Sophocles Oedipus at Colonus (fragment, lines 1-215)

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1 From the SelectedWorks of E. H. Campbell Spring May 1, 2018 Sophocles Oedipus at Colonus (fragment, lines 1-215) Mr. Edward H. Campbell This work is licensed under a Creative Commons CC_BY International License. Available at:

2 P a g e 1 A New Translation with Text and Commentary E. H. Campbell Draft 1.0, April 2018 Campbell s Commentaries Norman, OK

3 P a g e 2 Copyright 2018 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

4 P a g e 3 Table of Contents Oedipus at Colonus... 7 Addenda Plato Crito, 52ξ Operas Citatas... 98

5 P a g e 4 Non enim exilium duntaxat male interpretaris, sed quanti infamiam ac paupertatem fieri oporteat, non sane intelligis. Not only have you thus far interpreted exile badly, and do not understand how it necessarily makes such great infamy and poverty very well. --Francesco Filelfo, On Exile: 16.

6 P a g e 5 Sic animum tempusque traho, sic meque reduco a contemplatu summoveoque mali. Carminibus quaero miserarum oblivia rerum, praemia si studio consequar ista, sat est. --Ovid, Trista:

7 P a g e 6

8 Oedipus at Colonus P a g e 7

9 P a g e 8 Οἰδίπους Τέκνον 1 τυφλοῦ 2 γέροντος 3 Ἀντιγόνη, 4 τίνας 5 χώρους 6 ἀφίγμεθ 7 ἢ 8 τίνων 9 ἀνδρῶν 10 πόλιν; 11 Τίς τὸν πλανήτην 12 Οἰδίπουν 13 καθ 14 ἡμέραν 15 τὴν νῦν σπανιστοῖς 16 δέξεται 17 δωρήμασιν; 18 (5) Σμικρὸν 19 μὲν ἐξαιτοῦντα, 20 τοῦ σμικροῦ 21 δ ἔτι 22 μεῖον 23 φέροντα, 24 καὶ τόδ 25 ἐξαρκοῦν 26 ἐμοί neut. sing. of τέκνον, a child. 2 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of τυφλός, blind. 3 masc. gen. sing. of γέρων, an old man. 4 fem. nom. sing. of Ἀντιγόνη, Antigone. 5 Pron., masc. acc. pl. of τις, someone, anyone. 6 masc. acc. pl. of χῶρος, a space, a place; a region, a country; a piece of cultivated ground, a field under tillage. (Donnegan) 7 1st pl. perf. mid./pass. ind. of ἀφικνέομαι, to arrive at, to come to, or to reach a place. 8 Conj., or. 9 Pron., masc. gen. pl. of τίς, who? or which? 10 masc. gen. pl. of ἀνήρ, a man. 11 fem. acc. sing. of πόλις. 12 masc. acc. sing. of πλανήτης, one who wanders about, goes astray, or errs; a wanderer. (Donnegan) 13 masc. acc. sing. of Οἰδίπους, Oedipus. 14 Adv., prep., down, downwards, against, along, through, over, across, concerning. (Beekes) 15 fem. acc. sing. of ἡμέρα, the day. 16 Adj., neut. dat. pl. of σπανιστός (σπάνις) a scarcity, a want. 17 3rd sing. fut. mid. ind. of δέχομαι, to take, to receive, or to accept. 18 neut. dat. pl. of δώρημα, a gift. 19 Adj., neut. sing. of σμικρός, small, unimportant. 20 neut. pl. pres. act. part. of ἐξαιτέω, to demand or ask for from another. (Liddell and Scott) 21 Adj., neut. gen. sing. of σμικρός. 22 Adv., yet, still. 23 Adj., comp., neut. sing. of μείων, lesser. 24 neut. pl. pres. act. part. of φέρω, to bear or to carry; to carry away; to receive as pay. (Donnegan) 25 Pron., neut. sing. of ὅδε, this. 26 neut. sing. pres. act. part. of ἐξαρκέω, to suffice, or to be sufficient. 27 Pron., masc. dat. sing. of ἐγώ, I.

10 P a g e 9 Oedipus Antigone, child of a blind old man, into which lands, Or to the city of which men, have we arrived? Who shall receive Oedipus the Wanderer With rare gifts today? Demanding little, but of the small, Still less is received, and that is enough for me.

11 P a g e 10 Στέργειν 28 γὰρ 29 αἱ πάθαι 30 με 31 χὠ 32 χρόνος 33 ξυνὼν 34 μακρὸς 35 διδάσκει 36 καὶ 37 τὸ γενναῖον 38 τρίτον. 39 Ἀλλ, ὦ τέκνον, θάκησιν 40 εἴ τινα 41 βλέπεις 42 (10) ἢ πρὸς βεβήλοις 43 ἢ πρὸς ἄλσεσιν 44 Θεῶν, 45 στῆσόν 46 με κἀξίδρυσον, 47 ὡς πυθώμεθα pres. act. inf. of στέργω, to love, of the mutual love of parents and children, of brothers and sisters, of a king for his people; to be content or satisfied, acquiesce. (Liddell and Scott) 29 Partic., for, because; introducing the ground or reason for something said. (Cunliffe) Conj., never placed at the beginning of a sentence, and always referring to something preceding either expressed or understood. It may be rendered by for or because, but also by since, since then, so, so then, but or yet. (Donnegan) The derivation of γάρ from γε and ἄρ has been pretty generally accepted by scholars It is unlikely that for is the primary meaning. (Denniston: 56-7) 30 fem. nom. pl. of πάθη, a passive state. (Liddell and Scott) A calamity; same significance as πάθησις, the act of suffering or enduring a calamity. (Donnegan) 31 Pron., 1st. masc. acc. sing. of ἐγώ. 32 Pron., neut. sing. of ὅς, he, she, it. 33 masc. nom. sing. of χρόνος, time. 34 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of σύνειμι, to be with, be joined or linked with a thing; to live with; to have intercourse with. (Liddell and Scott) To go or to come together, to assemble; to meet in conflict, to encounter; to go to for the purposes of conversation or instruction. (Donnegan) To be or to dwell with; to be lined or joined with. (Cunliffe) 35 Art., masc. nom. sing. of ὁ, for καὶ ὁ. (Donnegan) 36 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of διδάσκω, to teach anything to anyone. 37 Like δέ, [καί] is used both as a connective and as a responsive particle This includes the meanings also and even. (Denniston: 289) 38 Adj., neut. sing. of γενναῖος, to be true to one s birth; of persons, high-born, noble by birth; Lat., generosus. (Liddell and Scott) Natural, inborn; derived from, or befitting one s race; of noble extraction; noble by birth, or by disposition; noble minded, generous, or brave; excellent, good. (Donnegan) Suited to one s birth, seemly, honorable. (Cunliffe) 39 Adj., neut. sing. of τρίτος, the third; Lat., tertius. (Liddell and Scott) The third, the last of three; τὸ τρίτον = in third place. (Cunliffe) 40 fem. acc. sing. of θάκησις, a seat. 41 Pron., neut. pl. of τις. 42 2nd sing. pres. act. ind. of βλέπω, to see. 43 Adj., neut. dat. pl. of βέβηλος, allowable to be trodden, permitted to human use; Lat., profanus. (Liddell and Scott) To be lawfully approached as not being consecrated. (Donnegan) 44 neut. dat. pl. of ἄλσος, a grove. Properly, a well-watered place planted with trees; a sacred grove. (Donnegan) 45 masc. gen. pl. of Θεός, a God. 46 2nd sing. aor. act. imper. of ἵστημι, to cause to stand; to place, or to put; to arrange, or to put in order, to erect, or to set up; to set, to place, or to fix. 47 2nd sing. aor. act. imper. of ἐξιδρύω, to make to sit. (Liddell and Scott) To place out of the way; to settle down; to establish a residence. (Donnegan) 48 1st pl. aor. mid./pass. subj. of πυνθάνομαι, to learn by hearsay or by inquiry. (Liddell and Scott) Cf., πεΰθομαι, To hear of, to learn of, to come to know of or about, something. (Cunlifffe)

12 P a g e 11 Yet this long-time suffering teaches me, Unto 49 the generation 50 third, to be content. Otherwise, O child, if you see a seat anywhere, Either sacred or profane, set me up a place to sit So that we can find out where we are. 49 σύνειμι = along with. 50 The phrase καὶ τὸ γενναῖον τρίτον makes no sense whatsoever unless γενναῖος is taken to mean γενεαῖς (from γέννα), hence even for the third generation.

