ΤΗΛ412 Ανάλυση & Σχεδίαση (Σύνθεση) Τηλεπικοινωνιακών Διατάξεων. Διαλέξεις 8-9. Άγγελος Μπλέτσας ΗΜΜΥ Πολυτεχνείου Κρήτης, Φθινόπωρο 2014
|
|
- Πάνθηρας Εσδράς Λειβαδάς
- 7 χρόνια πριν
- Προβολές:
Transcript
1 ΤΗΛ412 Ανάλυση & Σχεδίαση (Σύνθεση) Τηλεπικοινωνιακών Διατάξεων Διαλέξεις 8-9 Άγγελος Μπλέτσας ΗΜΜΥ Πολυτεχνείου Κρήτης, Φθινόπωρο
2 Διαλέξεις 8-9 Κεραίες (Από την οπτική γωνία του µηχανικού!) Εξισώσεις Helmholtz & Maxwell (&vector calculus). Far Field Coupling. Antenna Characteristics: VSWR, RL, Efficiency, Gain, Bandwidth, HPBW, Polarization. Rough Estimation in High-Gain Antennas. Polarization Mismatch 2
3 Για την σηµερινή διάλεξη έχει χρησιµοποιηθεί υλικό κυρίως από το βιβλίο Kai Chang, RF and Microwave Wireless Systems, Wiley Series in Microwave and Optical Engineering, John Wiley & Sons,
4 Βασική ερώτηση µαθήµατος ή? 4
5 Κεραίες GHz 5
6 Ορισµός Ø Κεραία = διεπαφή (i.e. interface) µεταξύ κυµάτων/ σηµάτων. Ø Kεραία συντονισµός Ø Κεραία = µέγιστη ακτινοβολία. Ø Κυµατοδηγός = ελάχιστη ακτινοβολία. Ø Χαρακτηρισµός: γεωµετρία, κέρδος, λωβός, εύρος ζώνης. 6
7 Ισοτροπικός Ακτινοβολητής και Επίπεδα Κύµατα Ø Θεωρητικό (και µόνο) εργαλείο. Ø Μέτωπο κύµατος σφαιρικό. Ø Πυκνότητα ισχύος: Pt P d = 4πR 2 Ø Μεγάλο R => επίπεδο κύµα (όχι σφαιρικό) Ø Η/Μ πεδίο: Εξίσωση Κύµατος (Helmholtz). 7
8 Θυµάστε τις εξισώσεις του Maxwell? Div: Ροή διανυσµατικού πεδίου ανά µονάδα όγκου Curl: Κυκλοφορία διανυσµατικού πεδίου ανά µονάδα επιφάνειας 8
9 Basic E/M Units Ø charge density ρ (Coulomb/m 3 ), current density J (Ampere/m 2 ) Ø permittivity ε: Farad/m Ø Electric Field E: Volt/m Ø permeability µ: Henry/m Ø Magnetic Field H: Ampere/m Ø Magnetic flux density B=magnetic flux/surface=µ Η: Tesla Ø Magnetic flux Φ: Weber = Henry Ampere Ø Electric Displacement D=ε E: Coulomb/m 2 9
10 Θυµάστε διανυσµατική ανάλυση? 10
11 Τίτλος Θυµάστε διανυσµατική ανάλυση? Laplacian Ø.. curl No(ce that 11
12 Θυµάστε διανυσµατική ανάλυση? 12
13 Θυµάστε διανυσµατική ανάλυση? Τα παρακάτω δείχνουν το Intuition... (curl (rotation)= vector circulation per unit area, div=vector flux per unit of volume, grad=direction of rate of change) Curl Div Grad 13
14 Divergence of A at a point: net outward flux of A per unit volume, when the volume around the point of interest tends to zero. 14
15 Divergence Theorem (aka Gauss Theorem): volume integral of of div of vector A = flux of A through bounding surface of that volume. 15
16 Curl of A at a point: vector, with magnitude = the maximum net circulation of vector A per unit area around that point, as the area tends to zero, direction = normal to area, when area is oriented such that circulation is maximized. Circulation of A in closed path c = line integral of A over c. 16
17 Curl Theorem (aka Stokes Theorem): the surface integral of curl of a vector over an open surface = the closed line integral of the vector over the bounding contour of of the surface.!! Question: what are the units of div( A), curl( A)? 17
18 Εξίσωση Κύµατος (Εξίσωση Helmholtz): Επίλυση k 0 E = = E 2π λ 0 0 e, k jk 0 0 = r, k 0 n 0, Maxwell Διαστάσεις σε Ωhm Λύση Helmholtz 18
19 Far Field Region Ø Region where plane-wave is a good approximation! Ø Practically, where antenna patterns are independent of distance. 19
20 Antenna Analysis (in one minute) Ø Solution through inhomogeneous Helmholtz equation. Ø Antenna with volume V and current J: Ø Current distribution from Antenna geometry. Ø Numerical methods. 20
21 Characteristics: Input VSWR & Impedance We prove these in next lecture! 0< Γ 2 <1, sign depends on book/context ± Return Loss Ø Γ 2 shows the percentage of power lost due to mismatch (reflection). Ø power coupled to antenna = (1- Γ 2 ) times the power delivered from source. Ø Typically, VSWR is less than 2:1. Ø Example: VSWR = 2:1 means that 11% of delivered tx power to antenna is lost! 21
