am- - {Ko-tKm-dn-tbm-kp- ]m-\ Cu \m-at[bøn- - Hcp- ]p-xn-b ]p-kv-xiw- Cu B o-kn- - (]pkvx-im-`n-{]mbw) ]cp-ae kvarxn 448

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]cp-ae kvarxn 448 am- - {Ko-tKm-dn-tbm-kp- ]m-\ (]pkvx-im-`n-{]mbw) Cu \m-at[bøn- - Hcp- ]p-xn-b ]p-kv-xiw- Cu B o-kn- - A Sn- p- Xøm-dm-bn-cn- p- p-. {]kv-xp-x ]p-kv-xiøn-s {KŸI - Øm-hp- kv-txm-{xio- -Ø\w,- {]m- - \m- Ko-Xw,- am- - Zo-h m-tkymk Ncn-{XKm-\w- F o- ]p-kv-xißfp-ss {KŸI -Øm-hpw- ]{Xn-I hm-b\ m-cn- - A[n-Iw- Bfp-Iƒ- pw- ]cn-nn-x\pw- Bb Nnßh- \Øp- ]p-e-øp-cp-øn- - Nm-s m- F Ip-cp-S\m-sW p- Xp- Sn-. ]pkv-xisø kw-_ n- p- hm-b\ m-cn- - hn-tijhn-[n-bm-b Hcp- {]Xn- ]Øn-sb P\n- n- p- Xm-sW p- ]dtb Xn- s m-. ssiihzibn- -Xs \b\cln-x\m-bn- `hn- Hcm-ƒ- ta -]dbs hbpwae scbp- F m- kp-dn-bm-\n- m-cp-ss CSbn-epw- {]Nm-cw- D m-bn- p- hbp-am-b {KŸßƒ- p- I -Ør-Xzw- hln- p- Xn-\p- tbm-ky- \m-bn-xo- - Xn- - A p-xs ts n-bn-cn- p- p-. C{]Im-cap- hsc t{]m- m-ln- n-t Xp- kap-zm-bmw-kßfp-ss Np-aXebpw- AXn-s\ \n-dth p- Xn-\m-ep-am-Ip- p-. ""sim- p-sa{xm- -''- F p- \ma{ihwam-{xøm- - B\µ`cn-Xcm-bn-Xo-cp- ae scbp- kp-dnbm-\n-{in-kv-xym-\n-ifm-b kiep\߃- pw- Xn-cp-a\ n-se Om-bm- ]StØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b {]kv-xp-x ]p-kv-xiw- F p-am-{xw- Blv-fm-ZP\yambn-cn- p-sa p- hm-b\ m- -Xs Duln- p-sim- s. Xn-cp-ta\n-bpsS hn-ÿm-cam-b Po-hNcn-{Xw- KZy-cq-t]W {]kn- o-icn- n- p-s nepw- Hcp- kw-kxn- Fs m-gpw- a\ n- - ÿn-xn-snøp- Xn-\p- KZysØ m-ƒ- ]Zyw- G a[n-iw- ^e{]zam-bn- p- Xm-Ibm- - Cu Ir- Xn- Hcp -{]Im-chpw- A\m-Zcn- s Sp- Xn-\p- Im-cWan-. CXn-ep- Km-\߃- kw-ko-xim-kv-{x m- - p- am-{xa kvvv-{xo-iƒ- pw- Ip- n-iƒ- pw-iq-sn- kp-{km-ly-am-bn-cn- Ø hæw- efn-xam-bpw- \ΩpsS CSbn- - ]q- - o-iam-bn- \S p- Zpx-Jhm-b\,- ]m-\ ap-xembhbp-

449 ]cp-ae kvarxn ss co-xn-bn-epw- As{X D m- s n-cn- p- Xv-. CXn-\v- \n-iv-nbn- n-cn- p- Np-cp-ßn-b hn-ebm-b c cn{iw- sim-sp-øp-hm-ßp- Xn-\p- Ignhn- m-øhcpw- B{Klap- hcpw- Bb Bfp-Iƒ- p- ]p-kv-xiw- Zm- \ambn- p- sim-sp- p- Xn-\pw-Iq-Sn- {KŸI -Øm-hp- Dt±in- n- p- Xn- \m- - Xn-cp-ta\n-sb p-dn- p- \n-jv-if ` n- kv-t\l_lp-am-\m- Zn-Ifm- - CXn-te p- Xm- - DZyp- \m-bm-sw p- am-{xsa hn-nm-cn- m- \p- p-. ]p-kv-xiw- hn- p- m-ip- BZm-bw- sim- p- B hµy-]n-xm-hns kv-am-ciam-bn- Hcp- kt kv-iq-ƒ- \SØWsa v- Dt±in- n-cn- p- Xpw- ta -]d B csø Zr-UoIcn- p- p- v-. \Ωp-sS I -Øm-hn-s acww-aq-eap- ho-s Sp- n-s\ Adn-bn- bpw- X q-ew- k`m-a sf mw- DØa` m-cm-bn- Xo-cp-IbpwsNøWsa p- Xp- B hµy-xn-cp-ta\n-bp-ss sfln-i Po-hn-XØns {]Ytam-t ym-iam-bn- h p-sim- p- B Po-h\m- w- ]cn-{ian- bpw- \n- hn-lv-\w- \SØs Sp-Ibpw- snbv-xp-h n-cp- Xn-\p- A\p-IcWobam-bn- At±lØn-s kv-am-ciw- \n-e\n- -Øp- Xn-\p- kt kv-iqƒ- \SØm-sa p- \n-iv-nbn- n- p- Xp- G hpw- kv-xp-xy- -lam-b Hcp- DZyaw- BsW p- Xn-\p- c p- ] an- m-. AXn-te p- X - m-ew- ]cp\ßfn- -\n- p- Bhiy-s Sp- klm-bw- ta -]d ]p-kv-xiw- F m-hcpw- hm-ßwsa p- Xp- am-{xam-ip- p-. AXn-\m- - {KŸI - Øm-hn-s {iaw- k^eo-icn- p- Xn-\p- kiep\ßfpw- D p-i mcm-bn-cn- p-sa p- hn-iz-kn- p- p-. (ae- c CS-hI ]{XnI 1903 anyp\w e w. kºm-z-i : Fw. Ipcy txmakv)

]cp-ae kvarxn 450 am- - {Ko-tKm-dn-tbm-kv- ]m-\ ]p-ø -]m-\bp-ss co-xn-. ]pe-øp-cp-øn Nmt m Nmt m F Ipcp-S tiƒ- Ww- {]n-btem-tisc\m-sa mtam- -t Ww- as\m-[ym-\tam-tshcpw,- sszh` n- p-xp-ey-am-bn- bm-sxm- pw- Po-hIm-ew- \ap- p-s m-`q-xse. X hpw-\ cxv-\߃- am-wn- w- Xs BIn-epw- ` n-tbm-ssm- p-sam,- txs\ m-fpw- a[p-cckap- ]m-\o-bw-xs ` nsbt m- -s Ww- sszh` n-bn-em-scm-po-hn- p- p- Bbh -Xs [\y- - alm-[\y- -,- sszhsøhn- p-po-hn- pw- a - y-s\m- {Zhy-Øm-ep- m-ip- hn-tij߃i n-bpw- _lp-am-\hpw- Io- -Øn-bpw- ` n-hn- p- `m-ky-ßsfm bpwam-bxs F p- hn-nm-c߃am-\køn-en-cn- Wsas m-gpw- a -Xy-Po-h -]p-ibv- p-kasa pw- kxy-thzw- Iev-]n- p- txm- -s Ww,- BIbm- aatkm-zc m-sc \mtai\m-y\m-bn-am-{x Po-hn-s Ww-