13 P a g e 12 ὅπου 51 ποτ 52 ἐσμέν. 53 Μανθάνειν 54 γὰρ ἥκομεν 55 ξένοι 56 πρὸς ἀστῶν, 57 ἃν δ ἀκούσωμεν 58 τελεῖν. 59 Ἀντιγόνη Πάτερ 60 ταλαίπωρ 61 Οἰδίπους, 62 πύργοι 63 μέν, οἳ (15) πόλιν 64 στέγουσιν, 65 ὡς ἀπ 66 ὀμμάτων, 67 πρόσω, Adv., where. (Donnegan) In object clauses, in what place, where. (Cunliffe) 52 Prep. (ποτί), to, or towards, indicating the arrival at a point, or a place. (Cunliffe) 53 1st pl. pres. act. ind. of εἰμί. 54 pres. act. inf. of μανθάνω, to learn (Liddell and Scott) To know and to understand. (Donnegan) To have been brought up or trained to be. (Cunliffe) 55 1st pl. pres. act. ind. of ἥκω, to have come, be present, be here; Lat., adesse. (Liddell and Scott) To have come. (Cunliffe) To have arrived. (Donnegan) 56 masc. nom. pl. of ξένος, anyone entitled to hospitality, a stranger, refugee; any stranger or foreigner. Properly, one with whom bonds of mutual friendship and hospitality have been contracted, sanctioned by solemn rights. (Donnegan) Cf. ξεῖνος, a foreigner, a stranger. One not of one s immediate folk; A stranger, one who comes into, or finds himself in, a land not his own. Such a person regarded as being under the protection of Zeus [i.e.,under the protection God since Zeus means God], as entitled to protection and aid. (Cunliffe) 57 masc. gen. pl. of ἀστός, a townsman, citizen. (Liddell and Scott) A citizen, one who enjoys the privileges of a citizen as opposed to ξένος and could mean those who were legally entitled to the rights of citizens though not actually so. (Donnegan) 58 1st pl. aor. act. subj. of ἀκούω, to hear, or to listen to. (Donnegan) 59 pres. act. inf. of τελέω, to fulfil, accomplish, execute, or perform. (Liddell and Scott) To terminate, to complete, to end, to bring to a close; to conclude; to effect; to perfect to complete, achieve, or accomplish. (Donnegan) To make full or perfect, to carry out, to bring to the fruition or consummation of a purpose, design, prediction, ordinance, wish, imprecation, or charge, etc. (Cunliffe) 60 masc. voc. sing. of πατήρ, father. 61 Adj., masc. voc. sing. of ταλαίπωρος, suffering, distressed, miserable. (Liddell and Scott) Capable of sustaining excessive toil; oppressed with toil or misery, wretched, miserable. (Donnegan) 62 masc. voc. sing. of Οἰδίπους. 63 masc. nom. pl. of πύργος, a tower. (Liddell and Scott) a tower, a turret; generally, a turret on the wals of a city. (Donnegan) a fortified wall securing a city or strong place; in pl., walls, ramparts; a tower erected for defense on such a wall. (Cunliffe) 64 fem. acc. sing. of πόλις. 65 3rd pl. pres. act. ind. of στέγω, generally, to keep off, fend off weapons, etc.; with acc. of the thing covered, to cover, shelter, protect. (Liddell and Scott) To serve as protection, to protect or defend. (Donnegan) 66 Adv., From or away from something, away, off. (Cunliffe) 67 pres. act. inf. of ὀμματόω, to cause anyone to see; metaph., to cause to understand, to enlighten. ὄμμα, -ατος [n.] eye; look, sight, face; metaph., sun, light. (Beekes) 68 Adv., of Place, forwards, onwards, further; of Distance, far off, far away. (Liddell and Scott)

14 P a g e 13 For we have come as strangers to learn from citizens, And to do whatever we are told. Antigone O father wretched Oedipus, looking far off, Towers indeed a city defend,

15 P a g e 14 χῶρος 69 δ ὅδ ἱερός, 70 ὡς ἀπεικάσαι, 71 βρύων 72 δάφνης, 73 ἐλαίας, 74 ἀμπέλου, 75 πυκνόπτεροι 76 δ εἴσω 77 κατ αὐτὸν εὐστομοῦσ 78 ἀηδόνες. 79 Οὗ 80 κῶλα 81 κάμψον 82 τοῦδ 83 ἐπ ἀξέστου 84 πέτρου, 85 (20) μακρὰν 86 γὰρ ὡς γέροντι 87 προὐστάλης 88 ὁδόν masc. nom. sing. of χῶρος, a piece of ground, ground, place; a land or a country. (Liddell and Scott) A territory, a region; a piece of cultivated ground; a field under tillage. (Donnegan) A place or a spot; a space set apart for some purpose. (Cunliffe) χώρα [f.] space, interspace, place, position, rank, location, region, estate, land, country; var. χῶρος [m.] space, region, land. (Beekes) 70 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἱερός, super-human, mighty, divine, wonderful; holy, hallowed; Lat., sacer. (Liddell and Scott) Coming from or pertaining to the Gods, divine, godlike; holy, sacred, consecrated to holy purposes; inviolable. (Donnegan) Sacred, holy, set apart, of sacrifices, of altars, of a temple, of the site of a sacred grove; epith. of places; epith. of natural periods of time half-personified as divine controlling powers; of things regarded as divine by connexion or relation. (Cunliffe) ἱερός [adj.] holy; dedicated to a God, divine; also used in a glorifying way: glorious, excellent, strong, quick, etc. (Beekes). 71 aor. act. inf. of ἀπεικάζω, form from a model, represent, express, copy; to express by a comparison; to liken, compare with; ὡς ἀπεικάσαι = as one may guess, to conjecture. (Liddell and Scott) To draw the image of, to portray, to draw the life; to imitate; to copy after, to make like to; to liken to; to compare. (Donnegan) 72 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of βρύω, to be full to bursting. (Liddell and Scott) To overflow, to bubble over; to spring out as water from a fountain; to bud forth, to bloom, to break into flower; to be full; to abound in + dat. (Donnegan) To team with. (Cunliffe) To swell, to teem with. (Beekes) 73 fem. gen. sing. of δάφνη, the laurel, or rather the bay-tree; Lat., laurus. (Liddell and Scott) 74 fem. gen. sing. of ἐλαία, the olive-tree; Lat., olea, oliva. (Liddell and Scott) 75 fem. gen. sing. of ἄμπελος, a vine; Lat., vitis. (Liddell and Scott) 76 Adj., fem. nom. pl. of πυκνόπτερος, many and feathered. (Liddell and Scott) Having closely feathered wings; or as some prefer, having strong wings. (Donnegan) 77 Adv., to within, into; inside, within. (Liddell and Scott) εἴσω, ἔσω, into the interior of something, inwards, in, within. (Cunliffe) 78 fem. nom. pl. pres. act. part. of εὐστομέω, to sing sweetly. (Liddell and Scott) To sing melodiously. (Donnegan) 79 fem. nom. sing. of ἀηδών, the songstress, i. e. the nightingale. (Liddell and Scott) Properly same significance as ἀειδών,, the songster; hence, by excellence, the nightingale. (Donnegan) 80 Adv., where, there. 81 neut. pl. of κῶλον, a limb, esp. the leg. (Liddell and Scott) 82 2nd sing. aor. act. imper. of κάμπτω, to bend, or to curve; to bend the knee so as to sit down and rest. (Liddell and Scott) 83 Pron., masc. gen. sing. of ὅδε. 84 Adj., masc. gen. sing. of ἄξεστος, unhewn, unwrought. (Liddell and Scott) 85 masc. gen. sing. of πέτρος, a stone, as distinguished from πέτρα a rock. (Liddell and Scott) 86 Adv., a long way, far, far away. 87 masc. dat. sing. of γέρων. 88 2nd sing. aor. pass. ind. of προστέλλω, in Pass., προὐστάλης ὁδόν = wast equipt for, didst undertake, a journey. (Liddell and Scott) 89 masc. acc. sing. of ὁδός,