22 Characteristics: Bandwidth Ø Various meanings, depending on context. Ø Most common: impedance bandwidth. Ø Impedance bandwidth: range of frequencies where VSWR below a threshold. Ø Other definitions based on gain, efficiency, patterns etc. Ø Operational bandwidth usually smaller. λ = f c ε r 22
23 Characteristics: Power Radiation Patterns Ø Remember: far-field electric characteristics are independent of distance. Ø Typically, plot power density (Poynting vector across a sphere,centered at the ant.) Ø Simpler approach: draw electric and/or magnetic field at cut planes where the field is maximized. Ø E-plane: E θ plane. Ø Cross-polarization component: E φ λ = f c ε r 23
24 Characteristics: Half-power Beamwidth and Side Lobe Level (SLL) Ø HPBW: the range in degrees such that the radiation drops to one-half. Ø SLL: the number of decibels below the main peak of the side peaks. 24
25 Characteristics: Directivity, Gain, Efficiency Note: P t = P rad Ø Gain and efficiency connect radiated power with ant input power. Ø For example: G P t /4πR 2 is radiated power density towards maximum radiation direction (Note: P t is total input power P t = P rad +P loss ). Ø Why don t we always maximize gain? 25
26 Characteristics: gain-bw tradeoff Ø Gain-beamwidth tradeoff: maximizing one, minimizes the other. Ø Gain-bandwidth tradeoff also exists (fundamental). Ø Thus, maximizing ant gain comes at the cost of reduced bandwidth and increased HPBW. 26
27 Characteristics: Rough Estimation of High-Gain Ant HPBW λ D 0 K1, G K θ θ Ø K 1 70 o, D ant dimension at the plane of interest. Ø K 2 30,000, θ 1, θ 2 are HPBW across the two orthogonal principal planes. 27
28 Characteristics: Effective Area, Polarization Ø Effective area proportional, but smaller, than physical area. Ø Friis Equation is derived through A e 4π G = Α e λ 2 Ø Polarization = direction of Electric Field as a function of time: straight line: linear polarization, circle: circular polarization (LH or RH), ellipse: eliptical polarization. 28
29 Polarization Example Ø linear Ø circular 29
30 Polarization Mismatch Ø reducing received power by 3-dB 30
31 Example: Dipole Open circuit? Ø G = 1.64 => 2.15 dbi Ø ERP: transmitted power referenced to dipole gain. Ø EIRP: transmitted power referenced to isotropic antenna. 31
32 Βασική ερώτηση µαθήµατος ή? 32
33 Κεραίες GHz 33
34 Questions? 34
ΤΗΛ412 Ανάλυση & Σχεδίαση (Σύνθεση) Τηλεπικοινωνιακών Διατάξεων. Διαλέξεις 9-10
ΤΗΛ41 Ανάλυση & Σχεδίαση (Σύνθεση) Τηλεπικοινωνιακών Διατάξεων Διαλέξεις 9-1 Άγγελος Μπλέτσας ΗΜΜΥ Πολυτεχνείου Κρήτης, Χειµερινό Εξάµηνο 16-17 1 Διαλέξεις 9-1 Κεραίες (Από την οπτική γωνία του µηχανικού!)
Διαβάστε περισσότεραWritten Examination. Antennas and Propagation (AA ) April 26, 2017.
Written Examination Antennas and Propagation (AA. 6-7) April 6, 7. Problem ( points) Let us consider a wire antenna as in Fig. characterized by a z-oriented linear filamentary current I(z) = I cos(kz)ẑ
Διαβάστε περισσότεραthe total number of electrons passing through the lamp.
1. A 12 V 36 W lamp is lit to normal brightness using a 12 V car battery of negligible internal resistance. The lamp is switched on for one hour (3600 s). For the time of 1 hour, calculate (i) the energy
Διαβάστε περισσότεραb. Use the parametrization from (a) to compute the area of S a as S a ds. Be sure to substitute for ds!
MTH U341 urface Integrals, tokes theorem, the divergence theorem To be turned in Wed., Dec. 1. 1. Let be the sphere of radius a, x 2 + y 2 + z 2 a 2. a. Use spherical coordinates (with ρ a) to parametrize.