451 ]cp-ae kvarxn tem-ipo-hn-xaev-]am-bp- Xn- tem-itzhs\ Bcpw-ad s,- ar-xyp-zq-x - hm-xp- -\n-ev- p- p- Fs m- -søm-cp- am-bn- ]m- - Ww- \m-sa mww-cw-[cn-{xn- ]ctzisa Xpw- \o- [cn-tiww- kv-t\ln-xm- am-\sk,- w-cw- [\hpw- alxz-hpw- Io- -Øn-bpwkm-[p-hm-Ibn-s pw- [cn- Ww-. Fs m-sgm- w-cw- Kr-l߃- shsn-bp-s ev-]mam-tbm-cdn-hp-an- m- - p-sa,- C o-am-bhebn- - Ip-Sp-ßm-sX Ft p-ap- `m-ky-sø hm-rv-on- mwsszh\ bn- - ]q- -Æcm-bn- Po-hn- psszhkωxcm-tiww- \m-sa mw,- \ bn- -Xs Po-hn m- - a -Øy-\o- P w- km-[n- bn-s p-cbv- s kxy-thzamw- ]p-kv-xiw-aq-eam-bn- Io- -Øns] hn-ip- m-scm- bpw- \sωt m- - kahym-]n-ifmw- sszh \n- -Ωn-XP\as sbt m- - Ww- ` m-cp-ss Po-hnXw t]m-se \mw- ` n-bn- -Xs \n-xyw -Po-hn-t Ww,- a -Øy-s\hjfm- p-hm- - km-øm-s \n-xy-ap- {]bxv-\tam- -Øo-tSWw- _ sshcn-bmw- Zp- s\m-ss m-cpwbp- w-snbv-xp- Pbn- Ww-\n-Xy-hpw- {]m- - \Ifp-]hm-k߃-Xs km-øm-s\pbn- m-\p-s m-cm-bp-[w- \ hæw- {]tbm-kn- p-sa m-in- h `\mw- sszhsøm-sw o-smw,- Bbp-[ßfn-hIƒ-{]tbm-Kn- pw- Bbp n- \m-ƒ-ign-s m-cp-xm-]k -

\Ωp-sSXm-X - am- -{Ko-tKm-dn-sbm-kmw- \ m-[ ys Po-hn-Xtam- -t Ww- \n-jv-ttbm-sp- t\m- -]p-iƒ- {]m- - \ H pw-`w-kan- m-sx \SØn-Xm- - Zp- t\m-sp- Pbn- m- - \ap-s mw- Zr- m- am-bn-po-hn- Xn-`m-Ky-hm- -,- sszh` \m-bn- \n-{z{]m-]n-t m-cpsszhzm-k - Ncn-{Xw- alm-nn-{xw- ]m- -Øse _lp-aw-ketziamw- Io- -Øn-tbdpw- ap-f pcp-øn-x n- hm- an- m-sx ]q- -him-ew-ap-x - ] Xz-hpw- ]Tn-Xz-hpw- \n- - p- ]Ø\am-b am-\y-tadp-s m-cp- Nm-Øp-cp-Øn- - P\n- Xn-`m-Ky-hm- - \t m-tcikl{khpw- hnw-ixnsim- w-aq- n- - an-yp-\w-{xo-hm-ksc sszhim-cp-wy-am-bxn-\m- -Xs sszhzmk -]n-d p- [cn-{xn-bn- -, kv-\m\\m-ƒ-xs Ko-hdp-Ko-sk pwkv-\m-\\maw- hn-fn- p- ]p-tcm-ln-x ap- n-t\sp-hm- - _m-ey-im-ew-ap-x - ` n-]m-ei\m-bn- hf - p- Xm- - Iq- p-_m-ei m-cn - klhm-kwhn- p-xm-s\xn-cn- p- sszh[ym-\w- Iq- cp-ss Ifn-Iƒ- hn-t\m-z߃- C sas y-xm- - sszhsø tkhn- p- D hw- ap-x - th -Xn-cn p-s m-cp- Xev-]cs Xn-cp-aI\n-t±lw- A cßfmw- hn-zy-]m-tßfn- c Is Xn-cp-Zm-k -ap-jy\mbn- `m-jiƒ- aebm-fw- kp-dn-bm-\nbn- - `m-jn-xw- snbv-hm-t\ w- sxfn- p-xm- - ]cp-ae kvarxn 452

453 ]cp-ae kvarxn siωm-»\m-bn- Iq-dntem-kp-Xm-X\m- snsω G p- Xm-\m-Nm- cyÿm-\hpw- Aev-]Im-ew-`cn- p-sszhm-ebwk -{]kw-kw- \SØn- k`bn- -Xm- - Aßs\Xm- - {Iaambn-`cn- p-sºm-ƒ- Aßp-ssZhln-XØm- - akq-cn-bm-bn- \m-y\mw- alm-im-cp-wy-\m-bi t`zam- n-x - Zm-k\\p-{Klm- - I -Øm-hn- alm-` \n-xp-aq-ew- {]txy-iw- sszhtøm-ssm- Sp- bpw- Bÿbm-tem-scm-` P\Øn-s ]p-kv-xi߃- hm-bn- p-[ym-\n- bpw- \s m-cp-hr-xk ym-kn-am-cp-ss \ Pohn-Xsa mw- {Kln- bpwhn- sas y- hr-xa\p-jv-tn- p-hm- - B{Kln- bpw- snbv-xp- k `m-ky-hm- - ] n-iƒ- Xm- -`cn- sb p- Xpw- X n-xm-]k - ` cn- -tncp-hm- - `m-ky-hm-\n-xp-sszhhn-fn-sb pwtbm-ky-am-bn-[cn o-tsww- am-\sk `w-k-an- m-sxs\m- -]p-iƒ- {]m- - \ `w-ksas\y-xm- - \n-xy-a\p- n- pwk ym-khr-xw- Im-Øp-{kjv-Tm-hn-s k n-[n-bn- - klhm-kw- snbv-xp-xm- thkw-zbdm-bq-km-bpw- Xm- -ssis m- phµy- - am- -Zo-h m-tkym-kv- Xm-X\m- - H pw- sshim-sx k ym-kw-]m-en- m- sh n- Zbdm-tN - p-k `m-ky-hm- - Ir-Xy-\n- bn - {]m- - \bm- - a pw- I -Øm-hn- -Xs \n-xyw-po-hn- Xm-,- kxy-sszhsøtkhn- Xm-]k kxy-am-bÿn-xn-bn- - Xm- -Po-hn- p-

km- m- -k\ym-kn-xs Cs±lsa n- n-xn-tem-isaßpw- {]kn- am-bn-, Aßs\` - ]m- -Øp-Po-hn- p-sºm-ƒ- Aßp-\n-s gp-s n-k`m-i -Øy- - ]m-{xn-b - o-kp-xm-x ae sc F{Xbpw-alm-tLm-jtam-sSØn-Xm- - Beb߃- _m-hm-z -in- bn- tae[n-im-cn-am-sc \n-tbm-kn- ptaev] Øn- m-bn-sshzo-isc_m-hmk -{]n-bm- - th -Xn-cn-s m-cp-iq Øn- - ` \m-ao-iym-\m-bi -Xs ap- n-s m-økp-w߃-{kln- p-xm- - m-\tam-sn-k`bn- -`cn- p-hm- - m-\n-bmw-sshzo-tis\ p-i -Ibm- -,- {]m-bta w-ip-dt m-cm-sf pw- {]o-xn-bm- - th -Xn-cn- p-ait\-bpw- sa{xm-ÿm-\w-e`n- p-hm-\m-{klw- Nn-ØXm-cn-etijan- m- n- p-w- Xm-Xt\m-Sp- ` n-\n-an-øam-bn- BZcm -kωxn-s s snm- m-hpsim- am-bn-caºsxm-ssm- m-b sim- w- Im- -Øn-Ihnw-iXn-\m-sfm- n- - ]dhq-sc sszhm-ebw-x n- - ]ca` \m-ip-an-s±lsø aq- mw-]t{xm-kp]m-{xn-b - o-kp_m-hm- D Xamw- ]Zhn-bn- -hm-gn- pam- -{Kn-tKm-dn-tbm-sk p- \m-aøn- am- -«o-lm-ÿm-\w- {]m-]n- p-`m-ky-hm- - ]n-s bp-ao-k`m-xeh - _m-hm- D X\mIpw- sszhxn-cp-zm-k - Cu ae sc sszhm-ebßfn- - Cu alm-ap-\n-k m-cam-bxn- - ]cp-ae kvarxn 454

