r - - T 7 " s q\v7 PinFik i y{v7lzj pxvci " 7 Ä Ì 7 YAÈ e Fl y i y{v7lzj pxvcišlzy p ˆ epïiy ˆ i y7y ƒ npy7ikqxºxpxv7l º i;vc Pprn\v7 Pi ƒ= VÎYi q7 v]ïv¼zi;i y vcloj prv7io Y+ Š Fl ˆ išvc FiŠq7l y7 s u np~fikqci y{v7lzjmprv7lznf vc Fi v7q u i s p ˆ y7ig~il y7ƒ º i q Ï q=pxvcigl y n ˆ Ï`jmp q7-lonyp ẑˆ Ï Plo- FikqÉŠ e Flzy3lzy/prnlzj+¼Pq º-ikjmikn'v º i q;v7 Fi i y vcloj pxvci^lon h'v qcimï r ' TÉ y³vţ Q²,i Šl ẑˆ ~Ii j npy{v7q=pxv7i%vc Fi1¼ ;ikq sov7 Pi1¼Fq ¼ y{i ~?i y vcloj prv7i ye Šlov7 y7loj ufˆ pxv7i ~prnp~ jmlzƒkq prqcqcpï ~FprvCpªÉ e Fi\i y{v7lzj pxv7i y 4  6 prny~ 7 prqci ƒ p ˆ ƒ ufˆ pxvci ~ p-y/~ii y7ƒkq7l ÎZi ~ pî º-iÉ ' n ˆ i ~I i p,î u v/v7 Fim~Iim¼ZiknF ~Ii npƒ izîzi v ;ikikǹ vc Fi^v7i y v y{vcpxvclzy{v7l ƒkyel yšn v u y{i ~ s qev7 FiGƒ npy{v7q u ƒ v7l n s9vc Fi i y{v7lzj pxvci y s% %p np~ž Ì É,i u y{i%vc FiGp ˆ q7lov7 Fj sjy7i ƒ v7l n lé ªÉ $&) %&534-)! $9- %&$,i^v7i y{vo ƒ j+¼ npikn'vcy sjp\qcp np~ j º p q7l p,î ˆ i$+ s q p\p-y7y ƒ l pxvcl n Šl vc paîplonpp q Ï qci y ¼ npy7iºxp q7l p,î ˆ i # s qoºxp q ÏwlznFtº p ôu i y s ÉX e Fi qci y ¼ npy{izºxprqcl p,î ˆ i^ Pp yšp#;ikqcn ufôˆ l ~Il y vcq7l Î u vcl n Šl vc ( Ä* ~È &ªÉ e Fi q=prnp~ j ºxprqClzpÎ ˆ i + lzy n qcj p ẑˆ Ï ~Il y{v7qcl Î u v7i ~  Šlov7 pmƒ ºxprqClzp npƒ i%j pxvcq7l. s9v7 Fi^s q7j 6 eä : + Çe prny~ pšjmi prn1º-i ƒ v qm Šl vc ƒ j+¼ npikn'vcy ÄÅ Å 6 Ç Š PikqCi Ö Ä Å Ì.! ~Ii vcikqcj\lznfi y Š Fikv7 Fi q v7 Pi ÏV¼ vc Fi y7lzyãxlzy p vcq u i n ufẑˆ VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{i y losvö Ä - qšn v losö Ä Å ;É 5 qwi p ƒ= \ VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{l y%ãäåçmè-èmètç l v l yjv7i y vci ~ Šl vc vc Fi l ˆ ƒ. ngv7i y v losyvc Fiejmi prn syv7 FiŠ~Il y{v7qcl Î u v7l n s!+c WlzyelznP~Ii-¼Yi np~ii n-v s # É ÃÄ Ã Ä r ' 5 q * Ä Å ªÂ *šä \p np~ Ä ;igy7 lzn 59lz u q7ig v7 Pi ikjt¼flzq7l ƒkp ˆ ~Ilzy{v7qCl Î u v7l n s B \ pxv ˆ imº i ˆ $Ä ªÈ &- Ws q &r y{lzj upˆ prv7l npy;p y;p s u nyƒ v7l n s vc Fi%n u j ÎZikq s v7i y vci ~? ÏV¼ vc Fi y7i y-é e Fi ¼ ci q s9p ƒ n'v7q ẑˆ lznf jmi vc ~ Š Fl ƒ= ƒ q7qci y ¼ np~fyšv 4 Šl vc 8 Ä lzn u q%ƒkp-y{i ºxprnFl y{ Pi yšs q ˆ prqc i p-y i/.l¼zi ƒ v7i ~ s q j e Fi qcikj ªÉ + nms p ƒ vâ s q *šä Å %v7 Fi i y vcloj prv7iyºxprnplzy7 Fi yxlz~fikn'v7l ƒkp ôˆ ÏGs qcp ẑˆ ºxp ôu i y sv É/ e PiA¼Fq ¼ y7i ~i y vcloj prv7i y 6 prny~ 7 y{ ) u p ˆ lovcprv7l º i ˆ Ïp?