Διαβάστε περισσότεραTECNICAL BOOKLET ANTENNES amateur radio antennas
TECNICAL BOOKLET ANTENNES amateur radio antennas /51 MHz antenna 144/146 MHz antennas Pro XL 144/146 MHz antennas 4/4 MHz antennas Pro XL 4/4 MHz antennas Patch 4/4 MHz antenna 144/146 & 4/4 MHz antennas
Διαβάστε περισσότερα[1] P Q. Fig. 3.1
1 (a) Define resistance....... [1] (b) The smallest conductor within a computer processing chip can be represented as a rectangular block that is one atom high, four atoms wide and twenty atoms long. One
Διαβάστε περισσότεραTopic 4. Linear Wire and Small Circular Loop Antennas. Tamer Abuelfadl
Topic 4 Linear Wire and Small Circular Loop Antennas Tamer Abuelfadl Electronics and Electrical Communications Department Faculty of Engineering Cairo University Tamer Abuelfadl (EEC, Cairo University)
Διαβάστε περισσότεραSpherical Coordinates
Spherical Coordinates MATH 311, Calculus III J. Robert Buchanan Department of Mathematics Fall 2011 Spherical Coordinates Another means of locating points in three-dimensional space is known as the spherical
Διαβάστε περισσότερα1. (a) (5 points) Find the unit tangent and unit normal vectors T and N to the curve. r(t) = 3cost, 4t, 3sint
1. a) 5 points) Find the unit tangent and unit normal vectors T and N to the curve at the point P, π, rt) cost, t, sint ). b) 5 points) Find curvature of the curve at the point P. Solution: a) r t) sint,,
Διαβάστε περισσότεραParametrized Surfaces
Parametrized Surfaces Recall from our unit on vector-valued functions at the beginning of the semester that an R 3 -valued function c(t) in one parameter is a mapping of the form c : I R 3 where I is some
Διαβάστε περισσότεραHomework 8 Model Solution Section
MATH 004 Homework Solution Homework 8 Model Solution Section 14.5 14.6. 14.5. Use the Chain Rule to find dz where z cosx + 4y), x 5t 4, y 1 t. dz dx + dy y sinx + 4y)0t + 4) sinx + 4y) 1t ) 0t + 4t ) sinx
Διαβάστε περισσότεραSecond Order RLC Filters
ECEN 60 Circuits/Electronics Spring 007-0-07 P. Mathys Second Order RLC Filters RLC Lowpass Filter A passive RLC lowpass filter (LPF) circuit is shown in the following schematic. R L C v O (t) Using phasor
Διαβάστε περισσότεραΑπόκριση σε Μοναδιαία Ωστική Δύναμη (Unit Impulse) Απόκριση σε Δυνάμεις Αυθαίρετα Μεταβαλλόμενες με το Χρόνο. Απόστολος Σ.
Απόκριση σε Δυνάμεις Αυθαίρετα Μεταβαλλόμενες με το Χρόνο The time integral of a force is referred to as impulse, is determined by and is obtained from: Newton s 2 nd Law of motion states that the action
Διαβάστε περισσότεραStrain gauge and rosettes
Strain gauge and rosettes Introduction A strain gauge is a device which is used to measure strain (deformation) on an object subjected to forces. Strain can be measured using various types of devices classified
Διαβάστε περισσότεραReminders: linear functions
Reminders: linear functions Let U and V be vector spaces over the same field F. Definition A function f : U V is linear if for every u 1, u 2 U, f (u 1 + u 2 ) = f (u 1 ) + f (u 2 ), and for every u U
Διαβάστε περισσότεραCHAPTER 25 SOLVING EQUATIONS BY ITERATIVE METHODS
CHAPTER 5 SOLVING EQUATIONS BY ITERATIVE METHODS EXERCISE 104 Page 8 1. Find the positive root of the equation x + 3x 5 = 0, correct to 3 significant figures, using the method of bisection. Let f(x) =
Διαβάστε περισσότερα(1) Describe the process by which mercury atoms become excited in a fluorescent tube (3)
Q1. (a) A fluorescent tube is filled with mercury vapour at low pressure. In order to emit electromagnetic radiation the mercury atoms must first be excited. (i) What is meant by an excited atom? (1) (ii)
Διαβάστε περισσότεραMonolithic Crystal Filters (M.C.F.)
Monolithic Crystal Filters (M.C.F.) MCF (MONOLITHIC CRYSTAL FILTER) features high quality quartz resonators such as sharp cutoff characteristics, low loss, good inter-modulation and high stability over
Διαβάστε περισσότεραECE Spring Prof. David R. Jackson ECE Dept. Notes 2
ECE 634 Spring 6 Prof. David R. Jackson ECE Dept. Notes Fields in a Source-Free Region Example: Radiation from an aperture y PEC E t x Aperture Assume the following choice of vector potentials: A F = =
Διαβάστε περισσότεραCapacitors - Capacitance, Charge and Potential Difference
Capacitors - Capacitance, Charge and Potential Difference Capacitors store electric charge. This ability to store electric charge is known as capacitance. A simple capacitor consists of 2 parallel metal
Διαβάστε περισσότεραSection 8.3 Trigonometric Equations
99 Section 8. Trigonometric Equations Objective 1: Solve Equations Involving One Trigonometric Function. In this section and the next, we will exple how to solving equations involving trigonometric functions.
Διαβάστε περισσότεραJesse Maassen and Mark Lundstrom Purdue University November 25, 2013
Notes on Average Scattering imes and Hall Factors Jesse Maassen and Mar Lundstrom Purdue University November 5, 13 I. Introduction 1 II. Solution of the BE 1 III. Exercises: Woring out average scattering
Διαβάστε περισσότεραSrednicki Chapter 55
Srednicki Chapter 55 QFT Problems & Solutions A. George August 3, 03 Srednicki 55.. Use equations 55.3-55.0 and A i, A j ] = Π i, Π j ] = 0 (at equal times) to verify equations 55.-55.3. This is our third
Διαβάστε περισσότεραNumerical Analysis FMN011
Numerical Analysis FMN011 Carmen Arévalo Lund University carmen@maths.lth.se Lecture 12 Periodic data A function g has period P if g(x + P ) = g(x) Model: Trigonometric polynomial of order M T M (x) =
Διαβάστε περισσότερα5.4 The Poisson Distribution.