455 ]cp-ae kvarxn \ Xmbn-k`t m-scm- i ߃- F mwiev-]n- p-bm-{xxn-cn- Xn- - Xm-Xs\ A\p-bm-{Xbm o- pxm- - Xm-]k - tae y- sc m-cpam-bn- H pw-sshim-sxh p-]n-xm- m- - sh n- -Zbdm-X n- -kz-cqan- p- \mev-]xp-t\m- -s]-sp-øp- kr- m-hn-s ap- -]n- -[ym-\am-bn-]m- - bpw-snbv-xxn - ` \m-ao-iym-\m-bi alm- ` n-bm- -Xs t\m- -]p-a\p- n- p- ]n-s Cu \ [\y-\hn-ts pw- `n- sas y-k`sb`cn- p-hm- - D n-te hpw- kv-t\lam-bn-xm-]k - ] n-iƒ-txm-dpw- tam-zm-segp-s n- Bebßfn- -`n- n-xw-xo- - p-hm- tae y- \n-t±lw-axn-sb pw-. tem-icn-ep- kωxw-aq-eam-bn- tem-i -Xm-s\gp-s p-hm-\m-{ibw- \ym-bw-\o-xn-bpw- kxy-tam-sp-xs \ym-bxo- - bn- -kωxtah\pw-. B - p-an hn-kωxw- Xm-Xs\ Hm - n-en-s±lsa{xsbm-`m-ky-hm- - Xm]ks AXr-]v-Xn-kºm-Zn- m- im]am-bn-hcp-sa p-p\ßfn- -. t]sn-aev-]a m- Xpw- \m-ys\ t]sntbm-sn-xn-cp-ta\n-hm-gv-ibm- - Cßs\ Cu Xm-Xs alm-fly-߃- Xn-ßn-\hn-[w-sNm- -hxn- m-cp- p.- k`tbm-sp- kv-t\lhpw- X p-ss k`m-a sf Im-Øp-{]kw-Khpw-, A\yp-]tZiw-tI p-p\sa mw- `n- am-im-bv-]m- \n-xy-{]bxv-\hpw.-

kxy-am-bn- Xs Pm-{KXbp-tam- -Øm- kxy-tzh -Xn-cp-aI\n-t±lw-, \n-cww-ap-xem-tbm-cn-shi `cn- o-sp-tºm-fßp- cp-fm-se. Im-ew-sNbv-X am- -bq-en-tbm-kv- Xm-Xs Bebßfm-bn- Xp-tºm- -apxem-b,- ] n-iƒ-iq-ss \ m-bn-`cn- p-xm- - ] n m- -Xs ` n-bm- -ssis m- p-. sszh` \mw- s]m- p-xn-cp-ta\nsszhkωx\m-bn-`cn- p-sºmƒ-, bm-{xbm-bn- ]n-s ssd\n-hn-em-øn-sb, sa{xm-\m-bn-hm-gn- m- - Ip-fºn- pw. {InkvXp \my-\-h-xmc {Kma-ambn I Øm-hn-s {][m-\kv-xetøbpw- Im-tWWsa p-` n-bm-te hpwam-\sk Xm-X\m-{Klw- h - n- p-. {In-kv-Xp-Im-etam-tcIkl{khpw- {In-Xy-sa p-ixhpw- sxm-æq- n-,- B{KlsØkm-[n- m- - Xn-cp-ta\n- Pm-{KXbm- - P\sØ{Kln- n- p-. sszh` \p sem-i -[\w-\ -In- {Zhy-tiJcw- snbv-xp-k -`m-ky-hm- - I -am- - sagp-s n-xm-]k k -{][m-\ÿe߃- Z -in- p-. c Im-c -]n-d Kncn-ap-X c \m-y - {Iq-sis m-cn-stam-fpw- {In-kv-Xp-Xr- m-zw- tn -Øp-\S Xm-bn- Io- -Øn-bp- ÿeßsf mw-i p- I -Øm-hn-s hn-ip- I_ -I p- I -Ø -]m- -ØKr-lßsf mw- I p-, ` - sszhp\\n-ap-xem-b ` cp-ss I_dp-sa mw- I p. ]cp-ae kvarxn 456

457 ]cp-ae kvarxn C{]Im-cw-]n-Xm-hn-s B{Klwk -{]n-bøm- - atlm- X - km-[n- p,- Zp- - Sÿesa mw- IS p-xm- \m{klw-t]m-se bm-{x\n-h -Øn- p- kxy-` \o-bm-{xhn-hcamw- ]p-kv-xihpw- Na p- {]kn- ambn-, hµy-xm-xs\ ` n-bm-se{xbpwsshim-sxtem-i -hm-ßn-x - ]p-kv-xiw-. tam-ztam-ss hm-bn- p-p\sa mwkm-zcam-bn- {Kln- p-hr-øm- ߃-, F{Xbpw-Xs ` n-bm- -Xs Cu bm-{xkm-[n-s s m-p\ßfpw-. kv-xp-xyw-snm- n- alm-hµy- -X p-ss kxy-` n-hn-tij߃- sim- m-sn,- ` n-aq-ew-{]kw-kn- p-xm-]k - ` tem-ticn- -\n- p-[\w- t\sn- Xm]ks ln-xÿeambn- pw- Xm-akn-t m-cp-`m-kw- ]cn-ase, C t]m- -_lp-{zhyw-nn-ehn- ph ] n- kn-ω\m-cnbpw- Nn-Xam-bn-. I m-te w- txp p-hn-fßp-s mcm- hs hn-ip- hmk-kv-xew,- `m-ky-hm-s {]bxv-\^ean-xm-bn- ]m- -Øse\msa m-hcpw- Im-Wp- p.- \ Xn-ßp-aXn-am-\p-j -Xs kωxao- ae sc am-{xsam-, ]m-{xn-b - okp-_m-hm-xn-cp-ta\ns {XkΩXsa pw- {Kln-s WwkXy-hn-iz-kv-Xs\ p- hn-izm-kw- I -Øy-\pw- Xn-cp-am-\sk ]q- -Æam-bn,- Xm-X\p- do-io-km- n-cp-hpw-xm- tam-ztam-sn- hn-iz-ÿs\ Gev-]n- p-.

