HEATS AND FREE ENERGIES OF FORMATION 2-187

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1 HEATS AND FREE ENERGIES OF FORMATION TABLE Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic Compounds The values given in the following table for the heats and free energies of formation of inorganic compounds are derived from (a) Bichowsky and Rossini, Thermochemistry of the Chemical Substances, Reinhold, New York, 1936; (b) Latimer, Oxidation States of the Elements and Their Potentials in Aqueous Solution, Prentice- Hall, New York, 1938; (c) the tables of the American Petroleum Institute Research Project 44 at the National Bureau of Standards; and (d) the tables of Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties of the National Bureau of Standards. The reader is referred to the preceding books and tables for additional details as to methods of calculation, standard states, and so on. Aluminum Al c AlBr 3 c aq Al 4 C 3 c AlCl 3 c aq, AlF 3 c 329 aq AlI 3 c 72.8 aq AlN c Al(NH 4 )(SO 4 ) 2 c Al(NH 4 )(SO 4 ) 2 12H 2 O c Al(NO 3 ) 3 6H 2 O c Al(NO 3 ) 3 9H 2 O c Al 2 O 3 c, corundum Al(OH) 3 c Al 2 O 3 SiO 2 c, sillimanite Al 2 O 3 SiO 2 c, disthene Al 2 O 3 SiO 2 c, andalusite Al 2 O 3 2SiO 2 c, mullite 1874 Al 2 S 3 c Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 c aq Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 6H 2 O c Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 18H 2 O c 2120 Antimony Sb c SbBr 3 c 59.9 SbCl 3 c SbCl 5 l SbF 3 c SbI 3 c 22.8 Sb 2 O 3 c, I, orthorhombic c, II, octahedral Sb 2 O 4 c Sb 2 O 5 c Sb 2 S 3 c, black Arsenic As c AsBr 3 c 45.9 AsCl 3 l AsF 3 l AsH 3 g AsI 3 c 13.6 As 2 O 3 c As 2 O 5 c As 2 S 3 c amorphous Barium Ba c BaBr 2 c aq, BaCl 2 c aq, Ba(ClO 3 ) 2 c aq, Ba(ClO 4 ) 2 c aq, Ba(CN) 2 c 48 Ba(CNO) 2 c aq BaCN 2 c 63.6 BaCO 3 c, witherite BaCrO 4 c *For footnotes see end of table. Barium (Cont.) BaF 2 c aq, BaH 2 c Ba(HCO 3 ) 2 aq BaI 2 c aq, Ba(IO 3 ) 2 c aq BaMoO 4 c 370 Ba 3 N 2 c 90.7 Ba(NO 2 ) 2 c aq Ba(NO 3 ) 2 c aq, BaO c Ba(OH) 2 c aq, BaO SiO 2 c 363 Ba 3 (PO 4 ) 2 c 992 BaPtCl 6 c BaS c BaSO 3 c BaSO 4 c BaWO 4 c 402 Beryllium Be c BeBr 2 c 79.4 aq BeCl 2 c aq BeI 2 c 39.4 aq Be 3 N 2 c BeO c Be(OH) 2 c BeS c 56.1 BeSO 4 c 281 aq Bismuth Bi c BiCl 3 c aq BiI 3 c 24 aq 27 BiO c Bi 2 O 3 c Bi(OH) 3 c Bi 2 S 3 c Bi 2 (SO 4 ) 3 c Boron B c BBr 3 l 52.7 g BCl 3 g BF 3 g B 2 H 6 g BN c B 2 O 3 c gls B(OH) 3 c B 2 S 3 c 56.6 Bromine Br 2 l g BrCl g

2 2-188 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Cadmium Cd c CdBr 2 c aq, CdCl 2 c aq, Cd(CN) 2 c 36.2 CdCO 3 c CdI 2 c aq, Cd 3 N 2 c 39.8 Cd(NO 3 ) 2 aq, CdO c Cd(OH) 2 c CdS c CdSO 4 c aq, Calcium Ca c CaBr 2 c aq, CaC 2 c CaCl 2 c aq CaCN 2 c 85 Ca(CN) 2 c 43.3 aq 54.0 CaCO 3 c, calcite c, aragonite CaCO 3 MgCO 3 c CaC 2 O 4 c Ca(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 c aq CaF 2 c aq CaH 2 c CaI 2 c aq, Ca 3 N 2 c Ca(NO 3 ) 2 c aq, Ca(NO 3 ) 2 2H 2 O c