The worst thing you can do about a situation is nothing. Sr. O Shea Jackson 5.4 The Poisson Distribution. Description of the Poisson Distribution Discrete probability distribution. The random variable
Διαβάστε περισσότεραMain source: "Discrete-time systems and computer control" by Α. ΣΚΟΔΡΑΣ ΨΗΦΙΑΚΟΣ ΕΛΕΓΧΟΣ ΔΙΑΛΕΞΗ 4 ΔΙΑΦΑΝΕΙΑ 1
Main source: "Discrete-time systems and computer control" by Α. ΣΚΟΔΡΑΣ ΨΗΦΙΑΚΟΣ ΕΛΕΓΧΟΣ ΔΙΑΛΕΞΗ 4 ΔΙΑΦΑΝΕΙΑ 1 A Brief History of Sampling Research 1915 - Edmund Taylor Whittaker (1873-1956) devised a
Διαβάστε περισσότεραDESIGN OF MACHINERY SOLUTION MANUAL h in h 4 0.
DESIGN OF MACHINERY SOLUTION MANUAL -7-1! PROBLEM -7 Statement: Design a double-dwell cam to move a follower from to 25 6, dwell for 12, fall 25 and dwell for the remader The total cycle must take 4 sec
Διαβάστε περισσότεραOther Test Constructions: Likelihood Ratio & Bayes Tests
Other Test Constructions: Likelihood Ratio & Bayes Tests Side-Note: So far we have seen a few approaches for creating tests such as Neyman-Pearson Lemma ( most powerful tests of H 0 : θ = θ 0 vs H 1 :
Διαβάστε περισσότεραEE101: Resonance in RLC circuits
EE11: Resonance in RLC circuits M. B. Patil mbatil@ee.iitb.ac.in www.ee.iitb.ac.in/~sequel Deartment of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay I V R V L V C I = I m = R + jωl + 1/jωC
Διαβάστε περισσότεραSolutions to Exercise Sheet 5
Solutions to Eercise Sheet 5 jacques@ucsd.edu. Let X and Y be random variables with joint pdf f(, y) = 3y( + y) where and y. Determine each of the following probabilities. Solutions. a. P (X ). b. P (X
Διαβάστε περισσότερα3.4 SUM AND DIFFERENCE FORMULAS. NOTE: cos(α+β) cos α + cos β cos(α-β) cos α -cos β
3.4 SUM AND DIFFERENCE FORMULAS Page Theorem cos(αβ cos α cos β -sin α cos(α-β cos α cos β sin α NOTE: cos(αβ cos α cos β cos(α-β cos α -cos β Proof of cos(α-β cos α cos β sin α Let s use a unit circle
Διαβάστε περισσότεραProblem 7.19 Ignoring reflection at the air soil boundary, if the amplitude of a 3-GHz incident wave is 10 V/m at the surface of a wet soil medium, at what depth will it be down to 1 mv/m? Wet soil is
Διαβάστε περισσότεραwave energy Superposition of linear plane progressive waves Marine Hydrodynamics Lecture Oblique Plane Waves:
3.0 Marine Hydrodynamics, Fall 004 Lecture 0 Copyriht c 004 MIT - Department of Ocean Enineerin, All rihts reserved. 3.0 - Marine Hydrodynamics Lecture 0 Free-surface waves: wave enery linear superposition,
Διαβάστε περισσότεραΜέρος 1 ΜΟΝΤΕΛΑ ΔΙΑΔΟΣΗΣ
Μέρος 1 ΜΟΝΤΕΛΑ ΔΙΑΔΟΣΗΣ Μοντέλα Διάδοσης Βασικές αρχές. Στόχος: Υπολογισμός Εμβέλεια ζεύξης Τρόπος: Προϋπολογισμός ζεύξης (link budget) Μοντέλα Διάδοσης Η ζεύξη ως σύστημα P T = Ισχύς πομπού, L T = Απώλεια
Διαβάστε περισσότεραFourier Series. MATH 211, Calculus II. J. Robert Buchanan. Spring Department of Mathematics
Fourier Series MATH 211, Calculus II J. Robert Buchanan Department of Mathematics Spring 2018 Introduction Not all functions can be represented by Taylor series. f (k) (c) A Taylor series f (x) = (x c)
Διαβάστε περισσότεραPhys460.nb Solution for the t-dependent Schrodinger s equation How did we find the solution? (not required)
Phys460.nb 81 ψ n (t) is still the (same) eigenstate of H But for tdependent H. The answer is NO. 5.5.5. Solution for the tdependent Schrodinger s equation If we assume that at time t 0, the electron starts
Διαβάστε περισσότεραStatistical Inference I Locally most powerful tests
Statistical Inference I Locally most powerful tests Shirsendu Mukherjee Department of Statistics, Asutosh College, Kolkata, India. shirsendu st@yahoo.co.in So far we have treated the testing of one-sided
Διαβάστε περισσότερα6.4 Superposition of Linear Plane Progressive Waves
.0 - Marine Hydrodynamics, Spring 005 Lecture.0 - Marine Hydrodynamics Lecture 6.4 Superposition of Linear Plane Progressive Waves. Oblique Plane Waves z v k k k z v k = ( k, k z ) θ (Looking up the y-ais
Διαβάστε περισσότεραΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΚΡΗΤΗΣ. Ψηφιακή Οικονομία. Διάλεξη 8η: Producer Behavior Mαρίνα Μπιτσάκη Τμήμα Επιστήμης Υπολογιστών
ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΚΡΗΤΗΣ Ψηφιακή Οικονομία Διάλεξη 8η: Producer Behavior Mαρίνα Μπιτσάκη Τμήμα Επιστήμης Υπολογιστών Firm Behavior GOAL: Firms choose the maximum possible output (technological