16 P a g e 15 And, so it seems, this is a sacred place, And is bursting with laurel, olives, vines, And down inside it strong-winged nightingales sing melodiously. There, bend your legs and sit on this rugged stone, For you have travelled down a long road for an old man.

17 P a g e 16 Οἰδίπους Κάθιζέ 90 νύν 91 με καὶ φύλασσε 92 τὸν τυφλόν. 93 Ἀντιγόνη Χρόνου 94 μὲν 95 οὕνεκ 96 οὐ μαθεῖν 97 με δεῖ 98 τόδε. 99 Οἰδίπους Ἔχεις 100 διδάξαι 101 δή μ ὅποι 102 καθέσταμεν; nd sing. pres. act. imper. of καθίζω, to make to sit down, seat. (Liddell and Scott) cause to sit, place sitting, seat. (Donnegan) To cause to seat oneself, bid be seated. (Cunliffe) 91 Adv., now, at the present time; this day. (Donnegan) 92 2nd sing. pres. act. imper. of φυλάσσω, to keep watch and ward, to keep guard. (Liddell and Scott) To watch, to observe, or to spy; to lie in wait, or be on the watch; to preserve or defend. (Donnegan) To guard, to be on guard over, watch, protect, shield, defend, keep from harm or injury. (Cunliffe) 93 Adj., masc. acc. sing. of τυφλός, blind. Metaph. applied to the sense of hearing, and to the mind; dull, blunt, obtuse, unfeeling. (Donnegan) Blind, dark, blocked, clogged. τυφλός belongs to the numerous adjectives in -λός that indicate physical or psychical defects...the original meaning seems to have been obstructed, clogged, dark. (Beekes) 94 masc. gen. sing. of χρόνος, time. (Liddell and Scott) A space of time. (Cunliffe) Period or course of time, (a definite) time, lifetime, time limit. (Beekes) 95 emphatic partic. μήν, honestly, certainly, truly. (Beekes) 96 Conj., on account of which, wherefore. (Liddell and Scott) οὕνεκα and οὕνεκεν for οὗ ἔνεκα, on which account; since, because. (Donnegan) Wherefore, so that; because, since, seeing that, in that. (Cunliffe) [rel. adv., conj.] wherefore, because of which, for the reason that; as prep., because of. (Beekes) 97 aor. act. inf. of μανθάνω, to learn. (Liddell and Scott) To understand, to endeavor to know, inquire concerning. (Donnegan) To have learned, to know. (Cunliffe) To learn, to get to know, to experience. (Beekes) 98 2nd sing. pres. mid./pass. ind. of δέω, to miss, lack, be in need of, in Mid., to ask. (Beekes) 99 neut. sing. of ὅδε nd sing. pres. act. ind. of ἔχω, to have or to hold; bear, carry, or bring. (Liddell and Scott) To hold in the hand or hands, the arms, the claws, etc.; to have or keep hold of, to hold; to maintain, keep, or cause to be in a specified position or condition; to hold up, or to support; to hold apart; to hold, occupy, or inhabit; to hold in possession, have or keep possession of; keep, retain, have; to detain or keep with one in hospitality; to compell to a course of action; to enfold or surround; to cover, reign over, or envelop; to guard, or to keep safe, etc. (Cunliffe) 101 aor. act. inf. of διδάσκω. 102 Adv., to which place, whither; Lat., quo st pl. perf. act. ind. of καθίστημι, to set down or to place down. (Liddell and Scott)

18 P a g e 17 Oedipus Now sit down and keep watch over the blind man. Antigone On account of time, I don t need you to ask me to learn that. Oedipus You have to teach me where we have settled down.

19 P a g e 18 Ἀντιγόνην Τὰς 104 γοῦν 105 Ἀθήνας 106 οἶδα, 107 τὸν δὲ χῶρον οὔ. Οἰδίπους (25) Πᾶς 108 γάρ τις 109 ηὔδα 110 τοῦτό 111 γ ἡμὶν 112 ἐμπόρων. 113 Ἀντιγόνη Ἀλλ ὅστις 114 ὁ τόπος 115 ἦ 116 μάθω 117 μολοῦσά 118 ποι; Art., fem. acc. pl. of ὁ. 105 Partic., for γε οὖν, then; for; yet; at least. (Donnegan) 106 fem. acc. pl. of Ἀθῆναι, the city of Athens st sing. perf. act. ind. of οἶδα, to know. (Liddell and Scott) To see, Cf. Εἴδω, to see, and to know. (Donnegan) οἶδα perf. of εἴδω, to discern with the eye, catch sight of, see, perceive, behold; to look at, inspect, examine; to witness, see; to see to, to look to; to witness; to look on at; to find out, to discover, etc. (Cunliffe) To know; see, look, know. (Beekes) 108 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of πᾶς, whole, all, every. (Beekes) 109 Pron., masc. nom. sing. of τις rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of αὐδάω, to utter sounds, speak. (Liddell and Scott) To say, speak, or utter. (Cunliffe) 111 Adj., neut. sing. of οὗτος, this or that. 112 Pron., 1st masc. dat. pl. of ἐγώ. 113 Adj., masc. gen. pl. of ἔμπορος, one who goes on shipboard as a passenger; Lat., vector. (Liddell and Scott) A passenger on board a foreign ship; a traveller either by land or sea. (Donnegan) One who travels on a ship, a passenger; a traveler in general, usually a merchant. (Beekes) 114 Pron., masc. nom. sing. of ὅστις, whoever, or whosoever, whatever (Donnegan) Who, which, with an indefinite force; whoever (whatever) he (it) may be. (Cunliffe) 115 masc. nom. sing. of τόπος, place, region. (Liddell and Scott) A space, a site; a tract of country, or region; a passage in a book; a public place; place or stead. (Donnegan) A place, region, space; subject of a speech, etc. (Beekes) 116 1st sing. aor. act. subj. of εἰμί st sing. aor. act. subj. of μανθάνω. 118 fem. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of βλώσκω, to come or to go. (Liddell and Scott) To go; of a period of time, to pass away; to come. (Cunliffe) 119 Interrog., where? wither? (Donnegan)

20 P a g e 19 Antigone I know Athens at least, but not this land. Oedipus Because every traveler who has spoken to us has said this? Antigone But wherever the place I am, should I go and ask about where I am?

