Present. Active. Present. Active & M/P/D Imperfect Active & M/P/D. σῴζω γίνομαι

A Principal Parts Fall Greek 2007 Croy Lesson 15 Ω 1 Present (Deponent) Present & M/P/D Imperfect & M/P/D σῴζω γίνομαι 2 Future (Deponent) Future and M/D σώσω γενήσομαι (Deponent) and M/D ἔσωσα ἐγενόμην 4 and Pluperfect σέσωκα γέγονα 5 M/P and Pluperfect M/P σέσωσμαι γεγένημαι 6 Passive Passive & Future Passive ἐσώθην ἐγενήθην Greek Tense Translating Greek Tense The Greek denotes an action completed in the past, but the focus is on its result or continued status into the present. What did you do yesterday? I was studying Greek. << IMPERFECT I studied Greek. << AORIT Why do you look so tired? I have been studying Greek. << PERFECT The Greek denotes an action completed in the past, but the focus is on its result or continued status into the present. πεπίστευκα I have believed. I have been believing. UBJ have/has PAT form of verb UBJ have/has been PAT PROGREIVE form of verb Translating Greek Tense Greek Tense The Greek denotes an action completed in the past, but the focus is on its result or continued status into the present. γέγραπται It has been written It is written ἐγήγερται He has been raised He is risen NOTE that the perfect may sometimes best be translated like a Present Tense The Greek denotes an action completed in the past, but the focus is on its result or continued status into the present. Colossians 1.16 for in [Christ] all things in heaven and on earth were created [] all things have been created [] through him and for him. 1

Translating Greek Tense Greek Tense John 11.25-27 (Raising of Lazarus) [Martha scolds Jesus for not having been there to prevent Lazarus death ] Jesus said to her, "I am the resurrection and the life. Those who believe in me, even though they die, will live, and everyone who lives and believes in me will never die. πιστεύεις τοῦτο; λέγει αὐτῷ ναὶ κύριε, ἐγὼ πεπίστευκα ὅτι σὺ εἶ ὁ χριστὸς ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ The Greek denotes an action completed in the past, but the focus is on its result or continued status into the present. Mark 1.15 πεπλήρωται The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God has come near ἤγγικεν PERFECT TENE is fulfilled / has been fulfilled is near / has come near Ephesians 2.8 Τῇ γὰρ χάριτί ἐστε σεσῳσμένοι διὰ πίστεως NET For by grace you are saved through faith NR For by grace you have been saved through faith, KJV For by grace are ye saved through faith; NIV For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith NJB Because it is by grace that you have been saved, through faith NLT God saved you by his grace when you believed. CEV You were saved by faith in God, who treats us much better than we deserve. MG aving is all his idea, and all his work. All we do is trust him enough to let him do it. PRE ACT -- TEM -- o/ε Prim PRE M/P/D -- TEM -- o/ε PrimMP IMPF ACT ἐ TEM -- o/ε ec FUT ACT -- TEM σ o/ε Prim FUT M/D -- TEM σ o/ε PrimMP 1AOR ACT ἐ TEM σα/α -- ec 1ΑΟR PA ἐ TEM θη -- ec 2ΑΟR ACT ἐ *TEM -- o/ε ec 2ΑΟR PA ἐ *TEM η -- ec PERF ACT -- X TEM κα / α -- Prim PERFECT ACTIVE ICATIVE rd λυ PERFECT ACTIVE ICATIVE rd λέλυ tart with the stem 2

PERFECT ACTIVE ICATIVE κα κα κα κα rd λέλυκα κα Add the κα tense code PERFECT ACTIVE ICATIVE κα καμεν κας κατε rd λέλυκε(ν) κασι(ν) or καν Add the Primary Endings shortens to κε(ν) Two possible forms in P The endings also look like the PRE ACT -- TEM -- o/ε Prim PRE M/P/D -- TEM -- o/ε PrimMP IMPF ACT ἐ TEM -- o/ε ec FUT ACT -- TEM σ o/ε Prim FUT M/D -- TEM σ o/ε PrimMP 1AOR ACT ἐ TEM σα/α -- ec 1ΑΟR PA ἐ TEM θη -- ec 2ΑΟR ACT ἐ *TEM -- o/ε ec 2ΑΟR PA ἐ *TEM η -- ec PERF ACT -- X TEM κα / α -- Prim PERF MPD -- X TEM -- -- PrimMP PERFECT MIDDLE/PAIVE ICATIVE rd λυ tart with the stem PERFECT MIDDLE/PAIVE ICATIVE rd λέλυ PERFECT MIDDLE/PAIVE ICATIVE μαι μεθα σαι λέλυσθε rd λέλυται λέλυνται Add the Primary Mid/Pass Endings directly to the TEM

PERFECT MIDDLE/PAIVE ICATIVE 1 st πεπεισμαι πεπεισμεθα 2 nd rd γεγραπται πείθω γράφω Be aware of contractions with the tem and endings Greek Pluperfect Tense The Greek Pluperfect denotes an action completed prior to some point in the past, with the focus on its result or continued status up to that point. (It s like a past tense of the.) I had studied Greek when I was a child. I had been studying Greek until I finished seminary. Translating Greek Pluperfect Tense The Greek Pluperfect denotes an action completed prior to some point in the past, with the focus on its result or continued status up to that point. (It s like a past tense of the.) I had believed. I had been believing. UBJ had PAT form of verb UBJ had been PAT PROGREIVE form of verb PRE ACT -- TEM -- o/ε Prim PRE M/P/D -- TEM -- o/ε PrimMP IMPF ACT ἐ TEM -- o/ε ec FUT ACT -- TEM σ o/ε Prim FUT M/D -- TEM σ o/ε PrimMP 1AOR ACT ἐ TEM σα/α -- ec 1ΑΟR PA ἐ TEM θη -- ec 2ΑΟR ACT ἐ *TEM -- o/ε ec 2ΑΟR PA ἐ *TEM η -- ec PERF ACT -- X TEM κα / α -- Prim PERF MPD -- X TEM -- -- PrimMP PLPF ACT (ἐ) X TEM κει / ει -- ec rd λυ rd λέλυ tart with the stem 4