Ca(NO 3 ) 2 3H 2 O c Ca(NO 3 ) 2 4H 2 O c CaO c Ca(OH) 2 c aq, CaO SiO 2 c, II, wollastonite c, I, pseudo wollastonite CaS c CaSO 4 c, insoluble form c, soluble form α c, soluble form β CaSO 4 ah 2 O c CaSO 4 2H 2 O c CaWO 4 c 387 Carbon C c, graphite c, diamond CO g CO 2 g Cerium Ce c CeN c Cesium Cs c CsBr c aq, CsCl c aq, Cesium (Cont.) Cs 2 CO 3 c CsF c aq, CsH c CsHCO 3 c aq, CsI c aq, CsNH 2 c 28.2 CsNO 3 c aq, Cs 2 O c 82.1 CsOH c aq, Cs 2 S c 87 Cs 2 SO 4 c aq Chlorine Cl 2 g ClF g 25.7 ClO g 33 ClO 2 g ClO 3 g 37 Cl 2 O g Cl 2 O 7 g 63 Chromium Cr c CrBr 3 aq Cr 3 C 2 c Cr 4 C c CrCl 2 c aq CrF 2 c 152 CrF 3 c 231 CrI 2 c 63.7 aq 64.1 CrO 3 c Cr 2 O 3 c Cr 2 (SO 4 ) 3 aq Cobalt Co c CoBr 2 c 55.0 aq Co 3 C c CoCl 2 c aq, CoCO 3 c CoF 2 aq CoI 2 c 24.2 aq Co(NO 3 ) 2 c aq CoO c 57.5 Co 3 O 4 c Co(OH) 2 c Co(OH) 3 c CoS c Co 2 S 3 c 40.0 CoSO 4 c aq, Columbium Cb c Cb 2 O 5 c Copper Cu c CuBr c CuBr 2 c 34.0 aq CuCl c CuCl 2 c aq,

3 HEATS AND FREE ENERGIES OF FORMATION Copper (Cont.) CuClO 4 aq Cu(ClO 3 ) 2 aq, Cu(ClO 4 ) 2 aq 5.5 CuI c CuI 2 c 4.8 aq Cu 3 N c Cu(NO 3 ) 2 c 73.1 aq, CuO c Cu 2 O c Cu(OH) 2 c CuS c Cu 2 S c CuSO 4 c aq, Cu 2 SO 4 c aq Erbium Er c Er(OH) 3 c Fluorine F 2 g F 2 O g Gallium Ga c GaBr 3 c 92.4 GaCl 3 c GaN c 26.2 Ga 2 O c 84.3 Ga 2 O 3 c Germanium Ge c Ge 3 N 4 c 15.7 GeO 2 c Gold Au c AuBr c 3.4 AuBr 3 c 14.5 aq AuCl c 8.3 AuCl 3 c 28.3 aq AuI c Au 2 O 3 c Au(OH) 3 c Hafnium Hf c HfO 2 c Hydrogen H 3 AsO 3 aq H 3 AsO 4 c aq HBr g aq, HBrO aq HBrO 3 aq HCl g aq, HCN g aq, HClO aq, HClO 3 aq HClO 4 aq, HC 2 H 3 O 2 l aq, H 2 C 2 O 4 c aq, HCOOH l aq, Hydrogen (Cont.) H 2 CO 3 aq HF g aq, HI g aq, HIO aq HIO 3 c aq HN 3 g HNO 3 g l aq, HNO 3 H 2 O l HNO 3 3H 2 O l H 2 O g l H 2 O 2 l aq, H 3 PO 2 c aq H 3 PO 3 c aq H 3 PO 4 c aq, H 2 S g aq, H 2 S 2 l 3.6 H 2 SO 3 aq, H 2 SO 4 l aq, H 2 Se g aq H 2 SeO 3 c aq H 2 SeO 4 c aq, H 2 SiO 3 c H 4 SiO 4 c H 2 Te g H 2 TeO 3 c aq H 2 TeO 4 aq Indium In c InBr 3 c 97.2 aq InCl 3 c aq InI 3 c 56.5 aq InN c 4.8 In 2 O 3 c Iodine I 2 c g IBr g ICl g ICl 3 c I 2 O 5 c 42.5 Iridium Ir c IrCl c IrCl 2 c IrCl 3 c IrF 6 l 130 IrO 2 c Iron Fe c, α FeBr 2 c aq,

4 2-190 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Iron (Cont.) FeBr 3 aq Fe 3 C c Fe(CO) 5 l FeCO 3 c, siderite FeCl 2 c aq FeCl 3 c 96.4 aq, FeF 2 aq, FeI 2 c 24.2 aq FeI 3 aq Fe 4 N c Fe(NO 3 ) 2 aq Fe(NO 3 ) 3 aq, FeO c Fe 2 O 3 c Fe 3 O 4 c Fe(OH) 2 c Fe(OH) 3 c FeO SiO 2 c Fe 2 P c 13 FeSi c 19.0 FeS c FeS 2 c, pyrites c, marcasite 33.0 FeSO 4 c aq, Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 aq, FeTiO 3 c, ilmenite Lanthanum La c LaCl 3 c aq La 3 H 8 c 160 LaN c La 2 O 3 c 539 LaS 2 c La 2 S 3 c La 2 (SO 4 ) 3 aq 972 Lead Pb c PbBr 2 c aq PbCO 3 c, cerussite Pb(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 c aq, PbC 2 O 4 c PbCl 2 c aq PbF 2 c PbI 2 c Pb(NO 3 ) 2 c aq, PbO c, red c, yellow PbO 2 c Pb 3 O 4 c Pb(OH) 2 c PbS c PbSO 4 c Lithium