Xm- -Z -in- {Km-atadp-itew- X n-ep- {][m-\n-bmw-xm-x\pw- BÿesØsshZo-I -P\߃- pw- Cu ÿm-\m-]xn-xs alm-kv-t\lw.- Cßs\ Hcp- k -Kp-W]m-eI - Fßp-ao-bp-KØn-ens p-hn-izm-kw-, Cs±lØn-s \ \S p-iƒ- {i tbm-sn- p-]n- p-scp-t m-s\. `q-xsebp- a -Øy-P\ßfn- - bm-sxm-cp-ø\p-am-t ]n- o-sp-sam- Fßpw- Io- -Øn-bn- -` -Xn-cp-ta\n- Aßpw-`m-Ky-hm-s\ p- ktµlsamsszhkωxa sbm-`m-ky-hm- tem-ikωx\m-bn-`hn- Xpwip- n-am-\m-ao-s]m- p-xn-cp-ta\na y-{]m-bøn- -\n-{z{]m-]n- bm- am-wn-iy-sam- p-t]m-bhn-[w-t]m-se am-\p-j -s mw- tjzw-kln n-sm- F pw- hµy-s m-\hn-tij߃a n- - am-\p-sjscm- - m-xn-cn- p-sam- ]cp-ae kvarxn 458 2. sebw- am- w- AΩIg n- F co-xn- Icp-WtIfp-Stbm-\p- Zm-k\m-bn -kv-t\ltam-ss,- \n-cwhpw- ap-xem-tbm-cm-ebsa mw-. `cww-snsbv-xm-cp- am- -{Ko-tKm-dn-tbm-kmw-hµy-Xm-X acww-{]m-]n- txm- -Øm-se{Xsbm- Zpx-Jwk`bv- p- hn-f søm- aßn-bs m- F p- tem-i - \n-\bv- p-tºm-ƒ- alm-zpx-jw-s]cp-io-sp- paxn-am-\mw- {]n-bxm-x - kp-xsc th -]n-cn- Xn s]m-xp-shbp-s m-cp-xm-]w- ]dbm-hs {In-kv-Xp-Im-eam-bn-chpw- Iq-sSsbÆq-dm-btijw-

459 ]cp-ae kvarxn {In-Xy-am-bsßgp]Øm-dm-bXn- -am-kwhr-iv-nn-iøn- ÿm-\ta hµy-\mw- tae[n-im-cnhnw-ixn- Ggm- n-t\m-fpw- `cn- tijwkl{km- sxm- mbn-chpw- c p-am-bi n-bzywsszh` - Xn-cp-ta\n tcm-kn-bm-bs m- ` \m-ao-xm-]ks Zo-\hm- -ØtI p-ss\ ` n-bp- P\sa mw-zpx-jnxcm-bn- {In-Xy-\n-jv-Ttbm-Sp- Xs D]hm-kw- t\m- -]n-\m-epw- IØy-\søm- Im-b_ew- Ip-d q-\n-xywh - n- p-h -ikn-s hep-xm-tbm-cp-]{zhw- h - \hm-en-f n-xm-\p-zcw-]n-s,- CXp-aq-ew-Xm-X\søm- o-wsa p-am-{xa Acp-Nn-bpw- Zl\an- m-sxbpw- h q- Cßs\ w-cw- hr-x\ßp-ar-xyp-tcmkw-]n-sn-s] kw-kxn-sb\n-\bv- p-tºm-sf{xsbm-zpx-jwtcm-kn-bm-ipw- Xm-Xs\t]m-bn- Im-WWsa m-itbm-ss tem-isc- mw- ]eam- -s bm-{xbp-am-bnh p -h p- I p- Xs Xr- chpw- ap-øn- apøn- \n- p-\n-t m-scm-p\߃- Ic o-sp- par-xyp-tcm-kw- tzl]o-uxp-sßn- Xm-]k\s m-ƒam- -Zo-h m-tkym-kp-xm-x - Iq-Sbn- m-sx ]m- -Øesaßpw- {]kn- -cm-p]m- -siz- ] n-x n- - ]m- -Øp-hy-hlm-csam- p- \SØo-Sp-tºm-ƒtkm-Zw-s Zo-\hm -Ø Iºn-aq-ew- ti p-ss\ thz\bm- thkasøm- Xm-s\gp-s o hµy-\m-ipw-xn-cp-ta\n-tcm-kn-bm-ao-`m-ky-hm-s\ h p-i hn-em-]ßsf p-snm- m-hp- Pm-{KXbm- -\SØn- \ºcp-aßp-t] n- p- B{Klam-bn- tcm-kt`zw-im-wwsa p- ]m- -Øhn-sShµy-Xm-X - \m-ep-`m-kßfn -\n- p-w Io- -Øn-s] sshzy-scbpw- hcp-øn-thkw- Hu-j[tam-scm-XcØn- - snbv-xp- Xs kp-jøn- m-bn-

]cp-ae kvarxn 460 \n-an-jxbn- - Nn-In- bpw- \SØo-h p- F p-xs sim-sp-øm-epw- tkm-zc - Po-hn- Wsa as m-cm-{kløm- - hkn- p-xm-x - DØa\mw- tkm-zcs Zo-\hm- -Ø{Kln- n- pwhr- \m-w- am-dø\m-skym-km-sbm-cp-xm-x - n-wtadn-hilo-\\bn- `hn-s Xp-aq-ew- Im-Wp-hm- -km-[n- n-sm-sx Zpx-Jn-sX\m-bn- {]m- - \bm- - kz- tzsi ]dhq -] n-bn- - Xs ]m- -Øp-Xm-\ßn-cp-s s ]dhm-\p- ptcm-kn-bm-bn- tkm-zc -Xm- - hn-cn-tae -dn- t m-ƒthksagp-s n- am-do-hm-\n-tbm-kv- Xm-X h p-i p-zpx-jtam-ss hen-b]n-xm-hn-t\m-s sßm- n-sx\m-bn- ]m- -Øp-Zo-\kp-JsØImWv-am- tkm-zc\mw- ]n-xm-hn-s Zo-\t`Zw-IWp-hm-\m-bntkm-Zcn-bpw- h p-zpx-jm- - hkn- p-iq-ss C p-im-wpw- kp-jw- \m-sfim-wp-sa ßm-itbm-sS aµam-bn- ]m- -Øp-s]߃- {]m- - \bm-epw- Xm-]k\p- ap- -]\m-sbm-c{kps kp-x m-cpw- X -`h\hm-kn-isf m-hcp-am-bnh p-i p-zpx-jn-xcm-bn-]m- -Øhcpw- ]m- -iz-`m-sk hµy-\m-ao-xm-xs\m-cm-iz-khpw- Im-Wv-am- tcm-kasøm- Zn-hsks\s]cp-In-h Xp-aq-ewtcm-Kn-bm-ao-Xm-Xs\ I n-sp-hm- -th n-. h slm-\m-\m-zn-in-bn- -\n- n-l tem-ickm-jymh p-\n- ß{ip-[m-c Hgp-Io-Sp- p- ]m-cn-søn- - ]cs ßp- Io- -Øn-s] s]cp-\m-fn- - ]m-cn-ep- P\sa mw- hcp- t]m-se h p-i p-bm-{xsnm- n-\evv- p-sa tem-i -kw-jy- C p-snm- -hm-s\fp-xs `q-an-bn-em- - pw- Bbn-cw-t] - hcp-t cw- Bbnc߃- ]n-cn-bp- p- Bbn-cw-t] - Xn-cp-ap- -]n- - Ic o-sp- p- I n-t`zw- axhy-xym-kßsfm- pw- \n-s\ m-sx