~Il ( ikqcikn'vîzik Ppºwl u qé 5JlzqCy{v-ÂZv7 Piklzq ¼ ci q/l y^p ˆ q7i p ~lï ) u lov7i ˆ p q7-igs q$*)ä Å ªÉGhwi ƒ np~7â v7 Pi+¼ ;ikq^p ƒ v u p ẑˆ Ï`lznPƒkq7i p y7i y3s q%lonpƒkq7i p y7lonp  ƒ nvº ikqc lznf v p+¼ y{lov7l º izºxp ẑu i%s qoº-ikqxï ˆ prqc ieº p ôu i y s ÂFp yei/.l¼zi ƒ v7i ~ s q j e Fi q7i j lé + nmv7 Pi3nFi.'vey{lzj upˆ prv7l nm ci3i/.fprjmlznfišv7 Pi3i/( i ƒ v s lznpƒ qci p-y{lznfg~ii-¼yi np~ii npƒ iîyikv ci iknmv7 Pi v7i y v;y v=pxv7l y{v7l ƒky-é + n ¼Yprq7v7l ƒ ufˆ prqây ;i ƒ jt¼pp q7i u q%i y{v7lzjmprv7i Ì7 v v7 Fi\i y{v7lzj pxvci Ì sv"ìâ p y¼fq ¼ y7i ~lzn)hiƒ= w ;i ~Ii q prny~`hv¼ v º ẑˆ ]Å Ž- - ;prnp~h'v q7i-ï ' ;Âwi) u pxv7l n ]Å - TÉ Å

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 32 128 512 2048 m 32 128 512 2048 m 32 128 512 2048 m 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 32 128 512 2048 32 128 512 2048 32 128 512 2048 m m m 5Jlo u qci ªÒ e Fi q=pxv7l p yšp s u npƒ v7l n s%$âfv7 Fi n u jaîyi q s9v7i y{v7i ~` ÏV¼ vc Fi y7i y-éxhw ŠnprqCi 4 ˆ i s vâf Šlov7 8"Ä ' ; 6 jml ~F~ ˆ iâf Šlov7 < Ä ªÈ Å ;prny~ 7 qclo- -v Xs q pmy7p jt¼ ˆ i^y7lo i s6å lzn v7 Fi u ¼~¼Yi q q p np~ r lonvc Fi ˆ ;ikq3q 1É e Fi i y{v7lzjmprv7i 4 ƒ q7qci y ¼ np~fyšv ƒ n'v7q ˆ swv7 Pi prnp~lov^ƒ prn ÎZiGy{i ikn v7 PprvŠv7 Fi1¼ ci qelzyšq=pxvc Fikq¼ w q prny~ ºxprnPlzy7 Fi y;s q ˆ p q7-i É e Fi1¼Fq ¼ y7i ~?i y{v7lzj pxv7i y 6 p np~ 7 y{ lonyƒ qci p y7lznfa¼ ;ikq;v ~Iikv7i ƒ všv7q u i^n ni n ufẑˆ VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{i y;s qšj prnvï vci y{v7i ~` VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{i ymé 1000 400 0 400 800 0 200 400 600 800 0 20 40 60 80 110 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 ρ 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 ρ 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 ρ 5Jlo u qci ªÒ,i y{ s q3óä Å - )p np~ Ä Å + ~ v{vci ~ ˆ lonfi \v7q u in ni n upôˆ VÏV¼ v7 Pi y7i ymvc Fi ~Il y vcq7l Î u vcl n s v7 Pq7i i i y vcloj pxvci y se s q\lznpƒkq7i p y7lonf,~iik-q7i i y s/~fim¼ziknp~ii npƒ i ÎZi v ;iki nv7 Pi vci y{v y{vcpxvclzy{v7l ƒky-é */n?vc Fi ˆ i s v3prny~ jmlz~p~ ˆ i1¼yprnfi ˆ ci y7 Ä Ì ÂI Š Fi q7i Ì lzy;vc Fi i y{v7lzj pxvci s "Ì lznh'v qcimï r - - T npƒki% Šlov7 v7 PiGƒ jmj nƒ= lzƒki s!