Li c LiBr c aq, LiBrO 3 aq Li 2 C 2 c 13.0 LiCN aq LiCNO aq Lithium (Cont.) LiC 2 H 3 O 2 aq Li 2 CO 3 c aq, LiCl c aq, LiClO 3 aq LiClO 4 aq LiF c aq, LiH c 22.9 LiHCO 3 aq, LiI c aq, LiIO 3 aq Li 3 N c LiNO 3 c aq, Li 2 O c Li 2 O 2 c aq 159 LiOH c aq, LiOH H 2 O c Li 2 O SiO 2 gls 374 Li 2 Se c 84.9 aq Li 2 SO 4 c aq, Li 2 SO 4 H 2 O c Magnesium Mg c Mg(AsO 4 ) 2 c aq MgBr 2 c aq, Mg(CN) 2 aq MgCN 2 c 61 Mg(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 aq MgCO 3 c MgCl 2 c aq, MgCl 2 H 2 O c MgCl 2 2H 2 O c MgCl 2 4H 2 O c MgCl 2 6H 2 O c MgF 2 c MgI 2 c 86.8 aq, MgMoO 4 c Mg 3 N 2 c Mg(NO 3 ) 2 c aq, Mg(NO 3 ) 2 2H 2 O c Mg(NO 3 ) 2 6H 2 O c MgO c MgO SiO 2 c Mg(OH) 2 c, ppt c, brucite MgS c 84.2 aq 108 MgSO 4 c aq, MgTe c 25 MgWO 4 c Manganese Mn c, α MnBr 2 c 91 aq Mn 3 C c

5 HEATS AND FREE ENERGIES OF FORMATION Manganese (Cont.) Mn(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 c aq MnCO 3 c MnC 2 O 4 c MnCl 2 c aq, MnF 2 aq, MnI 2 c 49.8 aq Mn 5 N 2 c Mn(NO 3 ) 2 c aq, Mn(NO 3 ) 2.6H 2 O c MnO c MnO 2 c Mn 2 O 3 c Mn 3 O 4 c MnO.SiO 2 c Mn(OH) 2 c Mn(OH) 3 c Mn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 c 736 MnSe c MnS c, green MnSO 4 c aq, Mn 2 (SO 4 ) 3 c 635 aq 657 Mercury Hg l HgBr g HgBr 2 c aq Hg(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 c aq HgCl 2 c aq HgCl g Hg 2 Cl 2 c Hg(CN) 2 c 62.8 aq, HgC 2 O 4 c HgH g HgI 2 c, red HgI g Hg 2 I 2 c Hg(NO 3 ) 2 aq Hg 2 (NO 3 ) 2 aq HgO c, red c, yellow ppt Hg 2 O c HgS c, black HgSO 4 c Hg 2 SO 4 c Molybdenum Mo c Mo 2 C c Mo 2 N c 8.3 MoO 2 c MoO 3 c MoS 2 c MoS 3 c Nickel Ni c NiBr 2 c 53.4 aq Ni 3 C c Ni(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 aq Ni(CN) 2 aq NiCl 2 c 75.0 Nickel (Cont.) aq, NiF 2 c aq NiI 2 c 22.4 aq Ni(NO 3 ) 2 c aq, NiO c Ni(OH) 2 c Ni(OH) 3 c NiS c 20.4 NiSO 4 c 216 aq, Nitrogen N 2 g NF 3 g 27 NH 3 g aq, NH 4 Br c aq NH 4 C 2 H 3 O 2 c aq, NH 4 CN c 0.7 aq NH 4 CNS c 17.8 aq (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 aq (NH 4 ) 2 C 2 O 4 c aq NH 4 Cl c aq, NH 4 ClO 4 c 69.4 aq (NH 4 ) 2 CrO 4 c aq NH 4 F c aq NH 4 I c aq NH 4 NO 3 c aq, NH 4 OH aq (NH 4 ) 2 S aq, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 c aq, N 2 H 4 l N 2 H 4 H 2 O l N 2 H 4 H 2 SO 4 c N 2 O g NO g NO 2 g N 2 O 4 g N 2 O 5 c 10.0 NOBr l NOCl g Osmium Os c OsO 4 c g Oxygen O 2 g O 3 g Palladium Pd c PdO c Phosphorus P c, white ( yellow ) c, red ( violet ) P g

6 2-192 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Phosphorus (Cont.) P 2 g P 4 g PBr 3 l 45 PBr 5 c 60.6 PCl 3 g l PCl 5 g PH 3 g PI 3 c 10.9 P 2 O 5 c POCl 3 g Platinum Pt c PtBr 4 c 40.6 aq 50.7 PtCl 2 c 34 PtCl 4 c 62.6 aq 82.3 PtI 4 c 18 Pt(OH) 2 c PtS c PtS 2 c Potassium K c K 3 AsO 3 aq K 3 AsO 4 aq KH 2 AsO 4 c KBr c aq, KBrO 3 c aq, KC 2 H 3 O 2 c aq, KCl c aq, KClO 3 c aq, KClO 4 c aq, KCN c 28.1 aq, KCNO c 99.6 aq KCNS c 47.0 aq, K 2 CO 3 c aq, K 2 C 2 O 4 c aq, K 2 CrO 4 c aq, K 2 Cr 2 O 7 c aq, KF c