3 WRF * Abou a Regional Aospheric Moel, WRF Hirouki KUSAKA, Cener for Copuaional Sciences, Universi of Tsukuba 1 Weaher Research an Forecasing oel Version 3.0 (WRFV3) 1) NHM ) CReSS 3) WRF WRF MM5 4) WRF NICAM 5) WRF WRF WRF, WPS WRF-Var WRF-CheWRF WPS GUI WRF-Poral, WRF GrADS, Vis5D, RIP4 1 WRF, WPS, WRF-Var, WRF-Poal WRF-Che *305-8577 1-1-1 E-ail: kusaka@ccs.sukuba.ac.jp 1 WRF WRF.1 WRF PSU NCAR MM5 CSU RAMS 6) OU ARPS 7) NCEP Ea MM5 RAMS ARPS LES NCAROUNCEP NOAA/FSLAFWA WRF WRF
4 NCEP NCAR 008 CFD NCEP NMM-WRF 8) NCAR Avance Research WRF (ARW) 1 ARW NMM ARW ARW WRF ARW NCAR WRF 9) WRF WRF Dr. Ji Duhia Dr. Wei Wang NCAR. WRF WRF WRF USERS PAGE (hp://www..ucar.eu/wrf/users/) WRF Forran90 CPP WRF Linu CPU Inel AMD 86_3, 86_64 PGI, Inel, GNU Mac Open MP MPI Xeon, Core Duo, Operon Linu-PC PACS-CS WRF WRF WRF 16.5 Ver. WRF ain/ WRF n_e/ phs/, frae/ share/ run/ Regisr WRF I/O iplici none inen coon, equivalence goo oule save oule I/O WRF Regisr Regisr Regisr WRF Regisr
5 Regisr Regisr 1 WRF 3 NeCDF (Nework Daa Coon For) NeCDF naelis WRF NeCDF Parallel NeCDF WPS WRF-Var WRF WRF-Var.3 WRF CFD RANS WRF WRF WRF φ θ θ (1) () (3)-(5) (6) (7)(8) (9)(10), (11) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) V = v, Ω = µ &, Θ = µ θ, µ = µ ( p h p h ) µ = p Q = µ p h ph phs µ F p 0 (=1000hPa) R α γ = c p cv ρ & q q s p ( Vu) + µ α p + ( α α ) p φ FU U + = ( Vv) + µ α p + ( α α ) p φ FV V + = ( Vw) g ( α α ) [ p ] FW W + µ = φ µ Θ + µ 1 + ( V) = 0 [( V φ ) gw ] = 0 ( Vθ ) = FΘ ( Vq ) F Q + = φ = α µ Q ( R θ α ) γ p p = p0 0 q
6 WRF WRF MM5 MM5 p,,, 1 WRF WRF WRF LES.4 WRF MM5 MM5 WRF 3 CFL 1k 6 1/4 WRF MM5 MM5 Arakawa-B WRF Arakawa-C MM5 WRF 5-6 + 10), 11) WRF MM5 1) WRF 6 Sagorinsk 10) naelis naelis
7 WRF 3 3 5 10 1.5 3 WRF Mellor-Yaaa Level.5 MRF YSUMRF Mellor-Yaaa Level.5 MRF YSU MRF MRF 0 C (1) K c (13) k h w γ c γ c ) sfc C Kc γ z z γ K c z = kzws 1 h = 7. 8 ( w c ) s (14) ( w c w s h MRF w s - h YSU MRF WRF MM5 Sagorinsk LES WRF LES Moeng e al. (007) w s sfc c
8 SLAB Noah-LSM, RUC-LSM, PX-LSM SLAB Noah-LSM RUC-LSM Noah-LSM UCM 13), 14) UCM MM5 WRF 15) UCM SLAB 9 8 3 WRF Kessler Lin Lin WRF WSM3, WSM5, WSM6 WSM6 6 single-oen pe 6-class WSM5 5-class WSM3 3-class WRFV3 ouble-oen pe Morrison 4k CAM WRF.6 WRF WRF WRF solve_e naelis, MRF, YSU, Mellor-Yaaa-Janic, ACM 3 3 WSM6
9 3 3.1 WPS WRF WPS real 1 WPS (1) WRF geogri () GRIB ungrib(3) WRF geogri egri 3 WPS HP geogri geogri NeCDF GPV GRIB ungrib Vable GRIB WPS WRF WRF WRF real 3. WRF-Var 3.1 WRF WRF-Var WRF-Var 3 3DVAR 4 4DVAR ETKF ETKF 3DVAR Hbri ETKF-3DVAR sse 3DVAR.3 4DVAR J a B 3DVAR 3 b real WRF WRF-Var 3DVAR GPS H R WRF-Var B WRF-Var J naelis (KF) K KF
10 EnKF. EnKF ETKF ETKF ETKF EnKF EnKF Hbri ETKF-3DVAR ETKF P f 3D-Var ETKF 3DVAR 1 b T f 1 b ( ) = ( ) [ βb + ( 1 β ) P S] ( ) J 1 + (15) β S P f 0 3DVAR Hbri ETKF 3DVAR EnKF ETKF P f 3DVAR 3.3 Nuging an Bounar Coniion WRF 4 4DDA Nuging θ = F T 1 [ H ( ) ] R [ H ( ) ] ( θ ) + G W ( θˆ θ ) (16) θ θ 0 G F W real WRF 5 w 0 0 0 3.4 WRF-Poral WRF GUI WPS, WRF WRF-Poral 4 (hp://www.wrfporal.org) WRF-Poral Java Runie Environen (JRE) Winows, MacOS X, Linu OS WPS, WRF WRF-Poral PC WPS, WRF 4 WRF-Poral