žä* ªÈ &` ˆ i s v= ep np~ npƒki% Šlov7 `vc FizÎ w v=y vcqcp¼ª¼zi ~ ºxp ẑu i s ) jmlz~p~ ˆ i ;É */n v7 Fi/q7lz 'v-â'vc Fi ¼Fq ¼ y7i ~ i y{v7lzjmprv7i 7 lzyey7 Šn É! vci vc Fi%~Fl-( ikqcikn'všy7ƒ p ˆ i s v7 Plzyo¼ ˆ v-é Å

,igy{ikvšs qoîzi v{vcikq3ƒ jt¼pp q7l y n Ä«Ì ÉX e Fi1¼Yprq=prjmi vcikq Pp-y;v ÎZiGƒ= y7ikǹ Fi u q7l y vclzƒ p ẑˆ ÏÉ ¹ Î ' vcy{v7q=p,¼`jmi v7 ~ s q prn ¼IvCloj p ˆ ƒ= l ƒ i s ep y¼fq ¼ y7i ~?lon h'v qcimï r ' TÉ e Fi\~Ilzy{v7qCl Î u v7l n s Šlov7 v7 Fi j y v^ƒ j\j n ƒ= l ƒ i s šä ªÈ & Šp np~ Šl vc v7 Pi ºxp ẑu i s ƒ= y{i nšîvï vc Fi+Î w v=y vcqcp¼ jmi vc ~P l y^y{ Šnlon 59lz u q7i s qe Ä Å - m VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{i y/p np~š Ä Å v7q u i^n ni n ufẑˆ VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{i ymé + v`ƒ prn«îzi)y7iki nv7 Ypxv?vC Fi i y vcloj prv7i lzy n vy u l v=p,î ˆ is qy{v7q nf~ii-¼yi np~ii npƒ ï ÎYikv ci iknvc Fi vci y{v y{vcpxvclzy{v7l ƒkycs q;i l vc FikqŠƒ= lzƒki s EÉ + n?s p-ƒ v-â l y ) u lov7i s v7ikǹ nfi -pxvcl º-i q;j p nflov u ~Fi y ˆ p q7-ikqxv7 Pp n?vc Fi v7q u i1 Ä Å - i-º ikǹ s q3p\j ~Ii qcprv7ig~ii-¼yi np~ii npƒ i ˆ lo -i Ä ªÈ ÅÉ e Pq7i y{ ˆ ~FlonF\vC FiGi y{v7lzj pxvci pxv3 q Ì prv cq7i y ˆ º-i yxv7 Fl y¼fq Î ˆ ikj ÂVÎ u všvc Fi ƒ npy{i q ºxprv7l º i ¼Pq ¼Yi q{v]ï ) Šl ẑˆ loǹ i nfikq=p ˆ ÎZi ˆ y{v-é v7 Pq7i y{ ˆ ~FlonF\l yenfi ƒki ycy7p q Ï s qevc Fi¼Pq ¼ y{i ~ i y{v7lzj pxvci y 4  6 prnp~ 7 p-yxvc FiklzqŠq=prnF-i3l y ˆ lzj\lov7i ~ npprv u q=p ẑˆ Ï+ÎVÏ ~Çq É ¹ ˆ v7 u - v7 Pi3i y{v7lzj pxvci 7 q;i6) u l º p ˆ i n'v ˆ Ï Ì 7 Xl ycy ˆ lz 'v ˆ ÏmnFi -pxvcl º-i ˆ Ï\p (Zi ƒ vci ~ ÎVÏ lznpƒ qci p-y{lznf~ii-¼yi np~iiknyƒ i ÎZi v ;iki n,v7 Fi vci y{v y{vcpxvclzy{v7l ƒky-â vc Fi jmi p n y) u p q7i ~ i q7q q^l ygj u ƒ= ÎZi v7v7i q v7 Yprǹ s qevc Fi i y{v7lzj pxv7iz¼fq ¼ y7i ~ lznhwv qcimï) r - - - ;É,i ~Ilz~,n vgy{ $v7 Fi ƒ qcq7i yq¼ np~flonf`qci y ufˆ v=y%s q^vc Fimi y{v7lzjmprv7i 4 v7 Fi n u jaîyi q s;q7i i ƒ vcl n) Š Pl ˆ i ƒ n'v7q ẑˆ lznf v7 Fims p j\l ˆ Ï- Šl y{i\ikqcq