aq, K 3 Fe(CN) 6 c 48.4 aq 34.5 K 4 Fe(CN) 6 c aq KH c KHCO 3 c aq, KI c aq, KIO 3 c aq, KIO 4 aq 98.1 KMnO 4 c aq, K 2 MoO 4 aq, Potassium (Cont.) KNH 2 c KNO 2 aq KNO 3 c aq, K 2 O c 86.2 K 2 O Al 2 O 3 SiO 2 c, leucite gls K 2 O Al 2 O 3 SiO 2 c, adularia c, microcline gls 1747 KOH c aq, K 3 PO 3 aq K 3 PO 4 aq KH 2 PO 4 c K 2 PtCl 4 c aq K 2 PtCl 6 c aq, K 2 Se c 74.4 aq K 2 SeO 4 aq K 2 S c aq, K 2 SO 3 c aq K 2 SO 4 c aq, K 2 SO 4 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 c K 2 SO 4 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 24H 2 O c K 2 S 2 O 6 c Rhenium Re c ReF 6 g 274 Rhodium Rh c RhO c 21.7 Rh 2 O c 22.7 Rh 2 O 3 c 68.3 Rubidium Rb c RbBr c g aq, RbCN aq 25.9 Rb 2 CO 3 c aq, RbCl c g aq, RbF c aq, RbHCO 3 c aq, RbI c g aq, RbNH 2 c RbNO 3 c aq, Rb 2 O c 82.9 Rb 2 O 2 c 107 RbOH c aq, Ruthenium Ru c RuS 2 c Selenium Se c, I, hexagonal

7 HEATS AND FREE ENERGIES OF FORMATION Selenium (Cont.) c, II, red, mono- 0.2 clinic Se 2 Cl 2 l SeF 6 g SeO 2 c Silicon Si c SiBr 4 l 93.0 SiC c SiCl 4 l g SiF 4 g SiH 4 g SiI 4 c 29.8 Si 3 N 4 c SiO 2 c, cristobalite, form c, cristobalite, form c, quartz c, tridymite Silver Ag c AgBr c Ag 2 C 2 c 84.5 AgC 2 H 3 O 2 c 95.9 aq AgCN c Ag 2 CO 3 c Ag 2 C 2 O 4 c AgCl c AgF c 48.7 aq, AgI c AgIO 3 c AgNO 2 c aq AgNO 3 c aq, Ag 2 O c Ag 2 S c Ag 2 SO 4 c aq Sodium Na c Na 3 AsO 3 aq, Na 3 AsO 4 c 366 aq, NaBr c aq, NaBrO aq 78.9 NaBrO 3 aq, NaC 2 H 3 O 2 c aq, NaCN c aq, NaCNO c 96.3 aq NaCNS c aq, Na 2 CO 3 c aq, NaCO 2 NH 2 c Na 2 C 2 O 4 c aq, NaCl c aq, NaClO 3 c aq, NaClO 4 c Sodium (Cont.) aq, Na 2 CrO 4 c aq, Na 2 Cr 2 O 7 aq, NaF c aq, NaH c NaHCO 3 c aq NaI c aq, NaIO 3 aq, Na 2 MoO 4 c 364 aq NaNO 2 c 86.6 aq NaNO 3 c aq, Na 2 O c Na 2 O 2 c Na 2 O SiO 2 c Na 2 O Al 2 O 3 3SiO 2 c, natrolite 1180 Na 2 O Al 2 O 3 4SiO 2 c 1366 NaOH c aq, Na 3 PO 3 aq, Na 3 PO 4 c 457 aq, Na 2 PtCl 4 aq Na 2 PtCl 6 c aq Na 2 Se c 59.1 aq, Na 2 SeO 4 c 254 aq, Na 2 S c 89.8 aq, Na 2 SO 3 c aq, Na 2 SO 4 c aq, Na 2 SO 4 10H 2 O c Na 2 WO 4 c 391 aq Strontium Sr c SrBr 2 c aq, Sr(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 c aq Sr(CN) 2 aq SrCO 3 c SrCl 2 c aq, SrF 2 c Sr(HCO 3 ) 2 aq SrI 2 c aq, Sr 3 N 2 c Sr(NO 3 ) 2 c aq, SrO c SrO SiO 2 gls 364 SrO 2 c Sr 2 O c Sr(OH) 2 c aq, Sr 3 (PO 4 ) 2 c 980 aq SrS c 113.1

8 2-194 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Strontium (Cont.) aq SrSO 4 c aq, SrWO 4 c 393 Sulfur S c, rhombic c, monoclinic l, λ l, λµ equilibrium g S 2 g S 6 g S 8 g S 2 Br 2 l 4 SCl 4 l 13.7 S 2 Cl 2 l S 2 Cl 4 l 24.1 SF 6 g SO g SO 2 g SO 3 g l c, α c, β c, γ SO 2 Cl 2 g l Tantalum Ta c TaN c Ta 2 O 5 c Tellurium Te c TeBr 4 c 49.3 TeCl 4 c TeF 6 g TeO 2 c Thallium Tl c TlBr c aq TlCl c aq TlCl 3 c 82.4 aq TlF aq TlI c aq TlNO 3 c aq Tl 2 O c Tl 2 O 3 c 120 TlOH c aq Tl 2 S c 22 Tl 2 SO 4 c aq, Thorium Th c ThBr 4 c aq ThC 2 c 45.1 ThCl 4 c 335 aq ThI 4 aq Th 3 N 4 c ThO 2 c Th(OH) 4 c, soluble Th(SO 4 ) 2 c 632 