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59 10 2010 10 1000-3290 /2010 /59 10 /6837-05 ACTA PHYSICA SINICA Vol 59 No 10 October 2010 2010 Chin Phys Soc * 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 361005 2 361005 2009 12 31 2010 1 30 J PACC 036707580365 1 23 ε ρ in 1 3 ρ out ε ρ in ρ out 1 4 9 Deutsch 10 ε Shor 11 Grover 12 31 ρ out ρ out = ε ρ in = Σ V ρ in V 2 V Σ V V 13 17 = 1 V ε Liouville QED 18 21 A 2 ε ρ in = Σ χ mn A m ρ in 3 22 Hermit χ = χ mn ε 25 26 30 23 24 ρ j ρ j ε ε ρ j = Σ λ j ρ 4 λ j 3 ε ρ j = Σ χ mn A m ρ j 5 * 2008J0219 E-mail yau@ xmu edu cn

6838 59 A m ρ j = Σ β mn j ρ 6 ε CNOT23 2 3 CNOT 6 54 ε CNOT23 ρ 1 ρ 23 = I ε CNOT ρ 1 ρ 23 Σ β mn j χ mn = λ j 7 = ρ 1 ε CNOT ρ 23 11 λ j χ mn ρ eq χ ε π /2 12 x -J 12 π /4 - π /2 x π /2 - π /2 3 x 12 π /2 12 32 x -J A n B 12 π /4 - π /2 x π /2 - π /2 3 y m m n ε s π /2 A AB y π /2 13 14 ε s I σ A σ B = ε s σ A σ B 8 12 I B ρ eq = I 1 z + I 2 z + B A x - I 1 y - + A ε s J 12 π /4 - I 2 y / 槡 2 + + 槡 2I 1 x I 2 z ε s I ( Σ σ A σ B ) = Σ ε s σ A σ B 9 m n - 槡 2I 1 y / 槡 2 = σ 2 2 2 n - m n J 23 π /2 2 2n - I 2 z / 槡 2 + 2I 2 z + 2 槡 2I 1 x - 2 槡 2I 1 y / 槡 2 = σ 3 ε A 33 B A ε 34 2 π /2 3 σ 3 y - I 2 z / 槡 2-2I 2 z + 槡 3 1 /2 Hamilton H = Σ 3 i = 1 ω i I i z + Σ 3 i < j J ij I i z I j z 10 ω i i J ij i j 13 C CH 3 CH NH 2 COOH α 3 13 C 3 1 2 3 J π /2 12 - I 1 y / 槡 2 + 槡 2I 1 z = σ 1 π /2 x - I 2 z / 槡 2 - - 槡 2I 1 x π /2 3 x - I 2 z / 槡 2-2I 2 z - 2 槡 2I 1 x + 2 槡 2I 1 y / 槡 2 = σ 4 15 13 12 2 2I 1 x J 12 = 34 9 Hz J 23 = 54 0 Hz J 13 = 1 E 1 E 1-1 3 Hz 1 2 3-1 CNOT 槡 2 I2 y + I 3 z ( ) σ 1 1 E 1-2 槡 2I 1 y / 槡 2 = σ 5 16 14 ρ eq = I 1 z + I 2 z + π /2 y I 1 x + + = σ 6 J 23 π /2 I 1 x + 2 + 2I 2 z = σ 7 17 σ 1 σ 7 7 1 1 7 1 1 4 2 2 σ 1

10 6839 2 3 2 3 2 3 Liouville 1 σ 1 σ 7 1 2 3 σ 1 σ 2 σ 3 σ 4 σ 5 σ 6 σ 7 E 1 I3 z I 2 z I3 y I 2 z I2 z I3 x I 2 z I2 z I3 x I 2 z I2 z I3 z I3 x I3 z I2 z I3 y I 1 x I 2 z I3 z I3 y I3 x E 23 E 23 I 1 y E 23 I3 z I3 y I3 x I 1 z E 23 E 23 E 23 E 23 1 π /2 π x a σ 1 σ 4 π /2 x π /2 y σ 5 c 2 3 CNOT b σ 6 σ 7 1 a b σ 1 σ 7 1 c 2 3 CNOT 100 500 s t = 7 163 ms τ = 4 630 ms CNOT χ CNOT 2 a CNOT χ Th 2 b F = 0 84 CNOT 2 1 16 II XI YI ZI IX IY IZ XX YX ZX XY YY ZY XZ YZ ZZ 16 I X Y Z I Pauli 4 II = I I 2 CNOT χ Z a χ CNOT b χ Th 3 CNOT

