A A Summer Fall Greek Greek 1.210 2004 Croy Lesson 15 Ω www.gettysburgsem.org/mhoffman Ω Lord s s Prayer Syllabus Other Resources Greek Fonts Adobe Reader and PDFs Resources for Learning NT Greek Prepositions Overview Prepositional Adventures with a Lion Pink Preposition sheet Note availability on web site Principal Parts Overview of Verbs Violet Verb sheet (Basic Verb Structure) Principal Parts 1 Present (Deponent) Present & M/P/D Imperfect & M/P/D σῴζω γίνοµαι 2 Future (Deponent) Future and M/D σώσω γενήσοµαι 3 (Deponent) and M/D ἔσωσα ἐγενόµην 4 and Pluperfect σέσωκα γέγονα 5 M/P and Pluperfect M/P σέσωσµαι γεγένηµαι 6 Passive Passive & Future Passive ἐσώθην ἐγενήθην 1
Greek Tense Greek Tense The Greek denotes an action completed in the past, but the focus is on its result or continued status into the present. The Greek denotes an action completed in the past, but the focus is on its result or continued status into the present. What did you do yesterday? I was studying Greek. (IMPERFECT) Why do you look so tired? I have been studying Greek. << PERFECT Colossians 1.16 for in [Christ] all things in heaven and on earth were created [] all things have been created [] through him and for him. Greek Tense The Greek denotes an action completed in the past, but the focus is on its result or continued status into the present. Usually translate with have verbed but Do you know Greek? Well, I have studied Greek... << AORIST I have studied Greek. What would you like to know? << PERFECT Greek Tense Mark 16.6 NRSV: You are looking for Jesus of Nazareth, who was crucified. He has been raised; he is not here. NIV: You are looking for Jesus the Nazarene, who was crucified. He has risen! He is not here. NAS: you are looking for Jesus the Nazarene, who has been crucified. He has risen; He is not here GREEK: Ἰησοῦν ζητεῖτε τὸν Ναζαρηνὸν τὸν ἐσταυρωµένον ἠγέρθη, οὐκ ἔστιν ὧδε Greek Tense Mark 16.6 GREEK: Ἰησοῦν ζητεῖτε τὸν Ναζαρηνὸν τὸν ἐσταυρωµένον ἠγέρθη, οὐκ ἔστιν ὧδε You are seeking Jesus the Nazarene who has been crucified. He was raised. He is not here. You are seeking Jesus the Nazarene, the Crucified one. He was raised. He is not here. σα/α -- σα/α -- θη -- 2ΑΟR R PASS ἐ *STEM η -- 2
σα/α -- σα/α -- θη -- 2ΑΟR R PASS ἐ *STEM η -- κα / α -- λέ λε λέ κα λε κα λέ λε λέ κα λε κα λέ λε λέ κα λε κα Add the κα tense code λέ κα λέ κας λέ κε(ν) Add the Primary Endings λε καµεν λε κατε λε κασι(ν) or καν σα/α -- σα/α -- θη -- 2ΑΟR R PASS ἐ *STEM η -- κα / α -- PERF MPD -- X STEM -- -- 3
λέ λε λέ λε λέ λε λέ µαι λε µεθα πεπεισ πεισµαι πεπεισ πεισµεθα λέ σαι λέ σθε λέ ται λέ νται γεγραπ γραπται Add the Primary Mid/Pass Endings directly to the STEM Be aware of contractions with the Stem and endings Greek Pluperfect Tense The Greek Pluperfect denotes an action completed prior to some point in the past, with the focus on its result or continued status up to that point. (It s like a past tense of the.) I had studied Greek when I was a child. σα/α -- σα/α -- θη -- 2ΑΟR R PASS ἐ *STEM η -- κα / α -- PERF MPD -- X STEM -- -- PLPF ACT (ἐ) X STEM κει / ει -- 4
λέ λε λέ λε λέ λε ἐλέ ἐλε ἐλέκει ἐλεκει ἐλέ ἐλε ἐλέκει ἐλεκει ἐλέ ἐλε ἐλέκει ἐλεκει Add the ἐ augment (usually) Add the κει tense code ἐλέκειν ἐλέκεις ἐλέκει Add the Secondary endings ἐλεκειµεν ἐλεκειτε ἐλεκεισαν σα/α -- σα/α -- θη -- 2ΑΟR R PASS ἐ *STEM η -- κα / α -- PERF MPD -- X STEM -- -- PLPF ACT (ἐ) X STEM κει / ει -- PLPF M/P (ἐ) X STEM -- -- 5
ONLY OCCURS 7 TIMES IN THE NT λέ λέ λέ λε λε λε ἐλέ ἐλε ἐλέµην ἐλεµεθα ἐλέ ἐλε ἐλέσο ἐλεσθε ἐλέ ἐλε ἐλέτο ἐλεντο Add the ἐ augment (usually) Add the Secondary Middle/Passive endings directly to the STEM Present 1 2 Passive INFINITIVES ειν σαι ειν (θη / η) ναι (κε) ναι Mid/Pass/Dep σθαι (M/P/D) σθαι (M/D) σθαι (M/D) σθαι (M/P/D) PRESENT INFINITIVE ειν - εσθαι 1st AORIST INFINITIVE λῦσαι σα σασθαισθαι AORIST INFINITIVE λαβεῖν λαβέσθαι AORIST PASSIVE INFINITIVE θῆ θῆναι to be loosened βληθῆ θῆναι to be thrown PERFECT ACTIVE INFINITIVE λε κέναι to have loosened PERFECT MIDDLE/PASSIVE/DEPONENT INFINITIVE λε κέσθαι to have been loosened (pass) 6
PERFECT REDUPLICATION When verb begins with: Most consonants > simple reduplication πεπιστευκα λεκα Vowel / diphthong > lengthen the vowel / diphthong ἀγαπαω> ἠγαπηκα Aspirated consonant (φ θ χ) ) > reduplicated with corresponding unaspirated consonant θεραπευω > τεθεραπευκα φιλεω > πεφιληκα Double consonant (ψ ζ ξ) ) or two consonants > reduplicate with ἐ (yes, it looks just like an augment) ζητεω > ἐζητηκα σταυροω > ἐσταυρωµαι Irregulars: : See section 105, page 86f. ἐγγίζω ἕτερος, -α, -ον οὔπω πολλάκις Lesson 15 Vocabulary Croy 15 - Exercises Do sentences 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8 and 12 of Practice and Review Do NT #4 and 5 Work on: LP 15 Vocab Primary/Secondary Endings NO Quiz on Friday the 10th Quiz on Tuesday the 14th 7