aq Tin Sn c, II, tetragonal c, III, gray, cubic SnBr 2 c 61.4 aq SnBr 4 c 94.8 aq SnCl 2 c 83.6 aq SnCl 4 l aq SnI 2 c 38.9 aq SnO c SnO 2 c Sn(OH) 2 c Sn(OH) 4 c SnS c Titanium Ti c TiC c TiCl 4 l TiN c TiO 2 c, III, rutil amorphous Tungsten W c WO 2 c WO 3 c WS 2 c 84 Uranium U c UC 2 c 29 UCl 3 c 213 UCl 4 c 251 U 3 N 4 c UO 2 c UO 2 (NO 3 ) 2 6H 2 O c UO 3 c U 3 O 8 c Vanadium V c VCl 2 c 147 VCl 3 l 187 VCl 4 l 165 VN c V 2 O 2 c 195 V 2 O 3 c V 2 O 4 c V 2 O 5 c Zinc Zn c ZnSb c ZnBr 2 c aq, Zn(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 c aq, Zn(CN) 2 c ZnCO 3 c ZnCl 2 c aq, ZnF 2 aq ZnI 2 c aq 61.6 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 aq, ZnO c, hexagonal ZnO SiO 2 c Zn(OH) 2 c, rhombic ZnS c, wurtzite ZnSO 4 c aq,

9 HEATS OF COMBUSTION TABLE Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic Compounds (Concluded ) Zirconium Zr c ZrC c ZrCl 4 c ZrN c Zirconium (Cont.) ZrO 2 c, monoclinic Zr(OH) 4 c ZrO(OH) 2 c The physical state is indicated as follows: c, crystal (solid); l, liquid; g, gas; gls, glass or solid supercooled liquid; aq, in aqueous solution. A number following the symbol aq applies only to the values of the heats of formation (not to those of free energies of formation); and indicates the number of moles of water per mole of solute; when no number is given, the solution is understood to be dilute. For the free energy of formation of a substance in aqueous solution, the concentration is always that of the hypothetical solution of unit molality. The increment in heat content, H, in the reaction of forming the given substance from its elements in their standard states. When H is negative, heat is evolved in the process, and, when positive, heat is absorbed. The heat of solution in water of a given solid, liquid, or gaseous compound is given by the difference in the value for the heat of formation of the given compound in the solid, liquid, or gaseous state and its heat of formation in aqueous solution. The following two examples serve as an illustration of the procedure: (1) For NaCl(c) and NaCl(aq, 400H 2 O), the values of H(formation) are, respectively, and kg-cal per mole. Subtraction of the first value from the second gives H = kg-cal per mole for the reaction of dissolving crystalline sodium chloride in 400 moles of water. When this process occurs at a constant pressure of 1 atm, kg-cal of energy are absorbed. (2) For HCl(g) and HCl(aq, 400H 2 O), the values for H(formation) are, respectively, and kg-cal per mole. Subtraction of the first from the second gives H = kg-cal per mole for the reaction of dissolving gaseous hydrogen chloride in 400 moles of water. At a constant pressure of 1 atm, kg-cal of energy are evolved in this process. The increment in the free energy, F, in the reaction of forming the given substance in its standard state from its elements in their standard states. The standard states are: for a gas, fugacity (approximately