Διαβάστε περισσότεραk A = [k, k]( )[a 1, a 2 ] = [ka 1,ka 2 ] 4For the division of two intervals of confidence in R +
Chapter 3. Fuzzy Arithmetic 3- Fuzzy arithmetic: ~Addition(+) and subtraction (-): Let A = [a and B = [b, b in R If x [a and y [b, b than x+y [a +b +b Symbolically,we write A(+)B = [a (+)[b, b = [a +b
Διαβάστε περισσότεραThe Simply Typed Lambda Calculus
Type Inference Instead of writing type annotations, can we use an algorithm to infer what the type annotations should be? That depends on the type system. For simple type systems the answer is yes, and
Διαβάστε περισσότεραΚΥΠΡΙΑΚΗ ΕΤΑΙΡΕΙΑ ΠΛΗΡΟΦΟΡΙΚΗΣ CYPRUS COMPUTER SOCIETY ΠΑΓΚΥΠΡΙΟΣ ΜΑΘΗΤΙΚΟΣ ΔΙΑΓΩΝΙΣΜΟΣ ΠΛΗΡΟΦΟΡΙΚΗΣ 19/5/2007
Οδηγίες: Να απαντηθούν όλες οι ερωτήσεις. Αν κάπου κάνετε κάποιες υποθέσεις να αναφερθούν στη σχετική ερώτηση. Όλα τα αρχεία που αναφέρονται στα προβλήματα βρίσκονται στον ίδιο φάκελο με το εκτελέσιμο
Διαβάστε περισσότεραΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΚΡΗΤΗΣ. Ψηφιακή Οικονομία. Διάλεξη 7η: Consumer Behavior Mαρίνα Μπιτσάκη Τμήμα Επιστήμης Υπολογιστών
ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΚΡΗΤΗΣ Ψηφιακή Οικονομία Διάλεξη 7η: Consumer Behavior Mαρίνα Μπιτσάκη Τμήμα Επιστήμης Υπολογιστών Τέλος Ενότητας Χρηματοδότηση Το παρόν εκπαιδευτικό υλικό έχει αναπτυχθεί
Διαβάστε περισσότεραExample 1: THE ELECTRIC DIPOLE
Example 1: THE ELECTRIC DIPOLE 1 The Electic Dipole: z + P + θ d _ Φ = Q 4πε + Q = Q 4πε 4πε 1 + 1 2 The Electic Dipole: d + _ z + Law of Cosines: θ A B α C A 2 = B 2 + C 2 2ABcosα P ± = 2 ( + d ) 2 2
Διαβάστε περισσότεραΤΗΛ412 Ανάλυση & Σχεδίαση (Σύνθεση) Τηλεπικοινωνιακών Διατάξεων. Διάλεξη 7. Άγγελος Μπλέτσας ΗΜΜΥ Πολυτεχνείου Κρήτης, Φθινόπωρο 2014
ΤΗΛ412 Ανάλυση & Σχεδίαση (Σύνθεση) Τηλεπικοινωνιακών Διατάξεων Διάλεξη 7 Άγγελος Μπλέτσας ΗΜΜΥ Πολυτεχνείου Κρήτης, Φθινόπωρο 2014 1 Στο Lab4 προχωράµε σε θέµατα σχεδίασης/ υλοποίησης TUC Telecom Lab
Διαβάστε περισσότεραPractice Exam 2. Conceptual Questions. 1. State a Basic identity and then verify it. (a) Identity: Solution: One identity is csc(θ) = 1
Conceptual Questions. State a Basic identity and then verify it. a) Identity: Solution: One identity is cscθ) = sinθ) Practice Exam b) Verification: Solution: Given the point of intersection x, y) of the
Διαβάστε περισσότεραECE 5318/6352 Antenna Engineering. Spring 2006 Dr. Stuart Long. Chapter 6. Part 1 Array Basics
ECE 5318/635 Antenna Engineering Spring 006 Dr. Stuart Long Chapter 6 Part 1 Array Basics 1 Array Rationale Single elements Usually broad beamwidth Relatively low directivity Often system requirements
Διαβάστε περισσότεραPartial Differential Equations in Biology The boundary element method. March 26, 2013
The boundary element method March 26, 203 Introduction and notation The problem: u = f in D R d u = ϕ in Γ D u n = g on Γ N, where D = Γ D Γ N, Γ D Γ N = (possibly, Γ D = [Neumann problem] or Γ N = [Dirichlet
Διαβάστε περισσότερα1.575 GHz GPS Ceramic Chip Antenna Ground cleared under antenna, clearance area 4.00 x 4.25 mm / 6.25 mm. Pulse Part Number: W3011 / W3011A
W0 Datasheet version. ceramic antenna. (09/08).575 GHz Ceramic Chip Antenna Ground cleared under antenna, clearance area x 4.5 mm / 6.5 mm. Pulse Part Number: W0 / W0A Features - Omni directional radiation
Διαβάστε περισσότεραAreas and Lengths in Polar Coordinates
Kiryl Tsishchanka Areas and Lengths in Polar Coordinates In this section we develop the formula for the area of a region whose boundary is given by a polar equation. We need to use the formula for the
Διαβάστε περισσότεραPotential Dividers. 46 minutes. 46 marks. Page 1 of 11
Potential Dividers 46 minutes 46 marks Page 1 of 11 Q1. In the circuit shown in the figure below, the battery, of negligible internal resistance, has an emf of 30 V. The pd across the lamp is 6.0 V and
Διαβάστε περισσότεραEE512: Error Control Coding
EE512: Error Control Coding Solution for Assignment on Finite Fields February 16, 2007 1. (a) Addition and Multiplication tables for GF (5) and GF (7) are shown in Tables 1 and 2. + 0 1 2 3 4 0 0 1 2 3
Διαβάστε περισσότεραBluetooth / WLAN / WiFi Ceramic Chip Antenna Ground cleared under antenna, clearance area 4.00 x 4.25/6.25 mm. Pulse Part Number W3008, W3008C