q^qcprv7i %p-y3vc Fi i y{v7lzj pxvcicº p nfl y{ Fi y%lz~ii n'v7l ƒkp ẑˆ Ïs q u qgy{ikv{vclonfé e Fi qci y ufˆ v=y;s qevc Fi^i y{v7lzjmprv7i 6 prqci^y7lzj\l ˆ prq;v v7 Pi q7i y ufˆ vcy;s qši y{v7lzj pxv7i 7 Šl vc?vc FiG~Il y7p-~lºxprn'vcp i/v7 Pprv p+ºxp ẑu i s Pp y;v ÎYiGƒ= y7ikǹ qcprv7 Fi qep q ÎPl vcqcp q7l ˆ ÏÉ 5JlonYp ẑˆ ÏÂ- ;i3ƒ jt¼pprqcišv7 Pi v7 Pq7i i i y{v7lzj pxv7i yv Y #;ikn%{p j\lznflo ƒ= ÎZikqC^v]ÏV¼Yi ;Â Ì e p-yv¼fq ¼ y7i ~ lzn,h'v qcimï ' Š Šlov7 $Ä ~È &- ; prnp~ v7 FimnFi i y{v7lzj pxvci Ì 7 e lzn vcikqcjmy sj¼fq ÎPpÎFl ˆ lov]ï s u ny~iikq7 i y{v7lzj pxvclonf v7 Fi v7q u igs p ˆ y7i ~Il y7ƒ º i q Ï q=pxvci prny~lonvcikqcj y s jmi prn y7) u prqci ~`ikqcq q-é + v%lzy/ƒ ˆ i prq3v7 Pprv3vC Fi qclzy7 s u np~ii q7i y vcloj pxvclonpv7 Fi?v7q u i s p ˆ y7i?~il y7ƒ º ikqxï q=pxvci lzy y{j p ôˆ i y{vgs qgv7 Fi j y v\ƒ nyy{i q ºxpxvCl º-imi y{v7lo j pxvciâyy7i v7v7lznf Ì Ä Â~Î u v n ˆ Ï jmp q7-lonyp ẑˆ Ï Plo- Fikq3s qšvc Fi ˆ i ycy ƒ npy{i q ºxprv7l º i i y{v7lzj pxvci Ì 7 YAÉ + n ƒ n'v7q=p y{v-âfvc Fi\i y{v7lzjmprv7i Ì Y$ Yp y%p y u ÎPy v=prn'v7l p ˆ q7l y7 s u np~ii q7i y vcloj prv7lznf v7 Pi vcq u i s p ˆ y{i ~IlzyCƒ º-ikqxÏ q=pxv7ié! #"%$'& () *,+.-/ 0 1 02 345-67 1 + *2 /2 89 9:; 0 <5 = > }%?A@BB CBB DBB E?FB B = G B = H B = I B B = G B = H B = I B B = G B = H B = I >K}5LNM J & =O9G =O9G = BP =O B = BB = B H = B I = BQ = BB = B G = BB = BB > LNM & = B O =O B = BP =O B = BB = B O = B G = B G = BB = BB = BB = BB >SR J } LNM & = Q H = QB = Q O = QB = G D = Q I = Q@ = Q I = DQ = DP = G D = Q I $ i -prq=~ilznfvc Fi jmi prn y7) u prqci ~ikqcq q-âjv7 Pi i y vcloj pxvci s/h'v q7i-ï r - - - l yaîzi y{v\s q\lonp~fim¼ziknp~ii n'v\vci y{v y{vcpxvclzy{v7l ƒky-é!5 qwqci p y nyp,î ˆ Ï/y{v7q nf%~iim¼zikny~iikn'vjv7i y{v y v=pxv7l y{v7l ƒky-âx ci-º i q-â v7 Fi¼Fq ¼ y7i ~^i y vcloj prv7i Ì 7 Y ~ i ygn v n ˆ Ï) Ppº i ˆ ci q q7l y{ s u np~ii q7i y vcloj pxvclonpv7 FimvCq u ims p ˆ y7i ~Il y7ƒ º i q Ïq=pxvCi+Î u v p ˆ y p ˆ ;ikq jmi p ǹ y7) u prqci ~ ikqcq q-é 3' 9-S2 TU+ 1 0/S 0 1 V' WX ZY[]\_^X(`3a+ 1. 