21 P a g e 20 Οἰδίπους Ναί, 120 τέκνον, εἴπερ 121 ἐστί 122 γ ἐξοικήσιμος. 123 Ἀντιγόνη Ἀλλ ἐστὶ μὴν οἰκητός, 124 οἴομαι 125 δὲ δεῖν 126 οὐδέν, 127 πέλας 128 γὰρ ἄνδρα 129 τόνδε 130 νῷν 131 ὁρῶ. 132 Οἰδίπους (30) Ἦ δεῦρο 133 προσστείχοντα 134 κἀξορμώμενον; Adv., yes, truly, assuredly. (Donnegan) 121 Conj., if really, if indeed. (Liddell and Scott) If, however, although, even though. (Donnegan) 122 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of εἰμί. 123 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἐξοικήσιμος, habitable, inhabited. (Liddell and Scott) 124 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of οἰκητός, inhabited. (Liddell and Scott) 125 1st sing. pres. mid./pass. ind. of οἴομαι, to suppose, think, deem, imagine. (Liddell and Scott) To surmise, to suspect, to conjecture, or to expect. (Donnegan) To think, deem, fancy, imagine, suspect, expect. (Cunliffe) 126 pres. act. inf. of δεῖ. 127 Adj., neut. sing. of οὐδείς, and not one, i. e. no one, none; Lat., nullus. 128 Adv., near. 129 masc. acc. sing. of ἀνήρ. 130 Pron., masc. acc. sing. of ὅδε. 131 Pron., 1st masc./fem. dat. dual of νώ, we two, both of us. (Beekes) 132 1st sing. pres. act. ind. of ὁράω, to see. 133 Adv., of Place, hither; Lat., huc. Adv. of place, and of time, here, hither; of time, until this time, until now. (Donnegan) (To) here. (Beekes) 134 masc. acc. sing. pres. act. part. of στείχω, to walk, march, go or come; to go to, approach. (Liddell and Scott) Properly, to go in a row, or one after another; but generally, to march, to go, or to travel. (Donnegan) To go, take or make one s way, proceed. (Cunliffe) To march (in), rise, draw, go. (Beekes) 135 masc. acc. sing. pres. mid. pass. part. of ἐξορμάω, to send forth, send to war; to excite to action, urge on; to set out, start. (Liddell and Scott) To instigate, to encourage, or to cause. (Donnegan) Of a ship, to steer off from her course. (Cunliffe)

22 P a g e 21 Oedipus Yes child, if it is indeed inhabited. Antigone But it is indeed inhabited, but I don t think it will be necessary, For I see a man near the both of us. Oedipus Really, starting off walking hither?

23 P a g e 22 Ἀντιγόνη Καὶ δὴ μὲν οὖν παρόντα, 136 χὤ τί 137 σοι 138 λέγειν 139 εὔκαιρόν 140 ἐστιν, 141 ἔννεφ, 142 ὡς ἀνὴρ ὅδε. Οἰδίπους Ὦ ξεῖν, 143 ἀκούων 144 τῆσδε 145 τῆς ὑπέρ 146 τ ἐμοῦ αὑτῆς θ 147 ὁρώσης, 148 οὕνεχ ἡμὶν αἴσιος 149 (35) σκοπὸς 150 προσήκεις 151 ὧν 152 ἀδηλοῦμεν 153 φράσαι masc. acc. sing. pres. act. part. of πάρειμι, to be by or present. (Liddell and Scott) 137 Pron. neut. sing. of τις. 138 Pron., 2nd dat. sing. of σύ. 139 pres. act. inf. of λέγω, to say something, i. e. to speak to the point or purpose. (Liddell and Scott) 140 Adj., neut. sing. of εὔκαιρος, well-timed, in season, seasonable. (Liddell and Scott) Performed, or performing at a fitting time; opportune, timely; in a convenient situation. (Donnegan) 141 3rfd sing. pres. act. ind. of εἰμί nd sing. pres. act. imper. of ἐνέπω, to tell, tell of, relate, describe; or to simply speak. (Liddell and Scott) 143 masc. voc. sing. of ξένος. 144 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of ἀκούω. 145 Pron., fem. gen. sing. of ὅδε. 146 Prep. + gen., for the sake of a person or thing. (Liddell and Scott) 147 Prep. (τε), a particle which has attracted considerable attention. Wentzel and Christ have analysed the Homeric use, Schäfer has taken Antiphon, Schmidt the remaining orators, Hoefer Plato, and Hammer Herodotus, Thucydides, and Xenophon. The dissertations of Schmidt and Hammer are models of thoroughness and care arrangement, while Hoefer s work, though inferior to these, is of considerable value. Only a detailed study of the particle in lyric poets and dramatists is lacking. While these special studies have shed much light on τε (even though many details remain obscure), the problem of bridging the gulf between the two main branches of its usage (I and II) remianed unsolved, and, as often, comparative philology offers little help...we are driven, then, to abandon philology and fall back on usage an examination of the uses of τε shows that (I) its commonest significance is combination or addition, and that it denotes, on the whole, a closer connexion than καί. On the other hand (II), as Wentzel and Monro have shown, in certain usages (for the most part Homeric) it appears to express habituation, denoting something which happens constantly or characteristically. (Denniston: 495-7) 148 fem. gen. sing. pres. act. part. of ὁράω. 149 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of αἴσιος, auspicious, opportune. (Liddell and Scott) Properly of omens taken from birds; happy, favorable. (Donnegan) Showing moderation, gentle, courteous; or of good omen. (Cunliffe) To take as a good omen; from αἶσα, share, destiny, decree. (Beekes) 150 masc. nom. sing. of σκοπός, the object on which one fixes the eye, a mark; Lat., scopus nd sing. pres. act. ind. of προσήκω, to have arrived at a place, to have come, be near at hand, be present. (Liddell and Scott) To come to, to approach; to belong to; to pertain to, or to concern. 152 Pron., masc. gen. pl. of ὅς. 153 pres. act. inf. of ἀδηλόω, to render invisible, dark, or uncertain; unknown, or render impossible to be recognized; to not know. (Donnegan) 154 aor. act. inf. of φράζω, to point out, to show, or to indicate. (Liddell and Scott) To indicate, point out, explain, or tell; to say, express, relate, or announce; to order, dictate, or enjoin; to insinuate, counsel, or advise; to revolve in the mind, consider, reflect, or meditate on; to form a resolution, hence to project, invent, plan, or machinate. (Donnegan) To point out, indicate, or show (something in sight).

24 P a g e 23 Antigone Yes indeed, in fact he is right here, say to him Say what is appropriate, so this man talks to you. Oedipus O stranger, for my sake listen to this woman, For she is my eyes, wherefore your coming Is an auspicious sight for pointing out to us the unknown. In refence to something not in sight, to indicate as an object or goal, etc. To make known, communicate, tell of; to set forth or utter (discourse), to instruct, or to direct. To remark, note, or observe, etc. (Cunliffe)