W8 Datasheet version.7. ceramic antenna. (/) Ground cleared under antenna, clearance area 4. x 4.5/6.5 mm. Pulse Part Number W8, W8C Features - Omni directional radiation - Low profile - Compact size W
Διαβάστε περισσότεραPhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 1
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 1 Q1. The magnetic flux through a coil of N turns is increased uniformly from zero to a maximum value in a time t. An emf, E, is induced across the coil. What is the maximum value
Διαβάστε περισσότερα2R2. 2 (L W H) [mm] Wire Wound SMD Power Inductor. Nominal Inductance Packing Tape & Reel. Design Code M ±20%
Wire Wound SMD Power Inductors WPN Series Operating temperature range : -40 ~+125 (Including self-heating) FEATURES Fe base metal material core provides large saturation current Metallization on ferrite
Διαβάστε περισσότεραPrepolarized Microphones-Free Field
Prepolarized Microphones-Free Field MP0 / MP3 / MP / MP / MP / MP / MP8 MP0 MP3 MP MP MP MP MP8 Standards (IEC7) I I I.3 ~ 0k 3 ~ 0k 0 ~.k 0 ~.k 0 ~ 70k 0 ~ k 0 ~ k Open-circuit Sensitivity (mv/pa) (±db)
Διαβάστε περισσότεραCHAPTER 12: PERIMETER, AREA, CIRCUMFERENCE, AND 12.1 INTRODUCTION TO GEOMETRIC 12.2 PERIMETER: SQUARES, RECTANGLES,
CHAPTER : PERIMETER, AREA, CIRCUMFERENCE, AND SIGNED FRACTIONS. INTRODUCTION TO GEOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS p. -3. PERIMETER: SQUARES, RECTANGLES, TRIANGLES p. 4-5.3 AREA: SQUARES, RECTANGLES, TRIANGLES p.
Διαβάστε περισσότεραUDZ Swirl diffuser. Product facts. Quick-selection. Swirl diffuser UDZ. Product code example:
UDZ Swirl diffuser Swirl diffuser UDZ, which is intended for installation in a ventilation duct, can be used in premises with a large volume, for example factory premises, storage areas, superstores, halls,
Διαβάστε περισσότεραISM 868 MHz Ceramic Antenna Ground cleared under antenna, clearance area mm x 8.25 mm. Pulse Part Number: W3013
W0 Datasheet version.. Ceramic Antenna. (0/08). Ceramic Antenna Ground cleared under antenna, clearance area 0.80 mm x 8.5 mm. Pulse Part Number: W0 Features - Omni directional radiation - Low profile
Διαβάστε περισσότερα4.6 Autoregressive Moving Average Model ARMA(1,1)
84 CHAPTER 4. STATIONARY TS MODELS 4.6 Autoregressive Moving Average Model ARMA(,) This section is an introduction to a wide class of models ARMA(p,q) which we will consider in more detail later in this
Διαβάστε περισσότεραJackson 2.25 Homework Problem Solution Dr. Christopher S. Baird University of Massachusetts Lowell
Jackson 2.25 Hoework Proble Solution Dr. Christopher S. Baird University of Massachusetts Lowell PROBLEM: Two conducting planes at zero potential eet along the z axis, aking an angle β between the, as
Διαβάστε περισσότεραFirst Sensor Quad APD Data Sheet Part Description QA TO Order #
Responsivity (/W) First Sensor Quad PD Data Sheet Features Description pplication Pulsed 16 nm laser detection RoHS 211/65/EU Light source positioning Laser alignment ø mm total active area Segmented in
Διαβάστε περισσότεραST5224: Advanced Statistical Theory II
ST5224: Advanced Statistical Theory II 2014/2015: Semester II Tutorial 7 1. Let X be a sample from a population P and consider testing hypotheses H 0 : P = P 0 versus H 1 : P = P 1, where P j is a known
Διαβάστε περισσότεραPg The perimeter is P = 3x The area of a triangle is. where b is the base, h is the height. In our case b = x, then the area is
Pg. 9. The perimeter is P = The area of a triangle is A = bh where b is the base, h is the height 0 h= btan 60 = b = b In our case b =, then the area is A = = 0. By Pythagorean theorem a + a = d a a =
Διαβάστε περισσότεραRectangular Polar Parametric
Harold s Precalculus Rectangular Polar Parametric Cheat Sheet 15 October 2017 Point Line Rectangular Polar Parametric f(x) = y (x, y) (a, b) Slope-Intercept Form: y = mx + b Point-Slope Form: y y 0 = m
Διαβάστε περισσότεραIntroduction to Theory of. Elasticity. Kengo Nakajima Summer
Introduction to Theor of lasticit Summer Kengo Nakajima Technical & Scientific Computing I (48-7) Seminar on Computer Science (48-4) elast Theor of lasticit Target Stress Governing quations elast 3 Theor
Διαβάστε περισσότεραANSWERSHEET (TOPIC = DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS) COLLECTION #2. h 0 h h 0 h h 0 ( ) g k = g 0 + g 1 + g g 2009 =?