equal to the pressure) of 1 atm; for a pure liquid or solid, the substance at a pressure of 1 atm; for a substance in aqueous solution, the hypothetical solution of unit molality, which has all the properties of the infinitely dilute solution except the property of concentration. The free energy of solution of a given substance from its normal standard state as a solid, liquid, or gas to the hypothetical one molal state in aqueous solution may be calculated in a manner similar to that described in footnote for calculating the heat of solution. HEATS OF COMBUSTION TABLE Enthalpies and Gibbs Energies of Formation, Entropies, and Net Enthalpies of Combustion of Inorganic and Organic Compounds at K Ideal gas enthalpy Ideal gas Gibbs energy Ideal gas Standard net enthalpy Cmpd. of formation, of formation, entropy, of combustion, no. Name Formula CAS no. Mol wt J/kmol 1E-07 J/kmol 1E-07 J/(kmol K) 1E-05 J/kmol 1E-09 1 Methane CH Ethane C 2 H Propane C 3 H n-butane C 4 H n-pentane C 5 H n-hexane C 6 H n-heptane C 7 H n-octane C 8 H n-nonane C 9 H n-decane C 10 H n-undecane C 11 H n-dodecane C 12 H n-tridecane C 13 H n-tetradecane C 14 H n-pentadecane C 15 H n-hexadecane C 16 H n-heptadecane C 17 H n-octadecane C 18 H n-nonadecane C 19 H n-eicosane C 20 H Methylpropane C 4 H Methylbutane C 5 H ,3-Dimethylbutane C 6 H Methylpentane C 6 H ,3-Dimethylpentane C 7 H ,3,3-Trimethylpentane C 8 H ,2,4-Trimethylpentane C 8 H Ethylene C 2 H Propylene C 3 H

10 2-196 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA TABLE Enthalpies and Gibbs Energies of Formation, Entropies, and Net Enthalpies of Combustion of Inorganic and Organic Compounds (Continued ) Ideal gas enthalpy Ideal gas Gibbs energy Ideal gas Standard net enthalpy Cmpd. of formation, of formation, entropy, of combustion, no. Name Formula CAS no. Mol wt J/kmol 1E-07 J/kmol 1E-07 J/(kmol K) 1E-05 J/kmol 1E Butene C 4 H cis-2-butene C 4 H trans-2-butene C 4 H Pentene C 5 H Hexene C 6 H Heptene C 7 H Octene C 8 H Nonene C 9 H Decene C 10 H Methylpropene C 4 H Methyl-1-butene C 5 H Methyl-2-butene C 5 H ,2-Butadiene C 4 H ,3-Butadiene C 4 H Methyl-1,3-butadiene C 5 H Acetylene C 2 H Methylacetylene C 3 H Dimethylacetylene C 4 H Methyl-1-butyne C 5 H Pentyne C 5 H Pentyne C 5 H Hexyne C 6 H Hexyne C 6 H Hexyne C 6 H Heptyne C 7 H Octyne C 8 H Vinylacetylene C 4 H Cyclopentane C 5 H Methylcyclopentane C 6 H Ethylcyclopentane C 7 H Cyclohexane C 6 H Methylcyclohexane C 7 H ,1-Dimethylcyclohexane C 8 H Ethylcyclohexane C 8 H Cyclopentene C 5 H Methylcyclopentene C 6 H Cyclohexene C 6 H Benzene C 6 H Toluene C 7 H o-xylene C 8 H m-xylene C 8 H p-xylene C 8 H Ethylbenzene C 8 H Propylbenzene C 9 H ,2,4-Trimethylbenzene C 9 H Isopropylbenzene C 9 H ,3,5-Trimethylbenzene C 9 H p-isopropyltoluene C 10 H Naphthalene C 10 H Biphenyl C 12 H Styrene C 8 H m-terphenyl C 18 H Methanol CH 4 O Ethanol C 2 H 6 O Propanol C 3 H 8 O Butanol C 4 H 10 O Butanol C 4 H 10 O Propanol C 3 H 8 O Methyl-2-propanol C 4 H 10 O Pentanol C 5 H 12 O Methyl-1-butanol C 5 H 12 O Methyl-1-butanol C 5 H 12 O Hexanol C 6 H 14 O Heptanol C 7 H 16 O Cyclohexanol C 6 H 12 O Ethylene glycol C 2 H 6 O ,2-Propylene glycol C 3 H 8 O