25 P a g e 24 Ξένος Πρὶν 155 νῦν τὰ πλείον 156 ἱστορεῖν, ἐκ τῆσδ 157 ἕδρας 158 ἔξελθ, 159 ἔχεις 160 γὰρ χῶρον 161 οὐχ ἁγνὸν 162 πατεῖν. 163 Οἰδίπους Τίς δ ἔσθ 164 ὁ χῶρος; Τοῦ Θεῶν 165 νομίζεται; Adv., before, until. (Liddell and Scott) previously, formerly, first, beforehand, until. (Donnegan) Before, heretofore, in time past, formerly. (Cunliffe) 156 neut. pl. of πλείων, more. 157 Pron., fem. gen. sing. of ὅδε. 158 fem. gen. sing. of ἕδρα, a sitting place. (Liddell and Scott) A seat, throne, or chair. (Donnegan) Seat, abode (of the Gods), a temple. (Beekes) 159 2nd sing. aor. act. imper. of ἐξέρχομαι, to go or come out of. (Liddell and Scott) To o out, to go forth; from, forward, away. (Donnegan) To go or issue forth or out; to go or issue forth from; to come or issue forth or out. (Cunliffe) 160 2nd sing. pres. act. ind. of ἔχω. 161 masc. acc. sing. of χῶρος. 162 Adj., neut. sing. of ἁγνός, pure, chaste, holy. (Liddell and Scott) Sacred to the Gods, holy, as a festival; not to be approached by the profane; pure and unsullied, undefiled, pure, in a physical and moral sense; chaste, virginal; morally good, or irreproachable. (Donnegan) Of Goddesses, holy, pure; dedicated to a God, hallowed. (Cunliffe) (Ritually) pure, holy. (Beekes) 163 pres. act. inf. πατέω, to tread, walk. (Liddell and Scott) To tread, trample, tread under foot, to crush by trampling, as grapes; metaph., to trample upon, to insult, to treat contumeliously, to spurn, violate, an oath. (Donnegan) To trample under foot. (Cunliffe) To step, tread, enter, tread underfoot; to despise. (Beekes) 164 3rd sing. press. act. ind. of εἰμί. 165 masc. gen. pl. of Θεός, a God rd sing. pres. mid./pass. ind. of νομίζω, to hold or own as a custom or usage, to use customarily, practice; to own, acknowledge, consider as. (Liddell and Scott) To establish by law, or usage; to recognize by rites, usage, to recognize, or acknowledge; to duly observe, or follow a custom. (Donnegan)

26 P a g e 25 Stranger Before asking more, move from that seat, For it is unholy to tread the ground you hold. Oedipus And what is this place? Which Gods know about it?

27 P a g e 26 Ξένος Ἄθικτος 167 οὐδ οἰκητός, 168 αἱ γὰρ ἔμφοβοι 169 (40) Θεαί 170 σφ 171 ἔχουσι, 172 Γῆς 173 τε καὶ Σκότου 174 κόραι. 175 Οἰδίπους Τίνων 176 τὸ σεμνὸν 177 ὄνομ 178 ἂν εὐξαίμην 179 κλύων; Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἄθικτος, untouched. (Liddell and Scott) In a state of virginity, unmarried; untried; uninjured; not to be touched, or approached; sacred; free from, innocent of. (Donnegan) 168 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of οἰκητός. 169 Adj., masc. nom. pl. ἐμφοβέω, terrible; Lat., formidolosus. (Liddell and Scott) Terrified; terrific. (Donnegan) 170 fem. nom. pl. of Θεά, a Goddess rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἕπομαι, to go with, attend, accompany, as a warrior his chief, a disciple his master; to follow in order to protect, agree with; to go with, accompany, keep pace with; press upon, pursue, verses; be connected with, attached to, or inseparable from. (Donnegan) 172 3rd pl. pres. act. ind. of ἔχω. 173 fem. gen. sing. of γῆ, the Earth. 174 masc. gen. sing. of σκότος, Darkness. 175 fem. nom. pl. of κόρη, a girl; a maiden, maid, damsel; Lat., puella; a bride, young wife; a daughter. (Liddell and Scott) 176 fem. gen. pl. of τίς. 177 Adj., neut. sing. of σεμνός, revered, august, holy. (Liddell and Scott) Venerable, honored, holy, noble; also, haughty, or proud. (Beekes) 178 neut. sing. of ὄνομα, a name; Lat., nomen. (Liddell and Scott) 179 1st sing. aor. mid. opt. of εὔχομαι, to pray, offer prayers, pay one's vows, make a vow; Lat., precari, vota facere, Θεῶι or Θεοῖς. (Liddell and Scott) To pray, beseech, or supplicate. (Donnegan) To avouch or declare oneself, claim, to be, etc.; to boast, or to vaunt; to exult, or to triumph; to pray; to give glory, or to make thanks giving; to vow. (Cunliffe) To proclaim, or to boast; to promise solemnly; to pray. (Beekes) 180 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of κλύω, to hear. (Liddell and Scott) κλύον, to hear; to learn by hearing; to listen, hearken, give ear; to listen in the sense of yielding or obeying; of a divine power, to lend favorable ear to one s prayer. (Cunliffe) To hear, to understand, or to obey. (Beekes)

28 P a g e 27 Stranger Sacred and uninhabited, for it is attended By terrible Goddess, daughters of both Earth and Night. Oedipus What is the venerable name would I hearken to when I am praying?

29 P a g e 28 Ξένος Τὰς 181 πάνθ 182 ὁρώσας 183 Εὐμενίδας 184 ὅ γ ἐνθάδ 185 ἂν εἴποι 186 λεώς 187 νιν, 188 ἄλλα 189 δ ἀλλαχοῦ 190 καλά. 191 Οἰδίπους Ἀλλ ἵλεῳ 192 μὲν τὸν ἱκέτην 193 δεξαίατο, 194 (45) ὡς 195 οὐχ ἕδρας 196 γῆς τῆσδ 197 ἂν ἐξέλθοιμ 198 ἔτι Art., fem. acc. pl. of ὁ. 182 Adv. (πάντῃ), every way, on every side; in every way, by all means, altogether, entirely. (Liddell and Scott) Everywhere, on all sides; wholly, entirely, completely. (Donnegan) In all directions, every way; on every side, all about, all round. (Cunliffe) 183 fem. acc. pl. of ὁράω, 184 fem. acc. pl. of Εὐμενίδες, Eumenides, the gracious Goddesses, euphem., name of the Ἐρινύες or Furies. (Liddell and Scott) 185 Adv. (ἐνθάδε), hither, or thither rd sing. aor. act. opt. of εἶπον, to speak or to say, to name, or to mention. (Liddell and Scott) 187 masc. nom. sing. of λαός, men. (Liddell and Scott) The people. (Donnegan) The folk or people of a king or chief; a band or following, followers, folk; in pl., one s men or people, one s servants; the general body of the comunity, the people in general. (Cunliffe) The common folk, crowd; the military; a tribe. (Beekes) 188 Pron., enclit., 3rd fem. acc. sing., like epic and ionic μιν, for αὐτόν, αὐτήν, him, her. (Liddell and Scott) 189 Adj., neut. pl. of ἄλλος, other, another. 190 Adv., elsewhere. (Liddell and Scott) Elsewhere, somewhere else. (Donnegan) 191 adj., neut. pl. of καλός, beautiful, of outward form, freq. of persons. (Liddell and Scott) Beautiful, pleasing, agreeable, well, good; in general, excellent, useful; morally good, virtuous, honorable. (Donnegan) In reference to personal beauty; of a God or a man, wellfavored, shapely, goodly. (Cunliffe) Beautiful, noble, good. (Beekes) 192 Adj., masc. dat. sing. of ἴλαος, of Gods, propitious, gracious; of men, gracious, kindly, gentle. (Liddell and Scott) Mild, gentle, benevolent; placable, gracious, as a Divinity. (Donnegan) 193 masc. acc. sing. of ἱκέτης, one who comes to seek protection, a suppliant or fugitive, who lays his ἱκετηρία on the altar or hearth, after which his person was inviolable; esp. one who seeks purification after homicide. (Liddell and Scott) 194 3rd pl. aor. mid. opt. of δέχομαι, of things as the object, to take, accept, receive what is offered; Lat., accipere. To receive or take something offered, given, handed over, etc., to accept. To receive and undertake the charge of (a person); of a God, to accept (a sacrifice). (Cunliffe) 195 Adv., conj., as so far as; also temporal, when; casual, because; final, therewith. (Beekes) 196 fem. gen. sing. of ἕδρα. 197 Pron., fem. gen. sing. of ὅδε st sing. aor. act. part. of ἐξέρχομαι, to go or come out of. (Liddell and Scott) To go out, to go forth. (Donnegan) To come or issue forth or out. (Cunliffe) 199 Adv., yet, still.