Teko Classes IITJEE/AIEEE Maths by SUHAAG SIR, Bhopal, Ph (0755) 3 00 000 www.tekoclasses.com ANSWERSHEET (TOPIC DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS) COLLECTION # Question Type A.Single Correct Type Q. (A) Sol least
Διαβάστε περισσότεραDETERMINATION OF DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A 2DOF SYSTEM. by Zoran VARGA, Ms.C.E.
DETERMINATION OF DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A 2DOF SYSTEM by Zoran VARGA, Ms.C.E. Euro-Apex B.V. 1990-2012 All Rights Reserved. The 2 DOF System Symbols m 1 =3m [kg] m 2 =8m m=10 [kg] l=2 [m] E=210000
Διαβάστε περισσότεραOrdinal Arithmetic: Addition, Multiplication, Exponentiation and Limit
Ordinal Arithmetic: Addition, Multiplication, Exponentiation and Limit Ting Zhang Stanford May 11, 2001 Stanford, 5/11/2001 1 Outline Ordinal Classification Ordinal Addition Ordinal Multiplication Ordinal
Διαβάστε περισσότεραAreas and Lengths in Polar Coordinates
Kiryl Tsishchanka Areas and Lengths in Polar Coordinates In this section we develop the formula for the area of a region whose boundary is given by a polar equation. We need to use the formula for the
Διαβάστε περισσότεραΜΗ33: Τηλεπικοινωνιακά Δίκτυα Νέας Γενιάς (7 η και 8 η Διάλεξη - Σχεδιασμός)
Τεχνολογικό Εκπαιδευτικό Ίδρυµα (ΤΕΙ) Αθηνών Σχολή Τεχνολογικών Εφαρµογών Τµήµα Ηλεκτρονικών Μηχανικών Σημειώσεις Παραδόσεων Μεταπτυχιακό Πρόγραµµα Σπουδών:! Σχεδίαση και Ανάπτυξη Προηγµένων Συστηµάτων
Διαβάστε περισσότεραSolutions to the Schrodinger equation atomic orbitals. Ψ 1 s Ψ 2 s Ψ 2 px Ψ 2 py Ψ 2 pz
Solutions to the Schrodinger equation atomic orbitals Ψ 1 s Ψ 2 s Ψ 2 px Ψ 2 py Ψ 2 pz ybridization Valence Bond Approach to bonding sp 3 (Ψ 2 s + Ψ 2 px + Ψ 2 py + Ψ 2 pz) sp 2 (Ψ 2 s + Ψ 2 px + Ψ 2 py)
Διαβάστε περισσότεραBalanced Slope Demodulator EEC 112. v o2
Balanced Slope Demodulator EEC 11 The circuit below isabalanced FM slope demodulator. ω 01 i i (t) C 1 L 1 1 Ideal +v o (t) 0 C 0 v o1 v o + + C 0 Ideal 0 ω 0 L C i i (t) It is the same as the circuit
Διαβάστε περισσότεραAppendix A. Curvilinear coordinates. A.1 Lamé coefficients. Consider set of equations. ξ i = ξ i (x 1,x 2,x 3 ), i = 1,2,3
Appendix A Curvilinear coordinates A. Lamé coefficients Consider set of equations ξ i = ξ i x,x 2,x 3, i =,2,3 where ξ,ξ 2,ξ 3 independent, single-valued and continuous x,x 2,x 3 : coordinates of point
Διαβάστε περισσότερα; <' (* +,, -. / 0 1 2*3 4 5' = = = 4 - > ITU-R S.1856 (2010/01)
ITU-R S.856 (2/) ; S ITU-R S.856 ii.. (IPR) (ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC).ITU-R http://www.itu.int/itu-r/go/patents/en.
Διαβάστε περισσότεραHISTOGRAMS AND PERCENTILES What is the 25 th percentile of a histogram? What is the 50 th percentile for the cigarette histogram?