9/4;bO Bc = > E B = G B = H B = I B B = G B = H B = I B B = G B = H B = I J & H @ = O B = I P Q = G G D Q \ P \ W Q = \ I D \ P \ \ Q \ > & Q C O O Q H O Q = Q O B Q = D D = D @ = B B G Q \ P \ G Q \ B \ \ D \ \ B G P \ J } & = Q O = B I O B = B O Q P D = H B G C \ Q \ \ D \ \ B B I @ \ }?F@BB CBB DBB?FB >K}5LNM G.= II O9G.O O9I PQ G.O H;G I.= GH W_= I;\ WdG.= WdG.= G;\ W_= BD W_= W_O= G;\ W O= W_= BQ W = W_= H;I;\ W O= G;\ LNM =O CQ GH D;C GI W_= W_=O W_= W_= GHe\ W_= BB I;\ W_= BD W = B@D W =O W = BBQ W = W = BD G;\ W =O9G;\ >SR LNM BP OO P;C GG.O GI DD O= GG W_= GI;\ W_= W_= He\ W_= Q;C W_= BB I;\ W_= B@ W_=O W = G.OX\ W = BBQ W_= He\ W = W =O0He\ Å

J J J J J * u q ˆ lzjml vci ~ y7lzj ufˆ pxvcl ni/.l¼zikqcloi npƒ ì y u - i y v=y^v7 Pprv hwv qcimï ygi y vcloj pxvci Ì e l y ¼FqCi s i qcpî ˆ i s q lonf ~Ii-¼Yi np~iikn'v\v7i y v y v=pxvclzy{v7l ƒky-â Š Fi q7i p y vc Fi ¼Fq ¼ y7i ~ i y{v7lzj pxvci Ì 7 e l y ÎZi y{vms q\q7i p y nppî ˆ Ï,y vcq nf ~Ii-¼Yi np~iiknyƒ i1îzi v ;ikikǹ vc Fi^v7i y v3y{vcprv7l y vclzƒ ymé )o()/2 3/2/23 $#34-.3 lov7 `j\l ƒ q p q7q=pï y{v u ~Iloi y;l velzy6¼ ycy{l Î ˆ i3v j npl v q;v7 Fi%i/.l¼FqCi ycy7l n3ºxp ẑu i y s9y7imº-ikq=p ˆ v7 u y7p np~ -iknfi y y7loj ufˆ v=prnfi u y ˆ ÏÉ ¹ ƒ jmj np loj Šl vc j\l ƒ q p q7q=pï y{v u ~Ilzi y lzy v,pnp~~fl-( ikqcikn'v7l p ẑˆ Ï?i/.l¼FqCi ycy7i ~` i nfi y-â ié ~É% i nfi y/ Š y{i i/.l¼fqci ycy{l nÿºxp ẑu i y/y7 y3p`y Ïwy{v7i j pxv7l ƒnºxp q7l pxvcl n prj nf ~Il-( ikqcikn'v^ q u ¼YymÉ %l º-ikn p qci y ¼ npy7i1º p q7l p,î ˆ i># ˆ lo -i v u j u q v]ïv¼zi q/ƒ ˆ lonfl ƒkp ˆ u vcƒ jmiâflov%ƒ prn ÎZiGv7i y vci ~`s q3i p-ƒ= iknpi l s vc Fi i/.l¼fqci ycy7l n+ºxp ôu i y%+ p q7i/p ycy ƒ l pxvci ~m Šlov7 # É)i ˆ w my ¼Yi ƒ l,yƒkp ôˆ Ï pxvxvc FqCiki jml ƒ q prqcq=pï y v u ~Ilzi y-é e Fi qci y ¼ npy{izºxprqcl p,î ˆ i^lzyoîplonpp q Ï?loni p-ƒ= `ƒ p y7i prnp~"¼fqci ~Il ƒ v=yev7 PiGƒ ˆ lonfl ƒkp ˆ u vcƒ jmi s%îpq7i p y{všƒ prnpƒkikqâlºxprn v iki q^i v p ˆ ÉW r - - TÂZ~Flzy{v7lznF u lzy7 Fi yeîzi v ;iki n)~il (Zi q7i n'v^y u ÎIv]ÏV¼Zi y s ˆ i u -ikjml pªâ ẑu Î)i v p ˆ ÉJ qå - - T q lznp~il ƒkpxvci yšpîpy{i npƒ i p np~"¼fq7i y{i npƒ i s ƒ ˆ ǹ ƒ prnpƒkikqâ ¹ ˆ ni v3p ˆ É qå - - TÉ,ì ƒ jt¼pprqci vc Fì i y{v7lzjmprv7i y 4 Šlov7 8 ÄU - T 6 Šlov7 «Ä ~È &prnp~ «Ä ªÈ Å prnp~ 7 É e Fi i y{v7lzj pxvci 4 lzy/i6) u l ºxp ˆ ikn'v3v v7 Pi n u j ÎZikq