30 P a g e 29 Stranger Hither men might call them the All-Seeing Eumenides, But elsewhere, other beautiful things. Oedipus Alas they might kindly receive their suppliant, Because I can t as yet depart from my seat on this ground.

31 P a g e 30 Ξένος Τί δ ἐστὶ τοῦτο; Οἰδίπους Ξυμφορᾶς 200 ξύνθημ 201 ἐμῆς. 202 Ξένος Ἀλλ οὐδ ἐμοί τοι τοὐξανιστάναι 203 πόλεως 204 δίχ 205 ἐστὶ θάρσος, 206 πρίν 207 γ ἂν ἐνδείξω 208 τί δρῶ fem. gen. sing. of συμφορά, a mishap, mischance, misfortune. (Liddell and Scott) 201 neut. sing. of σύνθημα, anything agreed upon, a preconcerted signal; a watchword; any token or sign; an agreement, a covenant. (Liddell and Scott) a sing, or word, agreed upon between persons; a signal; a token. (Donnegan) 202 Adj., fem. gen. sing. of ἐμός, mine; Lat., meus. 203 pres. act. inf. of ἐξανίστημι, to raise up: to make one rise from his seat, bid one rise from suppliant posture. (Liddell and Scott) To cause to arise, from the dead; to rouse to action; to cause to go away from; to drive out; or away from; to banish; to expel from. (Donnegan) 204 fem. gen. sing. of πόλις. 205 fem. nom. pl. of δίκη, right as dependent on custom, law, right; justice. (Liddell and Scott) Established custom, usage, having the force of law, way, manner, practice, habit; hence privilege, lot, right. (Donnegan) In pl., rules of right, principles. (Cunliffe) 206 neut. sing. of θάρσος, courage, boldness. (Liddell and Scott) 207 Adv., before, until st sing. aor. act. subj. of ἐνδείκνυμι, to mark, point out; Lat., indicare. (Liddell and Scott) to indicate, to show; to manifest; to give an indication, mark, or proof of; to prove, or demonstrate; to accuse, prosecute, or inform against. (Donnegan) 209 2nd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of δράω, to do, esp. to do some great thing, good or bad; Lat., facinus. (Liddell and Scott)

32 P a g e 31 Stranger And what is this? Oedipus A watchword for my misfortunes. Stranger It is however against the customs of the city to banish you Before I point out what you are in fact doing.

33 P a g e 32 Οἰδίπους Πρός νυν Θεῶν, ὦ ξεῖνε, 210 μή μ ἀτιμάσῃς, 211 (50) τοιόνδ 212 ἀλήτην, 213 ὧν 214 σε προστρέπω 215 φράσαι. 216 Ξένος Σήμαινε, 217 κοὐκ 218 ἄτιμος 219 ἔκ γ ἐμοῦ φανεῖ. 220 Οἰδίπους Τίς ἔσθ 221 ὁ χῶρος δῆτ, 222 ἐν ᾧ 223 βεβήκαμεν; masc. voc. sing. of ξένος nd sing. aor. act. subj. of ἀτιμάζω, to hold in no honor, to esteem lightly, to dishonor, or to slight. (Liddell and Scott) To despise, deem unworthy, as a person of anything; to treat with disrespect, to slight, to disgrace, neglect, or spurn. (Donnegan) Cf., ἀτιμάω, to treat with dishonor or no regard, to hold in contempt, to show no respect or regard for, to slight. (Cunliffe) 212 Pron., masc. acc. sing. of τοιόσδε, such as this. (Liddel and Scott) Same significance as τοιοῦτος. (Donnegan) Cf. τοῖος, such, such as; der., τοιοῦτος, τοιόσδε, built on οὗτος, ὅδε. (Beekes) 213 masc. acc. sing. of ἀλήτης, a wanderer, stroller, rover, vagabond, of beggars, of exiles. (Liddell and Scott) A wanderer, a vagrant, an indigent wanderer, a beggar. (Donnegan) 214 Pron., neut. gen. pl. of ὅς st sing. pres. act. ind. of προστρέπω, to turn towards a God, to approach with prayer, supplicate; to entreat one to do. (Liddell and Scott) To turn to, advance towards; to turn towards, with prayers and supplications, to supplicate, to conjure earnestly. (Donnegan) 216 2nd sing. aor. mid. ind. of φράζω, to point out, shew, indicate; in Mid. and Pass. to indicate to oneself, i. e. to think or muse upon, consider, ponder, debate. (Liddell and Scott) To indicate, point out, explain, or tell; To say, or express, to relate, or to announce; to order, to dictate, or to enjoin; to insinuate, to counsel, or to advise. (Donnegan) 217 2nd sing. pres. act. imper. of σημαίνω, to shew by a sign, indicate, make known, point out; to signify, indicate, announce, declare. (Liddell and Scott) 218 Adv. (οὐ), not however, not at all however, nevertheless, notwithstanding, yet, still. (Liddell and Scott) 219 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἄτιμος, unhonored, dishonored. (Liddell and Scott) 220 2nd sing. fut. mid. ind. of φαίνω, to bring to light, make to appear rd sing. pres. act. ind. of εἰμί. 222 Adv. (δῆτα), in questions, mostly to mark an inference or consequence, τί δῆτα; what then? 223 Pron., masc. dat. sing. of 224 1st pl. perf. act. ind. of βαίνω, to walk, or to step. (Liddell and Scott) To come to. (Donnegan)

34 P a g e 33 Oedipus Now for Gods sake, O stranger, do not disrespect me, A wanderer such as this, show me these things I beg you. Stranger Declare yourself and you will be shown no disrespect by me. Oedipus Into what land have we come?

35 P a g e 34 Ξένος Ὅσ 225 οἶδα 226 κἀγὼ 227 πάντ 228 ἐπιστήσει 229 κλύων. 230 Χῶρος μὲν ἱερὸς πᾶς ὅδ ἔστ, ἔχει δέ νιν 231 (55) σεμνὸς 232 Ποσειδῶν, 233 ἐν δ ὁ πυρφόρος 234 Θεὸς 235 Τιτὰν 236 Προμηθεύς, 237 ὃν δ ἐπιστείβεις 238 τόπον, 239 χθονὸς 240 καλεῖται 241 τῆσδε 242 χαλκόπους 243 ὀδός, 244 ἔρεισμ 245 Ἀθηνῶν. 246 Οἱ δὲ πλησίοι 247 γύαι Adj., neut. pl. of ὅσος, Lat., quantus, of Size, as great as, how great; of Quantity, as much as, how much; of Space, as far as, how far; of Time, as long as, how long; of Number, as many as, how many; of Sound, as loud as, how loud; in pl. as many as; Lat., quot. (Liddell and Scott) 226 1st sing. perf. act. ind. of οἶδα. 227 Pron., masc. nom. sing. of ἐγώ. 228 Adv. (πάντῃ), everywhere, on all sides; wholly, entirely, completely. (Donnegan) 229 2nd sing. fut. mid. ind. of ἐπίσταμαι, to know how to do, to be able to do, capable of doing; to be assured or believe that a thing is; to understand a matter, know, be versed in or acquainted with; to know as a fact, know for certain, know well. (Liddell and Scott) 230 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of κλύω, to hear. 231 Pron., 3rd masc. acc. sing. of νιν. 232 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of σεμνός, august, holy, revered, originally applied to the Gods 233 masc. nom. sing. of Ποσειδῶν, Poseidon. 234 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of πύρφορος, fire-bearing. 235 masc. nom. sing. of Θεός, a God. 236 masc. nom. sing. of Τιτάν, the Titans, a race of Gods placed beneath Tartarus. (Liddell and Scott) 237 masc. nom. sing. of Προμηθεύς, Prometheus nd sing. pres. act. ind. of ἐπιστείβω, to tread upon, stand upon a place. (Liddell and Scott) To set foot, or to step upon. (Donnegan) 239 masc. acc. sing. of τόπος, a place; Lat., locus. (Liddell and Scott) 240 fem. gen. sing. of χθών, earth, or ground rd sing. pres. mid./pass. ind. of καλέω, to call. To call upon, invoke, invite, call by name. (Donnegan) To call by such and such a name, to name. (Cunliffe) 242 Pron., fem. gen. sing. of ὅδε. 243 masc. nom. sing. of χαλκόπους, with feet of bronze. Adj., brazen-footed, epith. of horses, viz., having hoofs like brass. (Donnegan) With feet of bronze, untiring. (Cunliffe) 244 masc. nom. sing. of οὐδός, the threshold. a threshold, a block or row of blocks standing more or less above the surrounding level and forming the lower part of a doorway or gateway, in the case of the μέγαρον raised considerably and of considerable width, and so affording room for sitting or standing. (Cunliffe) 245 neut. sing. of ἔρεισμα, a prop, stay, support, Lat. columen. Properly speaking, the thing fixed; a stay, a prop; metaph, a pillar, or a support. (Donnegan) 246 fem. gen. sing. of Ἀθῆναι. 247 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of πλήσιος, near, close to; neighboring. (Liddell and Scott) 248 masc. nom. pl. of γύης, a piece of land; Lat., iuger; in pl. lands, fields. (Liddell and Scott) The piece of wood in which a ploughshare is fixed. (Donnegan) The curved piece of wood in a plough; in pl. lands. (Beekes)