11 HEATS OF COMBUSTION TABLE Enthalpies and Gibbs Energies of Formation, Entropies, and Net Enthalpies of Combustion of Inorganic and Organic Compounds (Continued ) Ideal gas enthalpy Ideal gas Gibbs energy Ideal gas Standard net enthalpy Cmpd. of formation, of formation, entropy, of combustion, no. Name Formula CAS no. Mol wt J/kmol 1E-07 J/kmol 1E-07 J/(kmol K) 1E-05 J/kmol 1E Phenol C 6 H 6 O o-cresol C 7 H 8 O m-cresol C 7 H 8 O p-cresol C 7 H 8 O Dimethyl ether C 2 H 6 O Methyl ethyl ether C 3 H 8 O Methyl n-propyl ether C 4 H 10 O Methyl isopropyl ether C 4 H 10 O Methyl n-butyl ether C 5 H 12 O Methyl isobutyl ether C 5 H 12 O Methyl tert-butyl ether C 5 H 12 O Diethyl ether C 4 H 10 O Ethyl propyl ether C 5 H 12 O Ethyl isopropyl ether C 5 H 12 O Methyl phenyl ether C 7 H 8 O Diphenyl ether C 12 H 10 O Formaldehyde CH 2 O Acetaldehyde C 2 H 4 O Propanal C 3 H 6 O Butanal C 4 H 8 O Pentanal C 5 H 10 O Hexanal C 6 H 12 O Heptanal C 7 H 14 O Octanal C 8 H 16 O Nonanal C 9 H 18 O Decanal C 10 H 20 O Acetone C 3 H 6 O Methyl ethyl ketone C 4 H 8 O Pentanone C 5 H 10 O Methyl isopropyl ketone C 5 H 10 O Hexanone C 6 H 12 O Methyl isobutyl ketone C 6 H 12 O Methyl-2-pentanone C 6 H 12 O Pentanone C 5 H 10 O Ethyl isopropyl ketone C 6 H 12 O Diisopropyl ketone C 7 H 14 O Cyclohexanone C 6 H 10 O Methyl phenyl ketone C 8 H 8 O Formic acid CH 2 O Acetic acid C 2 H 4 O Propionic acid C 3 H 6 O n-butyric acid C 4 H 8 O Isobutyric acid C 4 H 8 O Benzoic acid C 7 H 6 O Acetic anhydride C 4 H 6 O Methyl formate C 2 H 4 O Methyl acetate C 3 H 6 O Methyl propionate C 4 H 8 O Methyl n-butyrate C 5 H 10 O Ethyl formate C 3 H 6 O Ethyl acetate C 4 H 8 O Ethyl propionate C 5 H 10 O Ethyl n-butyrate C 6 H 12 O n-propyl formate C 4 H 8 O n-propyl acetate C 5 H 10 O n-butyl acetate C 6 H 12 O Methyl benzoate C 8 H 8 O Ethyl benzoate C 9 H 10 O Vinyl acetate C 4 H 6 O Methylamine CH 5 N Dimethylamine C 2 H 7 N Trimethylamine C 3 H 9 N Ethylamine C 2 H 7 N Diethylamine C 4 H 11 N Triethylamine C 6 H 15 N n-propylamine C 3 H 9 N

12 2-198 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA TABLE Enthalpies and Gibbs Energies of Formation, Entropies, and Net Enthalpies of Combustion of Inorganic and Organic Compounds (Continued ) Ideal gas enthalpy Ideal gas Gibbs energy Ideal gas Standard net enthalpy Cmpd. of formation, of formation, entropy, of combustion, no. Name Formula CAS no. Mol wt J/kmol 1E-07 J/kmol 1E-07 J/(kmol K) 1E-05 J/kmol 1E di-n-propylamine C 6 H 15 N Isopropylamine C 3 H 9 N Diisopropylamine C 6 H 15 N Aniline C 6 H 7 N N-Methylaniline C 7 H 9 N N,N-Dimethylaniline C 8 H 11 N Ethylene oxide C 2 H 4 O Furan C 4 H 4 O Thiophene C 4 H 4 S Pyridine C 5 H 5 N Formamide