s qci9 i ƒ vcl npy Š Fi n ƒ n'v7q ẑˆ lznfmv7 Pi pxv ˆ imº-i ˆ ªÉ & prny~ ªÉ ªÅÉ 5 qšv7 Fi i y{v7lzjmprv7i y 6 prnp~ 7 ÂZ ci u y{i vc Fi p¼ª¼fq p ƒ= p y ˆ p lz~ u v lon y7i ƒ v7l n ªÉ ~É + npy{v7i p ~ s 4 ÂO ;imº-ikqâ ci u y7i\v7 Fi j qcit¼ ;ikq7s ufˆ y{v7i-¼i ~ Šn)jmi vc ~ s )i y v7s p ẑˆ prnp~ u nf ]Å ' Šv ƒ n'v7q ˆ v7 Fi%s p j\l ˆ Ï- Šl y{i%ikqcq qcq=pxvciâi Š Fl ƒ= `lzyšy ˆ lz 'v ˆ Ï ˆ i ycyšƒ npy{i q ºxprv7l º i vc Pprn v7 Pie¼ZikqCj u vcpxvcl ni ÎPp y7i ~ p,¼~¼fq p ƒ= u np~fikq/v7 Fi\ƒ jt¼ ˆ i vci n ufẑˆ ÏV¼ vc Fi y7lzy-é ¹ ~F~Ilov7l npp ôˆ Ï`v7 Fi\n u j ÎZikq s qci9 i ƒ v7l nyyšs q%ƒ n-vcq ˆ s  u y{lznfmv7 Pi8# nis ikqcq nfl ƒ q7qci ƒ v7l n Âwl yšy{ Šn É 89-0+ 03'. 1 92 >? G > O >? J G - G P O Q O Q I Q O B H @ G > Q I C O B H Q > J G P I BBB?FQD;C?FDP@Q B BD > ` -U*d 0 1 - DD GII > `;1 0 /. IH > `?FB Q@ `?FB BD Q;CB K @D;C QDD? B B O > J ` -U*d 0 1 - Q G O @ O B > `;1 0 /. - Q I G B G B > `?FB O G D I P II @;C J > `?FB BD GII @BP O Q I J > K GH D P OO O9GI lov7 v7 Fi^i y{v7lzj pxvci y 6 q 7 ƒ npy{l y{v7ikn'v ˆ Ï j qci/v7q u i/n ni n ufôˆ VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{i yeprqci%~iikv7i ƒ v7i ~ vc Pprǹ Šlov7 ƒ n'v7q ˆ sjv7 Fi^s p jml ˆ Ï' Šl y{i^i q7q q;qcprv7iâi Š Flzƒ= l yei6) u l ºxp ˆ ikn'všv v7 Pi i y{v7lzjmprv7i 4 É v7ievc Ppxv vc FiŠ-p lon s u y7lznf%v7 Fiy¼Pq ¼ y{i ~ i y vcloj pxvci y ƒ jt¼pp q7i ~Gv ƒ n'vcq ˆ szv7 Fi ~Fim¼ZiknP~Fy n v7 Pi n u j ÎZikq sjv7i y vci ~ VÏ ¼ vc Fi y7i y-é + np~ii i ~7ÂwvC Fi ˆ i p y{v ~Iq=prj pxvclzƒ%-p lon Š Plzƒ= `lzy3y vcl ẑˆ q u - ˆ Ï p s p-ƒ v q s u q= Wl y s q v7 Pi3ƒ ˆ nmƒ prnpƒkikqxp np~ ˆ i u -ikjmlzp ~PpxvCpG Šl vc mv7 Fi ˆ ;i y{v n u j ÎZikq s v7i y{v7i ~m VÏ ¼ vc Fi y7i y-éw e Fi -p lon l ygj y v ¼Pq n u nyƒ i ~,s qgvc Fi ÎFqCi p-y v7 ƒ prnpƒkikqg~fprvcp~âj Š PikqCi n v\p y{lznf ˆ i qci9 i ƒ vcl nƒkprn ÎZi?j p-~ii Š Fi ǹ ƒ n'v7q ẑˆ lznf prv ˆ imº-i ˆ $Ä ªÈ ªÅ3 Š Pl ˆ i%v7 Fi%i y{v7lzj pxv7i 7 prvcvc Fi y7p jmi ˆ imº-i ˆ lony~ilzƒ pxvci ycv7 Pprv v7 PikqCi^p q7i^j qci%v7 Pp nyå v7q u i^n ufẑˆ VÏ ¼ vc Fi y7i y-é 5Fq j p ¼Fq=pr-j pxv7l ƒ ¼ lzn-v snºwloi 1Ši y{v7lzj pxv7l n s1 l yž¼fq ÎPp,Î ˆ Ï j y v u y{iks ufˆ l s^v7 Pi n u j ÎZikq s qci9 i ƒ v7l npy/s q%ƒ n'v7q ˆ s l y/ ikq? q^ƒ ˆ y{i v ki q É + n)v7 Pi\ƒ p y7i sxv7 Fi ˆ i u -ikjmlzp ~Fpxv=pªÂ j qci v7 Yprn ~Il (Zi q7i n'v7l p ẑˆ Ïmi/.l¼FqCi ycy7i ~\ i nfi ycprqcišs u ny~ Šl vc?