36 P a g e 35 Stranger Hearing everything, as much as I know you shall know. All of this ground is sacred, And it is held by the awesome Poseidon, And inside is the fire-bearing God Titan Prometheus, And you are standing on his spot. This ground is call the Threshold with the Feet of Bronze, A pillar of Athens.

37 P a g e 36 τόνδ 249 ἱππότην 250 Κολωνὸν 251 εὔχονται 252 σφίσιν 253 (60) ἀρχηγὸν 254 εἶναι. 255 Καὶ φέρουσι 256 τοὔνομα 257 τὸ τοῦδε 258 κοινὸν 259 πάντες 260 ὠνομασμένοι. 261 Τοιαῦτά 262 σοι 263 ταῦτ 264 ἐστίν, 265 ὦ ξέν, 266 οὐ λόγοις 267 τιμώμεν, 268 ἀλλὰ τῇ 269 ξυνουσίᾳ 270 πλέον Pron., masc. acc. sing. of ὅδε. 250 masc. acc. sing. of ἱππότης, a driver or rider of horses, a horseman, knight; Lat., eques. (Liddell and Scott) 251 masc. acc. sing. of Κολωνός, Colonus, a deme of Attica lying on a hill, about a mile NW. of Athens, immortalized by Sophocles, who was a native of it. (Liddell and Scott) Called after an ancient hero, famous for its temple of Neptune, and tomb of Oedipus. (Donnegan) 252 3rd pl. pres. mid./pass. ind. of εὔχομαι, to pray, offer prayers, pay one's vows, make a vow; Lat., precari; to vow or promise to do; to profess or declare. (Liddell and Scott) To avouch or declare oneself, to claim to be; to boast, or vaunt; to exult or triumph; to pray; to give glory, make thanksgiving. (Cunliffe) 253 Pron., 3rd masc. dat. pl. of σφεῖς, they. 254 Adj., neut. sing. of ἀρχηγός, beginning, originating a thing; a first cause, originator. (Liddell and Scott) A chief, or commander; an author, founder, or inventor. (Donnegan) 255 pres. act. inf. of εἰμί rd pl. pres. act. ind. of φέρω. 257 neut. sing. of ὄνομα. 258 Pron., masc. gen. sing. of ὅδε. 259 Adj., neut. sing. of κοινός, common, shared in common, opp. to ἴδιος. (Liddell and Scott) Common, mutual; common to all, alike, public, as laws; partaking the same sentiments, unanimous. (Donnegan) 260 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of πᾶς. 261 masc. nom. pl. perf. mid./pass. part. of ὀνομάζω, to name or speak of by name, call or address by name. (Liddell and Scott) To name, or specify, and so, promise; to name as, to appoint; to call after, or to confer a name on, viz., to render famous; to name, viz. to mention; in Pass., to be called, or to have a certain name. (Donnegan) 262 Adj., neut. pl. of τοιοῦτος, such as this; in narrative, τοιαῦτα properly refers to what goes before; as Adv., (τοιαῦτα) in such wise. (Liddell and Scott) From τοι (encl. partic.) indeed, truly, etc. and οὗτος, this, this one, that one, iste. (Beekes) 263 Pron., 2nd dat. sing. of σύ. 264 Adj., neut. pl. of οὗτος rd sing. pres. act. ind. of εἰμί. 266 masc. voc. sing. of ξένος. 267 masc. dat. pl. of λόγος, a saying, a tale, or a story. 268 neut. pl. pres. mid./pass. part. of τιμάω, to be honored, held in honor; to be revered. 269 Art., fem. dat. sing. of ὁ. 270 fem. dat. sing. of συνουσία, a being with, social intercourse, society, conversation, communion; communion with the divinity. (Liddell and Scott) 271 Adv., more, rather.

38 P a g e 37 And these fields are dedicated to the equestrian Colonus, He being their founder. And all men having this in common, Are called by his name. These things are to be revered by you, O stranger, Not on account of stories, but because of their association with the divine.

39 P a g e 38 Οἰδίπους Ἦ 272 γάρ τινες 273 ναίουσι 274 τούσδε 275 τοὺς τόπους; 276 Ξένος (65) Καὶ κάρτα, 277 τοῦδε 278 τοῦ Θεοῦ 279 γ ἐπώνυμοι. 280 Οἰδίπους Ἄρχει 281 τις αὐτῶν 282 ἢ 'πὶ τῷ πλήθει 283 λόγος; Interrog., Lat., num? 273 Pron. masc. nom. pl. of τις rd pl. pres. act. ind. of ναίω, of persons, to dwell, abide. 275 masc. acc. pl. of ὅδε. 276 masc. acc. pl. of τόπος. 277 Adv., used to increase the force of a previous statement, really and truly, most certainly. (Liddell and Scott) 278 Pron., masc. gen. sing. of ὅδε. 279 masc. gen. sing. of Θεός. 280 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of ἐπώνυμος, given as a name; giving one's name to a thing or person. (Liddell and Scott) 281 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of ἄρχω, of Authority, to lead, rule, govern; at Athens, to be archon. (Liddell and Scott) 282 Adj., masc. gen. pl. of αὐτός. 283 neut. dat. sing. of πλῆθος, a great number, a throng, crowd, multitude. (Liddell and Scott) 284 masc. nom. sing. of λόγος, the word or that by which the inward thought is expressed; Lat., oratio. (Liddell and Scott)

40 P a g e 39 Oedipus Are there some people living in these areas? Stranger Most certainly, indeed are given the name of this God. Oedipus Is someone ruling over the multitude, or does oration rule over the same?