461 ]cp-ae kvarxn C n-xn-hm-kn-isf m-aw o-sp- p-. tcm-kn-bm-ao-xm-]ks\im-wwsa m-isbm-ss tem-i -h p- kn-ω\m-cn-bn- - \n-d o-sp- ph hn[sa n-ep-w-xm-xs Xr-ss H p-ap-øn- \ Xm-tbm-c\p-{Klw- e`n- m- -th n-. Xn-ßn-hn-ßn-ASp- p- P\߃- p- kw-jy-bn- m- Aßp-Xm-X - kp-xs\ I p-cp-io-sp- ptcm-ktlxp- Zp- - eam-bn-xf - p- Xn-cp-tZlwtem-I -I p- Zpx-Jn-sXcm-bn-]n-cn- o-sp- p- ` cmw- sshzo-i -Xs Xn-cp-ap-ºn- - iq-{iq-jn- pw-. ` n-tbm-ss \n-ev- p-sa \n-ebpw-i m- - - Zp-Jn-tXcm-bn- ]n-xm-hn-s A\p-{Klw- hm-ßp-hm-\mbn \n-ev- p-a]p-tcm-ln-xsc kv-xp-xn- pw- tem-i -. {]m- - \bm- - Xn-cp-ap-ºn- - cm-]ien-shn-sm-sx ]m- -Øp- ip-{iq-jn- hcmw- sshzo-i m-sc tn -Øp-sIm- pw- c n-xm-sh p- Xn- ktµlan- m-. ar-xyp-thm-fw- ]cn-i -Ωn-s {Xtbm- `m-kywar-xyp-h p-`hn- m-sx `m-ky-hm- Po-hn- p-hm-\m-bn- {]m- - \bpw- tem-isc mw- \SØo-h p-. hen-b Xm-X ap-xem-bn- ` k\ym-kvxm-\n-ifpwsshzn-i m- - P\sa mw- ap-s o-sm-sx. \n-xy-am-bß\p- n- {]m- - \Iƒ- aq-eas{x ar-xyp-zn- - w- Xm-X\n-ßp-hm-\h \ In-. _lp-hn-[am-b kv-t\l_lp-am-\m-xn-iƒ Xs aln-abv- p- X Xm-bn- P\߃ snbv-xp-. axn-am-s\ Im-WWsa m-{klam-bn- hcp-t m-scsa mwbym-tbm-kyw -kev- cn- m- asn-iq-sm-sx. th Xp- t]m- - kn-ω\m-cn-bn- - `m-p\km-am-\ sim- p- h ßm-eb m- - Iq- n- [m-cm-fw-. Cßs\w-cw- Xn-cp-ta\n- tcm-kn-bm-b \m-ƒ- ap-xev-s crv-p\bn- - ` sc mw- kv-t\lhpw- Im- n-.

]cp-ae kvarxn 462 ]cn-ip- acn- n- p- c p-zn-hk߃ ap- s] Xn-cp-ta\n- Acp-ƒ- snbvx-hn\w- tiƒ- o-. C\n-bpw- Rm-\n-cp-\m-ƒ- Iq-sSßn-s\ t]m- o-sp-sa hn-\btam-sn-xp- snm- n- `m-ky-hm- thkw-. kie sshzo-i m- - pw- k`bv- p-am-bn- s]m- p- Xm-X kitei Xn-cp-ap- ]n- - {]m- - \m- snbv-xp-. acw\m-ƒ- ]I -Xs A y-i o-em-xn-i pacwøn-s m-cp- am-bn- In-S p- Xm-X. C{]Im-cam-bn-ctam-sSgp-]sØ m-b sim- aev-]in-bn- - hnw-ixn-\m-ƒ Xn-I cm-{xn-. A ]p-xn-ßpw- Xn-cp-ta\n- t\m- ]c߃ kln- søm A ]Xp-\m-ƒ hn-cn-x n- - In-S tijw-. GItZiw- a y-cm-hn- - Xm-]ks ar-xyp-t\cw- BIsh BkvX-esa mw- tim-`n-xam-bn-. `m-ky-hm-\mw- ]n-xm-hn-s Im-baXn- - \n- p-ss\ `m-ky-hm-kw- tncp-hm-\m-bn- tzln-bpw- hm-ßn-. kxy-` acn- søm-awn-\m-zw- ap-gßp- p- AkvX-esØ {]em-]ßfp-sc m-hs. hen-b s]m- Xn-cp-ta\n- am-do-hm-\n-tbm-kp- Xm- Zbtdm-km-ÿm-\n-Ifpw- hn-em-]am-bn-. sshzo-i m- P\ßfpw- `r-xy-zm-k m-cp-sa mwsnbv-xn-sp- {]tbm-kßsf p- snm- m-hp- s\m-ºcan-s t]m-se am- - n-søßsn- bpw- Xºp-cm-s\ hn-fn-t m-scm-kz-chpw- tiƒ- mw-. \n-esa mw- Ip-ep-ßp-tºm-ƒ _eam-b \n-ehn-fn- ]e -Iq-Sn- hn-em]߃ s]cp-io-sp- p-. Kp-cp-Xm-X Xn-cp-ta\n- ]n-cn- s m- F p-snm- n- Icbp- p- in-jy-cm-ipw- sshzo-isc mw-. BZcthm-Sm-Zn-sXm- ß y-tam-fpw- ip-{iq-jn- bm- sshzo-i m- Zpx-Jasøm- -kln- m-hs X߃ snbvx- {]bxv-\߃ km- y-sas `hn- bm s]m-ßp-hm-\pw- hln-bm-sxin-s q- Zpx-Jw-.

- 463 ]cp-ae kvarxn Xm-in-tbdpw-Xm-X\m-sbm-scPam-\ X n-ep-s mcm-isb mw- \in- s m- F Xpw- snm- n-. `r-xy-zm-k i an- p- k S߃ kln- n-sm- ]m- -ØeØn- - ho-wp-cp- sß{xsbm- Zpx-Jw-. kw-`han-xp- - tzlw- Icp-Xo-Sm-Xh snbvxpÿw-`n-sxcm-bn- Nn-esc mw- In-S n-sp- p-. km-c\m-b tkm-zcs tzlhn-tbm-kw-\n-an-øw tkm-zcn-bpw- Iq-sS Po-h shsn-bm-dm-bn-. C p-xs Pn-hlm-\n-F p-txm- pw- hn-[w-t]mse- A p-s]߃- p- Zp-x-Jw- kln- m-hs. _m-ey-xim-ew-ap-xev-s ` n-bm- - kv-t\ln- p-h hen-b s]u-tem-kp- dºm-k-\h Xm-\pw,- in- ap- Zbtdm-km-kv-Xm-\n-Isf m-hcp-am-bn- H Sßm-Xp- Zpx-Jw- ]dbm-hs. `m-ky-hm-\m-zyw- ap-xev-s Nn-In-Xv-kIƒ \SØn- m- Pm-{KXIƒ snbv-xp-h Kp-cp-hm-Nm-ø. Ko-hdp-Ko-sk aev-]m-\ \pw- X in-jy-cp-am-bn-ew- Xm-]tadn- hn-em-]߃ kln- n-sm-sx. aq-ø]p-{xs\ ]n-xr-xm-s\ t]m-se kv-t\ln- aqhr- \mw- am- Zo-h m-tkym-km-sbm-cp- Xm-X. thz\bm- - tkm-zcs\ Im-Wp-hm- km-[n- n-sm-sx Xm-X\søm-Zpx-Jtam-Sßn-cp-s p- p-. hµy-\m-ao-]n-xm-hn-s ar-xn-tzlw- Nabn- ß p-xs Itkcta - Ccp-Øo-thKw-. ÿm-\hkv-{xßfp-sa mw- am-\tam-sßwn-bn- pÿm-\nn- w- hsn- o-_m-ap-sn-bp-am-bn,- tim-`tbdpw- hn-[asøm- Xm-]sk\m-av-Z_lm-bn tim-`n-xamw- Xn-cp-ap-Jw- ]iv-nn-sat\m- n-. k - {]kw-kam-bxn- p- Po-h\m-fn-cn- p-tºm-e p-x\mw- sszhzm-tk\n-cp- o-sp- p-. `m-ky-hm-s I_ -Zm-\am-bXn-s m-cp- kabw- `m-ksas\y- \n-iv-nbn- p- Xm-]k -Iq-Sn-.