ƒ n'v7q ˆ s AÂwp ˆ q7i p ~lï\j qciev7 Pp n j y{v ÎFl ˆ -lzy{vcy¼fq ÎYp,Î ˆ Ï ;p n'vjv ~Ii p ˆ Šlov7 É5 q v7 FioÎPq7i p y{v ƒ prnpƒkikq ~FprvCp n\vc Fi vc Fikq Pp np~ n ˆ ÏNº-ikqxÏ s ik Å&

qci9 i ƒ v7l npy3ƒkprn ÎZiGj p ~Ii u np~iikq%ƒ n-vcq ˆ s ÂY Š Fl ˆ ig ;i ikv imºwl ~IiknPƒki s q/p y u ÎYy v=prn'v7l p ˆ p j u n'v sjv7q u i^n ni n ufẑˆ VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{i ye Š Fikn u y7lonp u qo¼fq ¼ y7i ~ i y{v7lzj pxv7i ymé Á± - % má±,i ¼FqCi y7ikn'v7i ~ p i nfikq=p ˆ s qcp jmik qc v ) ÎIv=prlzn ˆ ;ikqn¼pq ÎPp,ÎFl ˆ lzy{v7l ƒcî u np~pygs qgv7 Pi?n u j ÎZikqA s v7q u i^n ni n ufẑˆ VÏ ¼ vc Fi y7i y q-âwi6) u l ºxp ˆ ikn'v ˆ Ï u ¼ª¼Yi qo¼fq ÎPpÎFl ˆ l y vclzƒî u np~fy;s q;v7 Fi^n u j ÎZikq s v7q u i^n ufẑˆ VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{i ymé e Fimn u j ÎZikq1 Ì scv7q u imn upôˆ VÏV¼ v7 Fi y{i y^lzyzî u np~ii ~) Šlov7 Yº i q Ï Flz ¼Fq ÎPpÎFl ˆ lov]ïs q j p,î º i s q prqxîflov7q=prqxï prnp~ u nf wn Šn~Ii-¼Yi np~iiknyƒ i1îzi v ;ikikǹ vc Fi^v7i y v3y{vcprv7l y vclzƒ y vîvï vc Fi1¼Fq ¼ y7i ~ i y vcloj prv7i s"ìé e Fiž¼Fq ¼Yi q{vcloi y s3pš¼pp q{vclzƒ ufˆ prq i y vcloj prv7i syžì~ii-¼yi np~ n v7 Fiƒ= lzƒki sšvc Fì y ƒkp ôˆ i ~YÎ u np~ilznf s u npƒ v7l n É 5 q%p yq¼zi ƒklzp ˆ ƒ= lzƒki swv7 Plzy s u npƒ vcl n  ƒ n-vcq ˆ s vc Fi s prjml ˆ Ï' Šlzy7iGi q7q qšq=pxvci lzy/q7i ƒ º-ikqCi ~7É e Fi1¼ ci q s 8ºxp nflzy7 Fi ymâf ci-º ikqâ'loǹ v7 Pi ˆ lzjml v sjj prnvï vci y{v7i ~ VÏV¼ v7 Pi y7i y-é,imp q7imp,î ˆ i\v j pr -i\p~il (Zi q7i n'v ƒ= l ƒ i sxvc FitÎ u np~ilznf`s u npƒ v7l n y u ƒ= vc Ppxv^v7 Pi+¼ ;ikq%v ~Iikv7i ƒ v v7q u i n ni n ufôˆ VÏ ¼ vc Fi y7i yxq7i j prlznpy¼ y7l vcl º-i imº-ikn\s qclon,ynfl vci ˆ Ïmjmp nvï vci y{v7i ~m VÏV¼ v7 Pi y7i y-é + n s p-ƒ vâ vc Fi ¼ ci q s9vc Fi1¼Fq ¼ y7i ~?i y{v7lzjmprv7i l yelonyƒ qci p y7lznfm Šl vc vc Fi n u j ÎZikq s9vci y{v7i ~ VÏV¼ v7 Pi y7i y-é,imy7 ;i ~ Šl vc vc Fi q7ikv7l ƒkp ˆ ƒ npy7lz~ii qcprv7l npy%prny~ n u jmikqcl ƒkp ˆ i.ip jt¼ ˆ i y/v7 Pprv%vC Fit¼Fq ¼ y7i ~i y vcloj pxvci sv Ì lzy-â imº i n u np~fikq^y vcq nf?