41 P a g e 40 Ξένος Ἐκ τοῦ κατ 285 ἄστυ 286 βασιλέως 287 τάδ 288 ἄρχεται. 289 Οἰδίπους Οὗτος δὲ τίς λόγῳ 290 τε καὶ σθένει 291 κρατεῖ; 292 Ξένος Θησεὺς 293 καλεῖται, 294 τοῦ πρὶν Αἰγέως 295 τόκος Prep. (κατά) + gen., down. 286 neut. sing. of ἄστυ, a town, or a city. (Liddell and Scott) 287 masc. nom. sing. of βασιλεύς, a king. 288 Pron., neut. sing. of ὅδε rd sing. pres. mid./pass. ind. of ἄρχω. 290 masc. dat. sing. of λόγος. 291 neut. dat. sing. of σθένος, strength rd sing. pres. act. ind. of κρατέω, to be strong, mighty, powerful. (Liddell and Scott) 293 masc. nom. sing. of Θησεύς, Theseus rd sing. pres. mid./pass. ind. of καλέω. 295 masc. gen. sing. of Αἰγεύς, Aegeus 296 masc. nom. sing. of τόκος, the offspring, young, a child, son. (Liddell and Scott)

42 P a g e 41 Stranger A king down in the town rules things around here. Oedipus And who is this man who rules by both might and commands? Stranger He is called Theseus son of Aegeus, who was before him.

43 P a g e 42 Οἰδίπους (70) Ἆρ ἄν τις αὐτῷ πομπὸς 297 ἐξ ὑμῶν μόλοι; 298 Ξένος Ὡς πρὸς τί λέξων 299 ἢ καταρτύσων 300 μολεῖν; 301 Οἰδίπους Ὡς ἂν προσαρκῶν 302 σμικρὰ 303 κερδάνῃ 304 μέγα. 305 Ξένος Καὶ τίς πρὸς ἀνδρὸς 306 μὴ βλέποντος 307 ἄρκεσις; masc. nom. sing. of πομπός, a messenger, one who is sent for a person or thing. (Liddell and Scott) 298 3rd sing. aor. act. opt. of βλώσκω, to come or to go. 299 masc. nom. sing. fut. act. sing. of λέγω. 300 masc. nom. sing. fut. act. part. of καταρτύω, to prepare. 301 Aor. act. inf. of βλώσκω. 302 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. sing. of προσαρκέω, to yield needful aid, succor, assist. 303 Adj., neut. pl. of μικρός, in point of size, small, little; in Amount or Importance, little, petty, trivial, slight; of Time, little, short. (Liddell and Scott) 304 3rd sing. aor. act. subj. of κερδαίνω, to gain, derive profit or advantage. 305 Adj., neut. sing. of μέγας. 306 masc. gen. sing. of ἀνήρ. 307 masc. gen. sing. pres. act. part. of βλέπω, to see. 308 fem. nom. sing. of ἄρκεσις, help.

44 P a g e 43 Oedipus Could someone be sent to him as a messenger for us? Stranger Why? For the purpose of speaking to him, or in preparation of his coming? Oedipus In order that by helping small things he might a big thing gain. Stranger And what help from a blind man comes?

45 P a g e 44 Οἰδίπους Ὅσ 309 ἂν λέγωμεν 310 πάνθ 311 ὁρῶντα 312 λέξομεν. 313 Ξένος (75) Οἶσθ, 314 ὦ ξέν, ὡς νῦν μὴ σφαλῇς, 315 ἐπείπερ 316 εἰ 317 γενναῖος, 318 ὡς ἰδόντι, 319 πλὴν 320 τοῦ δαίμονος, 321 αὐτοῦ 322 μέν οὗπερ 323 κἀφάνης, 324 ἕως 325 ἐγὼ τοῖς ἐνθάδ 326 αὐτοῦ μὴ 327 κατ ἄστυ δημόταις 328 λέξω 329 τάδ 330 ἐλθών, 331 οἵδε 332 γὰρ κρινοῦσί 333 σοι Adj., neut. pl. of ὅσος st pl. pres. act. subj. of λέγω. 311 Adv., in every way, by all means, altogether, entirely. (Liddell and Scott) 312 neut. pl. pres. act. part. of ὁράω, to see an object, look at, behold, perceive, observe. (Liddell and Scott) 313 1st pl. fut. act. ind. of λέγω. 314 Adj., neut. pl. of οἰστός, that must be borne, endurable nd sing aor. pass. subj. of σφάλλω, to make to fall, throw down, overthrow, properly by tripping up, to trip up in wrestling; in Pass., to be tripped up. 316 Conj., ἐπείπερ, seeing that nd sing. pres. act. ind. of εἶμι. 318 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of γενναῖος, of persons, high-born, noble by birth; Lat., generosus. 319 neut. dat. sing. aor. act. part. of εἶδον, to see, perceive, behold; to see mentally. (Liddell and Scott) 320 Prep. + gen., except, save. 321 masc. gen. sing. of δαίμων, a God or a Goddess; also deity or divine power; one's daemon or genius, one's lot or fortune; good or ill fortune. 322 Adv., at the very place, just here, just there; Lat., illico. (Liddell and Scott) 323 Adv., where nd sing. aor. pass. ind. of φαίνω. 325 Conj., until, till; Lat., donec, dum. (Liddell and Scott) 326 Adv. (ἐνθάδε), hither and thither. 327 Conj., not, μή is the negative of thought, as οὐ of statement, i. e. μή says that one thinks a thing is not, οὐ that it is not. (Liddell and Scott) 328 masc. dat. pl. of δημότης, one of the people, a commoner, plebeian; at Athens, one of the same deme. (Liddell and Scott) 329 1st sing. aor. act. subj. of λέγω. 330 Pron., neut. pl. of ὅδε. 331 masc. nom. sing. ao. act. part. of ἔρχομαι, to come or to go. 332 Pron., masc. nom. pl. of ὅδε rd pl. fut. act. ind. of κρίνω, to decide disputes. (Liddell and Scott) 334 Pron., 2nd dat. sing. of σύ.

46 P a g e 45 Oedipus In everything that I may say, as many visions there shall be. Stranger There are things that must be borne, O stranger, So that you should not be tripped up now, If you go true to your birth, Except for your lot in life, so it seems. Wait here at the very place where you appeared Until I go thither and tell the people of his deme not down there in the town For those men shall decide if it is necessary for you to stay,

47 P a g e 46 (80) εἰ χρή 335 σε μίμνειν 336 ἢ πορεύεσθαι 337 πάλιν. 338 Οἰδίπους Ὦ τέκνον, ἦ 339 βέβηκεν 340 ἡμὶν 341 ὁ ξένος; Ἀντιγόνη Βέβηκεν, 342 ὥστε πᾶν 343 ἐν ἡσύχῳ, 344 πάτερ, 345 ἔξεστι 346 φωνεῖν, 347 ὡς ἐμοῦ 348 μόνης 349 πέλας rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of χράω, to furnish what is needful. 336 pres. act. inf. of μίμνω, stay. 337 pres. mid./pass. inf. of πορεύω, to make to go, carry, convey; in Mid. and Pass., to be driven or carried. (Liddell and Scott) 338 Adv., of Place, back, backwards. (Liddell and Scott) 339 Interrog., num? 340 3rd sing. perf. act. ind. of βαίνω, to go, go away, depart. (Liddell and Scott) 341 1st masc. dat. pl. of ἐγώ rd sing. perf. act. ind. of βαίνω. 343 Adj., neut. sing. of πᾶς. 344 Adj., neut. dat. of ἥσυχος, still, quiet, at rest, at ease, at leisure. 345 masc. voc. sing. of πατήρ rd sing. pres. act. ind. of ἔξεστι, it is allowed, it is in one's power, is possible. 347 pres. act. inf. of φωνέω, properly of men, to speak loud or clearly, or simply to speak. 348 Pron., 1st fem. gen. sing. of ἐγώ. 349 Adj., fem. gen. sing. of μόνος, alone, left alone, forsaken solitary; Lat., solus. (Liddell and Scott) 350 Adv., near.