]cp-ae kvarxn 464 Ccp-]Xpw- c m-ip-sa Xo-bXn- snm- m-gv-n\m-fn - Icp-Xn-c m- awn-s \n-iv-nbw- t]m-se. Iev-]Ifb p- tzhm-eb m- - {Kln- m-\m-bn- H p-ap-{z Zpx-Jtam-sS hen-b Xm-X. \n-hr-øn- C m-bv-i aq-ew- Zpx-J]{Xam-ƒ-hiam-bnsIm-Sp-Øp- ] n-iƒtxm-dpw- e`n- o-sp-tºm-ƒ. Xn-Sp- am-bn-awn-sb mw- \n-dp-øo-sm-xn-ltem-iwap-g p-am-dsn- p- p- ] n-iƒtxm-dpw-. sszh` \m-ip-sa s]m- p-xn-cp-ta\n- Xs tzlhn-tbm-khn-hcw- {Kln- p- tem-ti -. ti ti am-{xbn-etßm- am-bn- P\sa mwhm- tam-ss kn-ω\m-cn-bn- - Iq- am-bs m-. kz- P\a\y-I n-ln p- -Pm-Xn- m-cp-sa msa p-am-{xw- h n-xsøm- Xm-Xs\Im- -am-. \ ]p-wy- ar-xn-tzlw- h hn-[sam- p- I m- - \ Xm-tbm-c\p-{Klw- t\sn-sm-sa p-. ]q- -Æam-bn- hn-iz-kn- p- Xn- p-ta w- Xn-c p-am-bn- FÆan- m-xp- tem-ticsp-øo-sp- p-. Ccp-t\{Xßfn- -\n- pw- Pe[m-ctbm-Sp-Xs Ccp-\qdn Ip-dbm-sX sshzo-i m-cpw-. _ \m-bn- Zpx-Jtam-sS am-do-hm-\n-tbm-kp-xm-x {i Nn-Øtam-Sp-Xm-\pw- {]bxv-\w- snbv-xp-.. Gdn-b hn-em-]tam-ss ip-{iq-jiƒ \n-hr-øn- p- Gdnb temi p ZpxJw ]d-bm-h-s. F{Xsh n p-cn-ip-iƒ Nn-{Xsam-Ø s]m- Ip-cn- O-{Xsa{X sim-sn-ifpw- Np- n-ep-am-bn-. F{X\ Itkcta - ] p-taev- n- p- Io-sg F{Xsbm- ]p-tcm-ln-xcm- - hln- pw-sim- p. a sfxm- {]n-btam-ss t\m- n-b\p-{kln- sbmsh aßp-bm-{xxm-x snm- -Isbm- F B p-at m-ƒ txm- p- am-do-xm-]k {]Z WØn X - sas\y-ix - o-spw- am-\ksa mw-.

465 ]cp-ae kvarxn B kaban-fim-ø a\p-jy-co-]m-cn-ep-s ms Gk`bn-ep- h - p-w Zpx-JsatXm- q.- am- -Zo-h m-tkym-kp- Xm-X {]n-b\m-ao- tkm-zcs - ar-xn-tzlw- t\m- n-t\m- n- Dcp-Io-Sp- p-. A n-c n- - \n- p- c Xp- nxs s]m-gn- p p.- c n-xm-hmw- \m-y\s{x \ In-bm-izm-kwam-do-hm-\n-tbm-kp-Xm-X Zbtdm-km-kvXm-\n-Ifptadn-b]p-tcm-ln-Xcpw- P\ßsf mw-. Zpx-Jap- hn-em-]ßfm-cp- ti m- - kln- n-spw- Zpx-Jta Xn- n-xp-t]m-se ]m-cn-ep- m-ipw-. ` n-tbdpw- a fm-b\mcnh - ßfp-sa mwi n-t]m-seam- -hn-søßsn- p- Zpx-Jw- A lm-kw- \n-ehn-fn- Iq- sa m-sam-cp-t]m-se H pasøm- ian- n-sm-sx{xsbm-zp-x-jw-. `m-ky-hm-s ar-xn-tzlam-eb {]Zn WØn- - `m-ksa mw- Zpx-J\m-Zw- ap-gßo-sp- p-. F{XXs ITn-\ m-cm-in-ep-aßn-fio-spw-. i{xp-h - ßfp-at m-ƒ Zpx-Jn-Xcm-Ipw-. ]p-wy-hm-s Xn-cp-ta\n- {]Zn Ww- \n-hr-øn- ]p-wy-xr-ss ap-øp-hm-\pw XpSßn ]ns F p Xs `hn- m-epw- -ip Xr-ss H p-iq-ss A y-ap-ø n-s h m- `m-ky-sat m- -Øp- Xn- tem-sßsp- p- am-\p-jy- -s m-kw-jy-bn- Xn- m-hm-\pw- i n- m-sxm- p-t]sc m-. A{ip-[m-ctbm-Sp- Xs ar-xyptzlw- ap-øn-ap-øn- A{ip-[m-csIm- p- `q-an-\\ p-tem-i -. A p-h P\sa mw-`m-ky-hm-s\ ap-øp-hm-\m-bnh Sp- p- Xn-\p- _lfw- I m- -. H n-\p-ap- m-ibp-s m- _lfßfn-xp-t]m-se F p-txm- pw- Im-Wp-sa P\߃-s mw-. Cuhn-[am-bn- P\sa mw- Xr- ctam-tcm- p-ap-øn- Po-hn-Xhn-tijsas m- Cuhn-[sa mw-.

]cp-ae kvarxn 466 GItZiw- ]Ie mw-awn- p-x Icw-ap-Øn- BIshH hkm-\am-bxn tijw-. Zo-\\m-Ip- Xn-s\m- p-\m-fp-ap- s] Xn-cp-ta\nkv-\m-\t\cw- \n-iv-nbn- tßin-bt]m-se. azp-_lm-bv- p-abv- em-bv- pw- as y-`m-sk `m-ky-hm-\mbnln-xw-t]m-se Xo- -ØXm-bI_dn- -Xs. ÿm-\hkv-{xßfpw- Xs ÿm-\nn- w- hsn- o-_mÿm-\hm-s in-c n-s -ap-sn-bp-am-bn-. ` \m-ao- Xm-]ks ar-xn-tzlw- Itkcta - ` ntbm-sm- I_dn-eßn-d o-h p-. [q-]h - w-sim- p-xs an- hm-dpw- aq-sn- tem-i - t m-hn-f p-sagp-izo-]ßfpsa mw-. `m-ky-hm-\nßcp-`m-sk tim-`n-xam-bn-h p-]n-s `m-ky-hm-s\ I dbn- - ad m-tijw-. AKXn-Ifm-bh - p- hkv-{xzm-\a p-\ -In- Ah[n-bn- m-xtem-i Zp-x-Jn-tXcm-bn- `m-ky-\m-ao-]n-xm-hn-s tzlhn-tbm-kw- \n-an-øw- `m-ky-tzm-jao-k`bv- m-bn- `hn- p- ]m-cn- -. kp-dn-bm-\n- k`bv- p- alm-zo-]w- ad s mkp-dn-bm-\n- _lp-ko-xkz-chpw- aßo-. k`m-n ßfpw- Im-t\m- \n-baßfxp-sa mwk` n-tbm-s\n-jv-t m-\n-\n-taem-cp-. A\y-am- -s Ps\- sam- pw-`n- sas\y-tn -Øp-sIm-ƒ-hm-. a n-te w- {]bxv-\n- Xm-X\n-t±lw-. Z n-wtzißfn-se Bebßsfm- n-sm-sx ] am-bn- Zn-htk\Xm-s\gp-s n-. ` n-sshcm-ky-øn-ep- k -{]kw-kw- aq-eas m-. ap- n-am- - w- tn -Øp- Xs P\sØ \n-xyw-. C n-xm-hn- Po-hlm-\n- Im-cWao-k` n-t mfev-]a m-xp- \ w-`hn- p-f pw-. Cßs\ Hmtcm- p-snm- n- Zpx-Jap- `m-jn X߃ ]p-wy-\mw- Xs p-dn- p- P\ßsf mw-.