11 4 3 WRF MM5 WPS real LES 3 5 NCAR WRF NCAR CM1 MPAS CM1 LES 3 WRF WRF MM5 RAMSARPS WRF CM1 MPAS Moel for Preicion Across Scales WRF WRF MPAS NCAR HP NCAR Dr. Fei Chen, Dr. Ji Duhia, Dr. Wei Wang, Dr. Mukul Tewari, Mr. Davi Gill, Mr. Michael Dua, Dr. Se RH Rizvi, Dr. Yong-Run Guo, Dr. Jason Kneivel, Dr. Anrew Crook NCAR WRF-Poal CFD S-5-3 1) Skaarock, W. C., Klep, J. B., Duhia, J., Gill, D. O., Barker, D. M., Dua, M. G., Huang, X.-Y., Wang, W., & Powers., J. G.: A escripion of he Avance Research WRF Version 3, NCAR/TN-475+STR, (008) 16pp. ) Saio, K., Ishia, J., Aranai, K., Hara, T., Segawa, T., Naria, M., & Hona, Y.: Nonhrosaic aospheric oels an operaional evelopen a JMA. J. Meeor. Soc. Japan., 85B (007) 71-304. 3) CReSS (001) 10pp. 4) Grell, G. A., Duhia, J., & Sauffer, D. R.: A escripion of he fifh-generaion Penn Sae/NCAR Mesoscale Moel (MM5), NCAR/TN-398+STR, (1995) 1pp. 5) Sao, M., Masuno, T., Toia, H., Miura, H., Nasuno, T., & Iga, S.: Nonhrosaic icosaheral aospheric oel (NICAM) for global clou resolving siulaions, J. Cop. Phs., 7 (008) 3486-3514. 6) Pielke, R. A., Coon, W. R., Walko, R. L., Treback, C. J., Lons, W. A., Grasso, L. D., Nicholls, M. E., Moran, M. D., Wesle, D. A., Lee, T. J. & Copelan J. H.: A coprehensive eeorological sse-rams, Meeor. Aos. Phs., 49 (199) 68-91. 7) Xue, M., Droegeeier, K. K., Wong, V., Shapiro, A. & Brewser, K.: ARPS Version 4.0 User s Guie, CAPS Univ. Oklahoa, (1995) 380pp. 8) NCEP: User s guie for he NMM core of he Weaher Research an Forecas (WRF) oeling sse Version 3, (008) 148pp. 9) 7 WRF 7 h WRF Users Workshop 54 (006) 5-3
1 10) Takei, T. & Rouno, R.,: The effecs of subgri oel iing an nuerical filering in siulaions of esoscale clou sses, Mon. Wea. Rev., 131 (003) 085-101. 11) Kusaka, H., Crook, A., Knievel, J. C., & Duhia, J.: Sensiivi of he WRF oel o avecion an iffusion schees for siulaion of heav rainfall, SOLA, 1 (005) 177-180. 1) Kusaka, H., Crook, A., Duhia, J. & Waa, K.: Coparison of he WRF an MM5 oels for siulaion of heav rainfall along he Baiu fron, SOLA, 1 (005) 197-00. 13) Kusaka, H., Kono, H., Kikegawa, Y., & Kiura, F.: A siple single-laer urban canop oel for aospheric oels: Coparison wih uli-laer an slab oels, Boun.-Laer Meeor., 101 (001) 39-358. 14) Kusaka, H., & Kiura, F.: Coupling a single-laer urban canop oel wih a siple aospheric oel: Ipac on urban hea islan siulaion for an iealize case, J. Meeor. Soc. Japan, 8 (004) 67-80. 15) Kusaka, H. & Haai, H.: Nuerical siulaion of local weaher for a high phoocheical Oian even using he WRF oel, JSME In. J. Ser. B, 49 (006) 7-77. 1) WRF NMM ARW NMM ARW ) MM5 MM5 z* 3) 1 WRF.3 3 (, ) (, ) = isance on he earh U = µ u, V = µ v, W = µ w, Ω = µ & = p() z + p, φ = φ () z + φ, p = α ( z ) + α, µ = µ (, ) + µ α U + + + [ ( Uu) + ( Vu) ] + ( Ωu) ( µ α p + µ α p) V + + + W + + ( α α )( µ φ + p φ µ φ ) = FU [ ( Uv) + ( Vv) ] + ( Ωv) ( µ α p + µ α p) ( α α )( µ φ + p φ µ φ ) = FV 1 1 [ ( Uw) + ( Vw) ] + ( Ωw) g( α α ) p µ ( q + q + q ) µ g = F [ ] W [ U + V ] + Ω = 0 µ + φ + µ Θ + Q 1 + [ ( Uφ + Vφ ) + Ωφ gw ] = 0 [ ( Uθ ) + ( Vθ )] + ( Ωθ ) = FΘ [ ( Uq ) + ( Vq )] + ( Ωq ) = F φ = µ α α µ ( R θ α ) γ p p = p0 0 v c Q r