6840 59 J 2 J J 13 J 1 Plenio M BKnight P L 1996 Phys Rev A 53 2986 2 Yuan Z SChen Y AZhao BSchmiedmayer JPan J W 2008 Nature 454 1098 3 Kim M SCho J 2009 Science 323 469 4 Du J FRong XZhao NWang YYang J HLiu R B 2009 Nature 461 1265 5 Yu TEberly J H 2009 Science 323 598 6 Guo G CHan Z FHong P LWen H 2009 Chin Phys B 18 46 7 Chen KPan J WPeng C ZRen J GYang BYi Z HZhou F 2009 Chin Phys B 18 3605 8 Cai X DPeng C ZRen J GYin JZhang HZhou F 2009 Acta Phys Sin 58 5169 in Chinese 2009 58 5169 9 Lu H X 2007 Chin Phys 16 1878 10Deutsch DJozsa R 1992 Proc Roy Soc Lond A 439 553 11Shor P W 1994 Proceedings of the 35th Annual Symposium on the Foundations of Computer ScienceUSANovember 20 22 Santa Fep124 12Grover L K 1997 Phys Rev Lett 79 325 13Cory D GFahmy A FHavel T F 1997 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94 1634 14Barenco ABrun T ASchac RSpiller T P 1997 Phys Rev A 56 1177 15Chuang I LVandersypen L M KZhou XLeung D WLloyd S 1998 Nature 393 143 16Fang X MFeng MGao K LShi LZhu X W 1999 Acta Phys Sin 48 1405 in Chinese 1999 48 1405 17Xue FDu J FFan Y MShi M JZhou X YHan R DWu J H 2002 Acta Phys Sin 51 763 in Chinese 2002 51 763 18Gershenfeld N AChuang I L 1997 Science 275 350 19Zhao BChen Y ABao X HStrassel TChuu C SJin X M Schmiedmayer JYuan Z SChen SPan J W 2009 Nat Phys 5 95 20Ai L YYang JZhang Z M 2008 Acta Phys Sin 57 5589 in Chinese 2009 57 5589 21Wang JYe LYu L B 2007 Chin Phys 16 2211 22Negrevergne CMahesh T SRyan C ADitty MCyr-Racine FPower WBoulant NHavel TCory D GLaflamme R 2006 Phys Rev Lett 96 170501 23Chuang I LNielsen M A 1997 J Mod Opt 44 2455 24Poyatos J FCirac J IZoller P 1997 Phys Rev Lett 78 390 25Aguado MBrennen G KVerstraete FCirac J I 2008 Phys Rev Lett 101 260501 26Childs A MChuang I LLeung D W 1998 Phys Rev A 64 012314 27D Ariano G MPresti P L 2001 Phys Rev Lett 86 4195 28O Brien J LPryde G JGilchrist AJameset D F VLangford N KRalph T CWhite A G 2004 Phys Rev Lett 93 080502 29Riebe MKim KSchindler PMonz TSchmidt P OK rber T KH nsel WH ffner HRoos C FBlatt R 2006 Phys Rev Lett 97 220407 30Ziman M 2008 Phys Rev A 78 032118 31Schumacher B 1996 Phys Rev A 54 2614 32Altepeter J BBranning DJeffrey EWei T CKwiat P G Thew R TO Brien J LNielsen M AWhite A G 2003 Phys Rev Lett 90 193601 33Yao X WXue FPang W MDu J FZhou X YHan R D 2006 Chin Phys Lett 23 1996 34Kim KSong MLee S 2005 J Kor Phys Soc 47 736

10 6841 Subspace quantum process tomography via nuclear magnetic resonance * Yao Xi-Wei 1 Zeng Bi-Rong 2 Liu Qin 1 Mu Xiao-Yang 1 Lin Xing-Cheng 1 Yang Chun 1 Pan Jian 1 Chen Zhong 1 1 Department of PhysicsFujian Provincal Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic ResonanceXiamen UniversityXiamen 2 Department of Materials Science and EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Received 31 December 2009 revised manuscript received 30 January 2010 361005China Abstract Experimental investigation of subspace quantum process tomography in three-spin system was implemented via nuclear magnetic resonance A quantum process was characterized by measuring a complete set of input states and corresponding outputs The method using ancillary qubit remarably reduces the number of the initial input states And the pulse sequences used in this paper have fewer J-coupling evolutions The experiment time was shortened and quantum decoherence of the system was weaened efficiently Keywords quantum computationnuclear magnetic resonanceprocess tomographysubspace PACC 036707580365 * Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian ProvinceChina Grant No 2008J0219 E-mail yau@ xmu edu cn