467 ]cp-ae kvarxn tem-iam-si ]c søm-x hn-tbm-k h -Øam-\wtem-Isa mw- hn-em-]߃ s]cp-io-sp- p-. `m-ky-xm-x -Z -in-t m-tcdp-ite X n-ep- ap-jy-\mw- tae[n-im-cn Xm-]k _m-hm-. `m-ky-hm-s Po-hlm-\n- Iºn-am- - adn- t m-ƒ ` \m-an-t±lhpwsam-lm- y-am-b ho-wp-. F{X]m-cw- hn-em-]n- p- Xm-X\p-aÿeØp- F{Xsbm-]p-tcm-ln-Xcpw- P\ßsf mw-. DØahn-izb ]p-{x kz- - `msk tn - p- F h -Øam-\w- Iºn-bm-eßdn- m-t\cw-. kxy-hm-\mw-]m-{xn-b - o-k n-xm-hpw- hym-ip-eøm- - I -Ør-\søm-Nn-ØXm-cn- - Zpx-Jn-tX\m-bn-. tem-isa m-sam-cp-t]m-se hn-em-]n- m- X ` tem-i`q-an-en-xp- t]m-ep- m-ip-sam- taen- - `m-ky-hm-s ap- Xmw-\m-ƒ-tLm-jtam-sS \SØn- m- tbm-ky-am-bhn-[aßp-\n-iv-nbw-t]m-se. D n-te w-zpx-jtam-ssam- -Zo-h m-tkym-kp-xm-x ] n-iƒ- p- Iev-]\Ifb p-thkw-. th t]m-se P\sa mw- {Zhy-tam-Sm-lm-c[m-\ywsIm- p-h p- kzy-\ m-bn- hln- m- th n-. A p-h P\߃-s m- kw-jy-bn- m-xn-cp-ta\n- p-tem-i - Im-gv-Nbm-ep- h p-[m-cm-fw-. A Zm-\t`m-P\w-sIm- p- tem-i - Xr-]v-Xn-s phµy-s\bpw- ` n-tbm-ss kv-xp-xn- o-sp- p-. t\ km-am-\ßfm-bn- Im-gv-Nhs m-tcm-xcøn- t\ - {Zhyw- hfscbpw- Xm-X\m-bn- h p-. F{Xsbm- tim-em-lem- - km-[n- p-xs s]cp-\m-fpw-. F{Xsbm- alm-p\߃ kv-xp-xn- p-hm-ßn-. hr- cm-ipw- Xm-]k m- - y-i -Ω߃- Xn-I m- hr- lo-\tkm-zcs\ Im-Øn-cp- m-sd. ap- ]\m-bn- tkm-zc Xm- th -]n-cn- aq-eatø

]cp-ae kvarxn 468 Aºp-N n- -Xdbv- p-tºm- thz\bm-epw-. hr- XXm- - tkm-zcs ar-xyp-tijw-th sx mw- Ir-Xy-am-bn- snbv-xtxm- -Øm-se{Xsbm-Xm-]w-. tiƒ- Ww- `q-tem-isc\mw- `m-ky-hm-s Po-hn-Xß sfm- - Wsat p-asøm-ad o-sm-sx. D X\mw- h `\p-zm-k\m-ao-xm-]ks. ]n- Sn-bn- - \S m-sem-`m-ky-ap- m-ipw-. k -^eßfm-ip-sa {]m- - \Ifp-]hm-kw- Iev-]\Iƒ Im-Øp-Xs Po-hn-Xsa mw-. I p-\n-xyw -{Kln-t m-cmw- tem-i -Xs ]n- p-s - msem- p- `m-kyw-hm-\n-se p- kw-iban-. D Xamw-]Zhnta-tedn-sb Xn-cp-ta\n- X p-ssbøn-cp- m-sz\sωbpw-tn - m- `m-ky-hm-s\]n- p-s - p- \n-xy-hpw- Po-hn- p- Xt m- Sm-{Klam-bn- {]m- - \IfW o-tsww-. F n-sem- Cu ]p-wy-xm-x ]m-]n-ifmw- \ap- m-bnkz- - tem-sisszhap-ºn- - {]m- - \m- snøpw-. \o-xn-am-s {]m- - \Isf{Xtbm- km-[n- p-sa pw-. thzhm-iy-acp-ƒ-snøp- n- sbm-tiƒ- n- BIbm-eo-`m-Ky-hm-s {]m- - \bpw- \n-iv-nbam-bv tem-i\m-y tiƒ- p-sa p- [cn- o-tsww-. BIbm-se tkm-zc m-cm-bhsc \m-an-\n-bpwhym-ip-e߃ t]m- p-hm-\n-xm-xs\ Hm -Øp-. {]m- - \Iƒ [ym-\tam-spw- ar-xyp-h n-spw- hsc\mw- ]m- -Øp- Po-hn- o-sp-sa n- - `m-ky-ap- m-ipw-. k - tem-ikr- n-xm-hpw- k - am-\p- c n-xm-hpwk - ip- m-flm-hp-am-sbm-c p-xm- \n-xyw-. \m-ys\ \n- Zm-k\p-ao-]m-]n-Ifm-aSn-bm- - p- Xm-X\p-am-Ip- am- - {Ko-tKm-dn-tbm-kp- [\y- kxy-am-bn- \n- he`m-sk ]m- -Øp-tam-Zm- hm-gp-sa pwkxy-lo-\ hn-iz-kn- p-s ip-sh ]m-ln-.

469 ]cp-ae kvarxn C n-xm-hn- ]m-z]o-tw- tn - p-h o- ]m-]n-ifpa \mw- \n- Xn-cp-ap-ºn- - kv-xp-xn- m- th n-. Bitbm-Sn- Sn-bm-cpw- {]m- - \IfWbv- p- p-. Gip-\m-Ym-]m-ln-]m-ln- k Xw-]m-ln-. \Ωp-sS IYm-\m-bIs\ p-dn- p- ]cp-ae ] n-bp-ss Hcp- {]em-]wk m-]ta k m-]ta F pw- Xo-cm-sXI p- k m-]ta. k m-]øn- an- m-xp- k m-]im-cww- snm- m-ht m. Fs _m-hm- am- - {Kn-tKm-dn-tbm-k Xs kz-aµn-cw- tn - tlxp-. ]m- -ØeØn- - Io- -Øn-am-t\ Rm-\ntßm- -tøm- -Øp- t\{x\o- - hm- -Øo-Sp- p- ]cam-xm-x hm-ßn-t m-tb Rm-\pw- ]cn-xm-]tam-ss hkn- o-sp- p-. Acn-a _m-se ]cn-aetb F ßn-\n-ta - hn-fn- Xn- m-cp-an-t. ]cn-]m-et\ Hm -sø hn-em-]øns\m-cp-kam-[m-\hpw- Xcp-hm-\m-cp- \n-cwam-sbm-sc m-xm-sh! \n-s `cww- snbv-hm-\m-cp-an- m-xm-tbm-?- Icp-Wm-tbdpw- \n- p-ss Im- \pwacww- {]m-]n- s m- F m-xm-sh! Lm-XI m-sc m-xm-hn-\p- aq-sp-]sam-si \o- o-sp- p-. Cºtadpw- Xp-tºm- -] o- \n-s sntºm- ap-sn-sbm- p- \ am-tb siƒ-t m-ssßpw- Io- -Øn- hn-fßp-

