Uranus, Cronus, Zeus: what do they have in common? which one of them created the universe? Did any Titans survive the Titanomachy?

Transcript

1 How did the world begin? How were the gods born? Uranus, Cronus, Zeus: what do they have in common? which one of them created the universe? Did any Titans survive the Titanomachy? How did all the cosmogony end where are we now?

2 Why are there people? What is man? What is woman?

3 Quid est homo? Umbræ somnium, si quæras, respondebit Pindarus. Quid est homo? Simulacrum quoddam, dicet Sophocles. Quid est homo? Ipsa calamitas, ut loquitur Herodotus. Quid est homo? Occasio miseriarum, ut Philemon loquitur. Quid est homo? Folium caducum, ut Homerus loquitur.

4 Theogony: ὁ ἔρως (love) Works and Days: ἡ ἔρις (strife) Hesiod Works and Days cruel, evil Ἔρις much better Ἔρις destructive competition constructive competition war work

5 She rouses even the resourceless person to work. For when one man who needs work looks at another man who is rich, who strives to plow, to plant, to keep his household in order, then it is that neighbor envies neighbor, as the rich man is striving for his wealth. This Eris is good for mortals. Potter envies potter, carpenter envies carpenter. Beggar envies beggar, singer envies singer. You, Perses, must place these things in your thūmos. Do not let the Eris who rejoices at others misfortunes keep your thūmos away from work, as you skulk about looking and listening for occasions of quarreling in the agorā.

6 Cronus Gold holy demons Olympians Silver blessed underground spirits Zeus Bronze dead Zeus Zeus Heroes Iron in blessed isles w/ Cronos forsaken, old age???

7 Better Worse Golden Silver Bronze Heroes Iron? Degeneration: history goes from golden age to worse Progression: history goes from savagery to civilization

8 ἡ Κλυμένη ὁ Ιαπετός Iapetus Clymene or ἡ Ἀσία Asia ὁ Προμηθεύς Prometheus ὁ Ἐπιμηθεύς Epimetheus also Menœtius of great renown and Atlas

9

10 Μηκώνη Mēcōnē

11

12

13 θυσία thusia σπονδή spondē burnt offering drink offering

14 ὁ Προμηθεύς Prometheus ὁ Ἐπιμηθεύς Epimetheus ἡ Πανδώρα Pandora

15 Theogony on Pandora Hephæstus makes body, Athena gives her clothes Hephæstus gives her a crown the sheer trick, from which men could not escape from her is the race of the femal sex, the ruinous tribes of women, a great affliction, who live with moratl men, helpmates not in ruinous poverty but in excessive wealth What happens to men who shun marriage?

16 ὣς οὐκ ἔστι Διὸς κλέψαι νόον οὐδὲ παρελθεῖν. So it is not possible to deceive the mind of Zeus nor to surpass it.

17 Works and Days on Pandora Hephæstus Flesh, Voice, Strength, Form Athena Knowledge (weaving) Aphrodite Grace, Love, Pain Hermes the mind of a bitch and the character of a thief

18

19

20 οὕτως οὔ τί πη ἔστι Διὸς νόον ἐξαλέασθαι. And so it is in no way possible to flee the mind of Zeus.

21 Atlas Prometheus

22 Prometheus Hellas Atlas

23

24 Æschylus Prometheus Bound

25 Κράτος Βία τε κράτος kratos = state authority cf. democracy, aristocracy βία bia = force (opposed to persuasion) cf. violence Hephæstus god of useful fire

26 Χο.) μή πού τι προύβης τῶνδε καὶ περαιτέρω; Πρ.) θνητούς γ ἔπαυσα μὴ προδέρκεσθαι μόρον. Χο.) τὸ ποῖον εὑρὼν τῆσδε φάρμακον νόσου; Πρ.) τυφλὰς ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐλπίδας κατῴκισα. Χο.) μέγ ὠφέλημα τοῦτ ἐδωρήσω βροτοῖς. Πρ.) πρὸς τοῖσδε μέντοι πῦρ ἐγώ σφιν ὤπασα. Χο.) καὶ νῦν φλογωπὸν πῦρ ἔχουσ ἐφήμεροι; Cho.) Did you somehow transgress even beyond this? Pr.) I stopped mortals from foreseeing their death. Cho.) What sort of drug did you find for this sickness? Pr.) I planted blind hopes in them. Cho.) You gave mortals a great benefit. Pr.) In addition to this, I gave them fire. Cho.) AND NOW DAY-LONG-CREATURES HAVE FIERY FIRE?

27 Chorus δόξει δὲ πῶς; τίς ἐλπίς; οὐχ ὁρᾷς ὅτι ἥμαρτες; ὡς δ ἥμαρτες οὔτ ἐμοὶ λέγειν καθ ἡδονὴν σοί τ ἄλγος. ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν μεθῶμεν, ἄθλου δ ἔκλυσιν ζήτει τινά. How will it seem [to Zeus a good idea to let you go?] What hope is there? Do you not see that you were wrong? It does not please me, and it pains you, to talk about how you were wrong. But let s let go of this: look for some way out of your struggle.

28 Oceanus ὁρῶ, Προμηθεῦ, καὶ παραινέσαι γέ σοι θέλω τὰ λῷστα, καίπερ ὄντι ποικίλῳ. γίγνωσκε σαυτὸν καὶ μεθάρμοσαι τρόπους νέους νέος γὰρ καὶ τύραννος ἐν θεοῖς. I see, Prometheus, and I want to encourage you to be better, even if you are tricky. Get to know yourself and fit in with the new ways: for the tyrant among the gods is also new. γνῶθι σαυτόν: know thyself

29 Prometheus and the Arts What s the only art Prometheus does not claim?

30

31 Karl Marx as Prometheus, 1843 Ayn Rand on Prometheus, 1938

32 ὁ Λυκάων Lycaon ὁ λύκος wolf Is Lycaon smarter than Zeus? Flood!

33 What are your mother s bones? Prometheus? Epimetheus Pandora ὁ Δευκαλίων Deucalion ἡ Πύρρα Pyrrha ὁ Ἕλλην Hellēn