CH 3 NO N,N-Dimethylformamide C 3 H 7 NO Acetamide C 2 H 5 NO N-Methylacetamide C 3 H 7 NO Acetonitrile C 2 H 3 N Propionitrile C 3 H 5 N n-butyronitrile C 4 H 7 N Benzonitrile C 7 H 5 N Methyl mercaptan CH 4 S Ethyl mercaptan C 2 H 6 S n-propyl mercaptan C 3 H 8 S n-butyl mercaptan C 4 H 10 S Isobutyl mercaptan C 4 H 10 S sec-butyl mercaptan C 4 H 10 S Dimethyl sulfide C 2 H 6 S Methyl ethyl sulfide C 3 H 8 S Diethyl sulfide C 4 H 10 S Fluoromethane CH 3 F Chloromethane CH 3 Cl Trichloromethane CHCl Tetrachloromethane CCl Bromomethane CH 3 Br Fluoroethane C 2 H 5 F Chloroethane C 2 H 5 Cl Bromoethane C 2 H 5 Br Chloropropane C 3 H 7 Cl Chloropropane C 3 H 7 Cl ,1-Dichloropropane C 3 H 6 Cl ,2-Dichloropropane C 3 H 6 Cl Vinyl chloride C 2 H 3 Cl Fluorobenzene C 6 H 5 F Chlorobenzene C 6 H 5 Cl Bromobenzene C 6 H 5 Br Air Hydrogen H Helium-4 He Neon Ne Argon Ar Fluorine F Chlorine Cl Bromine Br Oxygen O Nitrogen N Ammonia NH Hydrazine N 2 H Nitrous oxide N 2 O Nitric oxide NO Cyanogen C 2 N Carbon monoxide CO Carbon dioxide CO Carbon disulfide CS Hydrogen fluoride HF Hydrogen chloride HCl Hydrogen bromide HBr Hydrogen cyanide HCN

13 HEATS OF COMBUSTION TABLE Enthalpies and Gibbs Energies of Formation, Entropies, and Net Enthalpies of Combustion of Inorganic and Organic Compounds (Concluded ) Ideal gas enthalpy Ideal gas Gibbs energy Ideal gas Standard net enthalpy Cmpd. of formation, of formation, entropy, of combustion, no. Name Formula CAS no. Mol wt J/kmol 1E-07 J/kmol 1E-07 J/(kmol K) 1E-05 J/kmol 1E Hydrogen sulfide H 2 S Sulfur dioxide SO Sulfur trioxide SO Water H 2 O All substances are listed in alphabetical order in Table 2-6a. Compiled from Daubert, T. E., R. P. Danner, H. M. Sibul, and C. C. Stebbins, DIPPR Data Compilation of Pure Compound Properties, Project 801 Sponsor Release, July, 1993, Design Institute for Physical Property Data, AIChE, New York, NY; and from Thermodynamics Research Center, Selected Values of Properties of Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds, Thermodynamics Research Center Hydrocarbon Project, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (extant 1994). The compounds are considered to be formed from the elements in their standard states at K and 101,325 P a. These include C (graphite) and S (rhombic). Enthalpy of combustion is the net value for the compound in its standard state at K and 101,325 Pa. Products of combustion are taken to be CO 2 (gas), H 2 O (gas), F 2 (gas), Cl 2 (gas), Br 2 (gas), I 2 (gas), SO 2 (gas), N 2 (gas), H 3 PO 4 (solid), and SiO 2 (crystobalite). J/kmol 2.390E-04 = cal/gmol; J/kmol E-04 = Btu/lbmol. J/(kmol K) 2.390E-04 = cal/(gmol C); J/(kmol K) E-04 = Btu/(lbmol F). TABLE Ideal Gas Sensible Enthalpies, h T - h 298 (kj/kgmol), of Combustion Products Temperature, K CO CO 2 H OH H 2 N NO NO 2 N 2 N 2 O O O 2 SO 2 H 2 O Converted and usually rounded off from JANAF Thermochemical Tables, NSRDS-NBS-37, 1971 (1141 pp.)