ssi p- -] n- \n-\ pw- Zpx-Jw-. P\tadp-t m-tcm-a q-sc \o-bpwa\x-zpx-jn-xbm-bn- hkn-s sbm- p-. D n- -alm- tjzam-bn-tn m- p- ] n-sb \o-bpw-ic o-sp-im-. Dbcam-Ipw- Im-b p-fsa \n-s Pbho-c t]m-bs m- F p-im-wpw-. {]n-bam-then- ctb \o-bpw- \n-s {]n-b Im- s\tbm- -Øp- ]cn-xm-]n-. I q-t co- a -tkm-zco- \n-s \ tae y \n- m-xm-tbm-. Xn-cp-h m-tb \n-s `cn- p-hms\m-cp- \ n-sb\n-xp-t]m-em-cp-. axn-am- ÿm-]n-s m-cp- {]n-bsslkv- q-sf \n-s a\kv-xm-]w- Xo-cp-hm- Im-eaps- m-. hn-b]p-csa \n-s t s m- Kp-W]m-e h n-ßp- Zo-t\\m-bn-. A y-am-ipw- tam-xn-chm-gv-hxpw- \n- - ka - n- p- t]m-t I w-. As sbm- a -Iq-S n-d p-isf m-cp-sa \n-ßtfm- -Øo-Sp-hn-. \Ωp-sS tae y- \m-sbm-cp- \ m-[\o-is kw-kxn-iƒ. Ft p-am-bn- \sω n-cns m-cphµy-s\tbm- -Øp- hn-em-]n- p-ho-. N{µt\m-Sp- Xp- y-am-bn- tim-`n- pw- Xs Xn-cp-ap-Jsa p- Im-Wpw-. C\n-taetøm- a[p-ctadpw- Xs Xn-cp-sam-gn- tiƒ- m-\p-an-sbn- s m-. i{xp- \sω B{Ian- o-sm-bv-]m-s\ {Xbpw- Xm-X {]bxv-\w- snbv-xp-. {X\ m-bn- k`sb kv-t\ln- p- ]cp-ae kvarxn 470

471 ]cp-ae kvarxn sa{xm-t m-eo-ø m-cp- m-ip-sam-. ti m-epw- sa tkm-zcn-ifm-ipwtim- bw-sxm- p- ] n-isf! \n-ßtfbpw- tabn- Xm-Xs kw-kxn-tisf mw- Hm - p- n-s. a o-ses kv-t\ln-xn-am-sc msat m-sp-iq-ss {]em-]n- s. tim- biw- kn-ω\m-co- \n- n- - Iq- kv-xp-xn- p- t{i hm-ßn-. asn-bn- m-fn-s m-cp-an-un- -kv-iq-sf \n-s hsn-hßp-\o-ßn-t m-bs m- I w-. aln-am-tbdpw- sam-f p-cp-øo- \n-s aln-am-zo-]ÿ`w- ad p-t]m-sb. Io- -Øn-tbdpw- Nm-Øp-cp-Øn- \o-bpam- -Øm-eSßm-Ø Zpx-Jw-Xs. `m-ky-tzm-jo- \o-bm-bs m- \n-s `m-ky-hm- - \n-s n-cn- m-aq-ew-. C -]q- Is \m-ss \n-\ p- m-b thz\ an- m-hsxm-. Ip-µw-Ip-fw- ] n-isf \n-ß sf pw- {]em-]n- p-as m- I w-. ` n-tbm-ss \n-߃- hwßn-b ` -]n-xm-hn-s\ Im- -am-\n-s. bdp-itetap ho-ss \n-s Z -in- `m-ky-hm- - \o-ßn-t m-sb. H p-\n-s h p-i o-ssw sa p- Xm-Xs Hcn-iv-Nm-t]m-se. Xs Iq-sSZbdm-bq-km-ÿm-\n- Xt m-sp-iq-ss Kp-cphm-Nmcy- tn - hcmw- aq- p- sshzo-icpwtn -s m-cp-an-s m-cp- siωm-»\pw-. ÿm-\ap-dm-t]m-se Hcp-sº

ÿm-\n-itfgp-t] - Zm-ks\m- p- C{]Im-csa- m-ƒ- kz-cp-an- bm-{xbn-te w- Xp-W p-\m-y -. F p-tzlw- sh Øn- - t\m-ln-s s] IØn- - c s] t]m-se. C tam-so-sb p- ico-c߃- {k m-hn-\m- -Øs c s] p-. Zp- - Samw- am- - ßfn- -Iq-Snkz- - kq-\n- bm-{xkm-[n- s m-. ` \m-ipw- Xm-Xs B{Klw- ` n-cn-en- - \n-hr-øn- s m-. Cßs\bn- p-wy-]n-xm-hn-s kw-kxn-itfm-tcm-t m- - p-s n- -. Zpx-Jasøm-Xo- - m-hs a oem- - p-ao-xm-]as m-hs. a n-ses ÿm-]i\m-sbm-cphµy- am- - Zo-h m-tkym-kp-xm-x -. tkm-zcs\hm -Øp-kam-[m-\ taxp-an- m-sx {]em-]n- p- p-. A an-s Rm-\p-an-Xm-Xs\msSs m-kam-[m-\w- snm- o-sp- p-. tkm-zc -Xm- -t]m-bxn-s\ Hm -Øptkm-Zc - tijw-]n-xm- m-cpw-. Bizm-kan- m-xp- Zpx-JØn- m-izm-khm- p-an-\n- n s m-. Rßfp-sS sshzo-icm-tbm-sc \n-ßfp-tam- -Øp-hn-em-]n- p-ho- -. bm-t m-_m-ba fm-ip- R߃- p-s m-cmw-kßsfm- bp-sa. \Ωp-sSbm-]p-Wy-]n-Xm-hn-s \ m-hn-tijßtfm- - Wsa. \ Xn-ßpw-s]m- p-xn-cp-ta\n- ]cp-ae kvarxn 472

473 ]cp-ae kvarxn \Ωfn- -\n- ßp-hm-ßn-sbt m-. Ft p-am-bn- \Ωp-sS Zr- n-bn- - \n- p-ad s m-s]m- p-xm-x -. F n-ep-ao-`m-ky-\p-]cn-ip- mkw-løn-eßp-ks m-jn p- p-. I -Øm-hn-s in-jy-p\ßfn- tn -Øßp-\m-Y\\p-{Kln- p-. a fm-ipw-\ωƒ-]n-xm-hn-s\ kz- - m-\µw-x n- -I o-sp-hm- -. X hæw- hµy-s Po-hn-X tam- -s Wsa n-tem-km- y-am-ipw-. \ Iƒ- p- Zr- m- am-sbm-cp- \ m-[\o-is\ ]n- p-s - m- -. X - an-s kz- - kt m-jß fm- - pw-e`n- p-sas m- -Øo-Sp-hn- -. lm-s ep-øm- Xm-Xs Xr- m-sz h `s\t pw- ]m-sn-bn-smw-. (k-ºm-z-i : Fw. Ipcy txma-kv)

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