The Roles of Astrocyte in Nervous System Diseases

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1 BIOTECHNOLOGY BULLETIN The Roles of Astrocyte in Nervous System Diseases Wang Lei Faculty of Life Science and Technology Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming Abstract Activated astrocyte can produce and release neurotransmitters neurotrophic factors and cytokines which could involve in pathogenesis of nervous system diseases such as Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's disease epilepsy ischemia Astrocyte may have a protective effect or a toxic effect on neuron and then take part in the pathogenesis of nervous system diseases This review dealed with studies in recent years of the role of astrocyte in nervous system diseases and research prospects were proposed. Key words Astrocyte Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's disease Epilepsy Ischemia astrocyte AS β- amyloidβ-protein Aβ Aβ SP AD Aβ Aβ 1 Aβ 2 3 TNF-α 1-1 IL-1 IL-1 Alzheimer's disease AD senile plaque SP AD 3 Aβ Aβ NFTs 4 Aβ SP AD KKSA KKZ leiwang513@ gmail com

2 34 Biotechnology Bulletin Aβ AS BDNF Aβ SP NFTs PD NOS inos 12 I β- AD E Apo E MAO 13 Apo E Apo E AD Apo Eε4 MPTP MPP MPP + MPTP MPP + B MAOB GDNF BDNF ATP iptakalim AD Aβ PCR ELISA MPP + Aβ BDNF BDNF 14 Aβ 7 PD AD PD AD AD 3 AD epilepsy 2 Parkinson s disease PD paralysis agitans Na + /K + PD dopamine DA γ- γ-aminobutyric acid GA- Iewy BA PD DA PD 15 THPO GABA 8 9 GABA

3 GABA 16 GABA GABA NGF NGF IL-6 IL-6 IL bfgf γ- GA- GABA BA 5- bfgf 25 K + bfgf TGF-β GFAP heat shock protein HSP GFAP Fluorocitrate FC Apo E Apo E FC nmol 125 nl EEG nerve growth factor NGF interleukin IL gap junction 17 basic fibroblast growth factor bfgf β transforming growth factor β TGF-β brain-derived neurotrophic factor BDNF E apo E

4 36 Biotechnology Bulletin Wu X Chen PS Dallas S dopaminergic neurons. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol Heales SJ Lam AA Duncan AJ Yang YJ Zhang S Ding JH 1 Kato S Gondo T Hoshü Y et al. Confocal observation of senile relationship between senile plaques and astrocytes. Pathol Int Schubert P Ogata T Miyazaki H et al. Pathological immunoreactions of glial cells in Alzheimer s disease and possible sites of interference. J Neural Transm Suppl Schubert P Rudolphi K. Interfering with the pathologic activation of microglial cells and astocytes in dementia. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord Johnstone M Gearing AJ Miller KM et al. A central role for tokine and reactive oxygen species are producted. J Neuroimmunl Yuling S Shan W Guojun B et al. Glial fibrillary acidic proteinapolipoprotein E apoe transgenic mice astrocyte-specific expression and differing biological effects of astrocyte-secreted apoe3 and apoe4 lipoproteins J Neurosci Ning Z Gayathri R Karl HW. Apolipoprotein E4 domain interaction induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and impairs astrocyte function. J Biol Chem Kimura N Takahashi M Tashiro T et al. Amyloid beta up-regulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor production from astrocytes rescue from amyloid beta-related neuritic degeneration. J Neurosci Res Rothstein JD Dykes HM Pardo CA. Knockout of glutamate transporters reveals a majior role for astroglia transport in excitotoxicity and clearance of glutamate. Neuron Teismann P Schulz JB. Cellular pathology of Parkinson's disease astrocytes microglia and inflammation. Cell Tissue Res Chen PS S PengG Li G et al. Valproate protects dopaminergic neurons in midbrain neuron / glia cultures by stimulating the release of neurotrophic factors from astrocytes. Mol Psychiatry et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors upregulate astrocyte GDNF and BDNF gene transcription and protect MN9D et al. Neurodegeneration or neuroprotection the pivotal role of astrocytes. Neurochem Res et al. Iptakalim protects against MPP + -induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in association with astrocyte activation. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol Kimelberg HK Norenberg MD. Astrocytes. Scientific American Takahashi M Billups B Rossi D et al. The role of glutamate transporters in glutamate homeostasis in the brain. J Exp Biol Willoughby JO Mackenzie L Broberg M et al Fluorocitrate-mediated astroglial dysfunction causes seizures. Journal of Neuroscience Research Liu D Smith CL Barone FC et al. Astrocytic demise precedes delayed neuronal death in focal ischemic rat brain. Brain Res Mol Brain Res Horsburgh K Graham DI Stewart J et al. Influence of apolipoprotein E genotype on neuronal damage and apo E immunoreactivity in brian hippocampus folloeling global ischemia. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol Loddick SA Turnbull AV Rothwell NJ. Cerebral interleukin-6 is nearopretective during permanent focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab Archana T Peter JB Donna J et al. Astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor is an ischemia-inducible secreted endoplasmic reticulum stress response protein in the heart. Circ Res Chu LF Wang WT Ghanta VK et al. Ischemic brain cell-derived conditioned medium protects astrocytes against ischemia through GDNF /ERK /NF-kB signaling pathway. Brain Res Maeda Y Matsumoto M Hori O et al. Hypoxia / reoxygenation-mediated induction of astrocyte interleukin 6 a paracrine mechanism potentially enhancing neuron survival. J Exp Med

5 Shigetou N Shosuke K Setsuo I et al Detection and differentiation of plant-pathogenic mycoplasmalike organisms using polymerase chain reaction Phytopathology Schneider B Ahrens U Classification of plant-pathgenic mycoplasma-like organism using restriction-site analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rdna Journal of General Microbiology Kuske CR Kirkpatrick BC Davis MJ et al DNA hybridization between western aster yellows mycopolasma-like organism plasmids and extrachromosomal DNA from other plant pathogenic mycaplasma-like organism Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions International committee on systematic bacteriology subcommittee on the taxonomy of molecules Minutes of the interim meetings 1 and 2 August 1992 Ames Iowa International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology The IRPCM Phytoplasma /Spiroplasma Working Team-Phytoplasma taxonomy group Candidatus Phytoplasma a taxon for the wallless non-helical prokaryotes that colonize plant phloem and insects International Journal of Systematic and Evolutional Microbiology International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Mollicutes Minutes of the meeting 8 9 and 14 July 2006 Cambridge UK International Journal of Systematic and Evolutional Microbiology Zhao Y Davis RE Lee IM Phylogenetic positions of Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris and Spiroplasma kunkelii as inferred from multiple sets of concatenated core housekeeping proteins International Journal of Systematic and Evolutional Microbiology Lee I M Bottner KD Secor G et al Candidatus Phytoplasma americanum a phytoplasma associated with a potato purple top wilt disease complex International Journal of Systematic and Evolutional Microbiology 櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧櫧 J Pharmacol Ren JM Finklestein SP. Time windows of infarct reduction by intraveaous basic fibroblast growth factors in focal cerebral ischemia. Eur 26 Fuller JA Brun-Zinkernagel AM Wordinger RJ. PACE4 is involved in TGF-β2 maturation in porcine optic nerve astrocytes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci

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