~ii-¼yi np~iiknyƒ i+îyikv ci iknvc Fi vci y{v^y{vcprv7l y vclzƒ ymâ=º-ikqxïž¼ ci q{s upˆ s q^~ii ˆ l º i q7lznf p`v7lz 'v ¼Pq ÎPp,ÎFl ˆ lzy{v7l ƒ u ¼ª¼ZikqAÎ u np~,s qgv7 Fi n u jaîyi q scvcq u i?n upôˆ ÏV¼ vc Fi y7i y lznpj upˆ vcl ¼ ˆ i vci y{v7lznf y7l v u pxvcl n É 5JlonYp ẑˆ Ï u q;j\ikv7 ~ ƒkprn ÎYi u y7i ~ms qcn º-i ˆ i y{v7lzj pxv7i y soikqcq q q=pxvci y-é + nž¼pprq7v7l ƒ ufˆ prqâ' ci%~iikj nyy vcqcprv7i lovcy u y7i%s q ÎIvCp lonflznfm w ~ i y{v7lzjmprv7i y s9v7 Fi^s p ˆ y7i ~IlzyCƒ º-ikqxÏ qcprv7ié ³ ± ¹ ˆ neâ8né  NÉ #ep q7 xprlâ Õ É v7v7ikqcj prn  ' É %l y{ EÂZh=É3ÎPp q7q=pªâ Õ É p ƒ= =ÂPp np~ ¹ É Ê imºwlznfi? qå - - TÉ #;q p ~ ¼Ppxv7v7ikqCnPy s -iknfigi.l¼fq7i y7y7l nqcimº i p ˆ i ~"ÎVσ ẑu y vcikqclonp?prnpp ˆ ÏIy7lzy s v u j q/p np~n q7j p ˆ ƒ ˆ nv7l y7y u i y ¼Fq ÎYi ~ ÎVÏ ˆ lo n u ƒ ˆ i v7l ~Ii^prqCqCpÏIy-É ixhbh \dvyhjvw]y ÂL e&. &r ªÉ #;ikn%{p jmlonflâ AÉ prny~ +É ƒ= VÎYi q7+ ]Å &- ;ÉŒ n'v7q ẑˆ lznf vc Fis p ˆ y7ì ~Il ycƒ º i q Ï q=pxvciòp ¼Fq=p ƒ v7l ƒkp ˆ p np~ ¼ ;ikq7s ufˆ p,¼~¼fq p ƒ= v j ufˆ v7l ¼ ˆ imv7i y{v7lznfé VYX.nvZLfeh!V^=a ~ i Ve pfyhafeac\dm_ac\d`_fehev `b\diba lr Eixnv\dixm  rž - ªÉ Õ u ~ lov-â h=é ÂÉZhw Yp%( ikqâpprnp~é3# ˆ ~IqClzƒ=, ' ;É ufˆ v7l ¼ ˆ i ÏV¼ vc Fi y7lzyšv7i y{v7lznf lznjmlzƒkq prqcqcpï i.l¼yi q7lo j\i n'vcy-é afeac\dm_ac\d`_feh E`x\dibZL`_i  lå Å ~É ẑu Î Âc zé Â Õ É h ˆ nflzj Â É Jprj pï  ŒÉ u prq=~7â% É%^p-p y7iknvîzikik =ÂÉ i y7loq º= NÉcŒ ẑˆ ikqâ É Ê E ~É Õ ŠnFlznF~ É;Œ;p ˆ lz u q7lâeœé # ˆ w j,pi ˆ ~7ŠprnY~ } É Ê p np~iikq qå - - TÉ ˆ i ƒ ufˆ p q ƒ ˆ p ycy{l,yƒ pxv7l n s ƒkprnyƒ ikqò ƒ ˆ p ycy ~Il ycƒ º i q Ï p np~ƒ ˆ p ycyo¼fqci ~Il ƒ vcl n Î Ï i nfi i/.l¼fqci ycy{l ǹ j nflov q7lznfé )`b\dixz)`_i  & ~Å & lé ˆ j  h=éw ]Å x ' ;É ¹ y7lojt¼ ˆ i y7i6) u i n-vclzp ôˆ Ïq7i i ƒ v7l º igj ufˆ vcl ¼ ˆ i v7i y ve¼fq ƒki ~ u qcié )`_fez)[e\bz)fek \dfez VeX.nvZ)feh V ^La fya \Dmvac\d`vm  & 3x ªÉ y{lz~â É Â } É Ê l ¼F wlonpp~â +É ' u v qci y7 pï'p p~â } É Šƒ= u q7 -Ï'nYp pªâ Érh ẑˆ ikq=pªâ prnp~ ¹ É5Pq7lzi ~Fjmp nfnppg r - ªÅ TÉ ¹ Š ˆ ì i n jmì y7ƒ prn s q ) u p n-vcl v=pxvcl º-i v7q=prlov ˆ ƒ lšp%( i ƒ v7lznf,j\l ˆ ¼Fq v7i lon@¼zikq=ƒ i n'vcpr-i lzn l y{q=pri ˆ lo Å