1 st ἐλέλυ ἐ 2 nd ἐλέλυ ἐ rd ἐλέλυ ἐ 1 st ἐλέλυκει ἐκει 2 nd ἐλέλυκει ἐκει rd ἐλέλυκει ἐκει Add the ἐ augment (usually) Add the κει tense code 1 st ἐλέλυκειν ἐκειμεν 2 nd ἐλέλυκεις ἐκειτε rd ἐλέλυκει ἐκεισαν Add the econdary endings NOTE: Because there is so much other coding to indicate the PLPF, the ἐ augment is sometimes omitted PRE ACT -- TEM -- o/ε Prim PRE M/P/D -- TEM -- o/ε PrimMP IMPF ACT ἐ TEM -- o/ε ec FUT ACT -- TEM σ o/ε Prim FUT M/D -- TEM σ o/ε PrimMP 1AOR ACT ἐ TEM σα/α -- ec 1ΑΟR PA ἐ TEM θη -- ec 2ΑΟR ACT ἐ *TEM -- o/ε ec 2ΑΟR PA ἐ *TEM η -- ec PERF ACT -- X TEM κα / α -- Prim PERF MPD -- X TEM -- -- PrimMP PLPF ACT (ἐ) X TEM κει / ει -- ec PLPF M/P (ἐ) X TEM -- -- ecmp PLUPERFECT ΜIDDLE/PAIVE ICATIVE rd λυ ONLY OCCUR 7 TIME IN THE NT tart with the stem PLUPERFECT ΜIDDLE/PAIVE ICATIVE rd λέλυ 5

PLUPERFECT ΜIDDLE/PAIVE ICATIVE 1 st ἐλέλυ ἐ 2 nd ἐλέλυ ἐ rd ἐλέλυ ἐ PLUPERFECT ΜIDDLE/PAIVE ICATIVE 1 st ἐλέλυμην ἐμεθα 2 nd ἐλέλυσο ἐσθε rd ἐλέλυτο ἐντο Add the ἐ augment (usually) Add the econdary Middle/Passive endings directly to the TEM Present 1 2 Passive INFINITIVE Mid/Pass/Dep ειν ε - σθαι (M/P/D) σαι σα - σθαι (M/D) ειν ε - σθαι (M/D) θη / η - ναι κε / ε - ναι σθαι (M/P/D) PREENT INFINITIVE ειν - εσθαι to be loosening / to keep on being loosened 1st AORIT INFINITIVE λῦσαι σασθαι to loosen / to be loosened 2 nd AORIT INFINITIVE λαβεῖν λαβέσθαι to take / to be taken AORIT PAIVE INFINITIVE λυθῆναι to be loosened βληθῆναι to be thrown PERFECT ACTIVE INFINITIVE λελυκέναι to have loosened PERFECT MIDDLE/PAIVE/DEPONENT INFINITIVE σθαι to have been loosened (passive) PERFECT REDUPLICATION When verb begins with: Most consonants > simple reduplication πεπιστευκα λελυκα Vowel / diphthong > lengthen the vowel / diphthong ἀγαπαω> ἠγαπηκα (yes, it looks just like an augment) Aspirated consonant (φ θχ) > reduplicated with corresponding unaspirated consonant θεραπευω > τεθεραπευκα φιλεω > πεφιληκα Double consonant (ψ ζξ) or two consonants > reduplicate with ἐ (yes, it looks just like an augment) ζητεω > ἐζητηκα σταυροω > ἐσταυρωμαι Irregulars: ee section 105, page 86f. ἐγγίζω * ἕτερος, -α, -ον οὔπω πολλάκις Croy Lesson 15 Vocabulary 6

Croy Lesson 15 Vocabulary ANALYI * ἀκήκοα * γέγονα ἤγγικα * ἐγήγερμαι * ἔγνωκα * εἴρηκα (for Inf, no Pers/#) ἤγγικεν ἐγνώκειτε σέσωκέν προείρηκα ἐξεληθει γεγονέναι PER 1 2 # P TENE Pres, Impf, Aor, Fut MOOD Ind Inf VOICE Mid Dep Pass TRAN (for Inf, no Pers/#) ἤγγικεν ἐγνώκειτε σέσωκέν προείρηκα ἐξεληθει γεγονέναι PER 1 2 2 1 ANALYI # P P TENE Pres, Impf, Aor, Fut,, Plpf Plpf Plpf MOOD Ind Inf INF VOICE M D P TRAN it has drawn near you had known s/he has saved I have spoken before s/he had gone out to have become Croy Lesson 15 Exercises Do sentences 4, 5, 8, 9 and 11 of Practice and Review Do NT #5 Work on: LP 15 Vocab Primary/econdary Endings Quiz on Tuesday the 11th tart working on 50+ vocab list Analysis of a few and/or Pluperfect forms hort translation (for INF, no person or number) PERON 1, 2, NUMBER, P TENE Pres, Impf, Aor, Fut,, Plpf MOOD Indic, Inf VOICE, Mid, Dep, Pass πέπτωκα πολλάκις ἔπεσον ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ μου, νῦν δὲ πέπτωκα καὶ οὐ δύναμαι ἐγείρεσθαι. Croy # 7