HISTOGRAMS AND PERCENTILES What is the 25 th percentile of a histogram? The point on the horizontal axis such that of the area under the histogram lies to the left of that point (and to the right) What
Διαβάστε περισσότεραGraded Refractive-Index
Graded Refractive-Index Common Devices Methodologies for Graded Refractive Index Methodologies: Ray Optics WKB Multilayer Modelling Solution requires: some knowledge of index profile n 2 x Ray Optics for
Διαβάστε περισσότεραInverse trigonometric functions & General Solution of Trigonometric Equations. ------------------ ----------------------------- -----------------
Inverse trigonometric functions & General Solution of Trigonometric Equations. 1. Sin ( ) = a) b) c) d) Ans b. Solution : Method 1. Ans a: 17 > 1 a) is rejected. w.k.t Sin ( sin ) = d is rejected. If sin
Διαβάστε περισσότερα6.1. Dirac Equation. Hamiltonian. Dirac Eq.
6.1. Dirac Equation Ref: M.Kaku, Quantum Field Theory, Oxford Univ Press (1993) η μν = η μν = diag(1, -1, -1, -1) p 0 = p 0 p = p i = -p i p μ p μ = p 0 p 0 + p i p i = E c 2 - p 2 = (m c) 2 H = c p 2
Διαβάστε περισσότεραTMA4115 Matematikk 3
TMA4115 Matematikk 3 Andrew Stacey Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet Trondheim Spring 2010 Lecture 12: Mathematics Marvellous Matrices Andrew Stacey Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet
Διαβάστε περισσότεραCRASH COURSE IN PRECALCULUS
CRASH COURSE IN PRECALCULUS Shiah-Sen Wang The graphs are prepared by Chien-Lun Lai Based on : Precalculus: Mathematics for Calculus by J. Stuwart, L. Redin & S. Watson, 6th edition, 01, Brooks/Cole Chapter
Διαβάστε περισσότεραARISTOTLE UNIVERSITY OF THESSALONIKI FACULTY OF FORESTRY AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT Institute of Mountainous Water Management and Control
ARISTOTLE UNIVERSITY OF THESSALONIKI FACULTY OF FORESTRY AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT Institute of Mountainous Water Management and Control Torrent Basin, Mountainous Watershed Management Dr. Panagiotis Stefanidis
Διαβάστε περισσότεραD Alembert s Solution to the Wave Equation
D Alembert s Solution to the Wave Equation MATH 467 Partial Differential Equations J. Robert Buchanan Department of Mathematics Fall 2018 Objectives In this lesson we will learn: a change of variable technique
Διαβάστε περισσότεραSurface Mount Multilayer Chip Capacitors for Commodity Solutions
Surface Mount Multilayer Chip Capacitors for Commodity Solutions Below tables are test procedures and requirements unless specified in detail datasheet. 1) Visual and mechanical 2) Capacitance 3) Q/DF
Διαβάστε περισσότεραPARTIAL NOTES for 6.1 Trigonometric Identities
PARTIAL NOTES for 6.1 Trigonometric Identities tanθ = sinθ cosθ cotθ = cosθ sinθ BASIC IDENTITIES cscθ = 1 sinθ secθ = 1 cosθ cotθ = 1 tanθ PYTHAGOREAN IDENTITIES sin θ + cos θ =1 tan θ +1= sec θ 1 + cot
Διαβάστε περισσότεραThe ε-pseudospectrum of a Matrix
The ε-pseudospectrum of a Matrix Feb 16, 2015 () The ε-pseudospectrum of a Matrix Feb 16, 2015 1 / 18 1 Preliminaries 2 Definitions 3 Basic Properties 4 Computation of Pseudospectrum of 2 2 5 Problems
Διαβάστε περισσότεραNote: Please use the actual date you accessed this material in your citation.
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 6.03/ESD.03J Electromagnetics and Applications, Fall 005 Please use the following citation format: Markus Zahn, 6.03/ESD.03J Electromagnetics and Applications, Fall
Διαβάστε περισσότεραMatrices and Determinants
Matrices and Determinants SUBJECTIVE PROBLEMS: Q 1. For what value of k do the following system of equations possess a non-trivial (i.e., not all zero) solution over the set of rationals Q? x + ky + 3z
Διαβάστε περισσότεραPart III - Pricing A Down-And-Out Call Option
Part III - Pricing A Down-And-Out Call Option Gary Schurman MBE, CFA March 202 In Part I we examined the reflection principle and a scaled random walk in discrete time and then extended the reflection
Διαβάστε περισσότεραMetal Oxide Varistors (MOV) Data Sheet
Φ SERIES Metal Oxide Varistors (MOV) Data Sheet Features Wide operating voltage (V ma ) range from 8V to 0V Fast responding to transient over-voltage Large absorbing transient energy capability Low clamping
Διαβάστε περισσότεραADVANCED STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
VSB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF OSTRAVA FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING ADVANCED STRUCTURAL MECHANICS Lecture 1 Jiří Brožovský Office: LP H 406/3 Phone: 597 321 321 E-mail: jiri.brozovsky@vsb.cz WWW: http://fast10.vsb.cz/brozovsky/
Διαβάστε περισσότεραNowhere-zero flows Let be a digraph, Abelian group. A Γ-circulation in is a mapping : such that, where, and : tail in X, head in
Nowhere-zero flows Let be a digraph, Abelian group. A Γ-circulation in is a mapping : such that, where, and : tail in X, head in : tail in X, head in A nowhere-zero Γ-flow is a Γ-circulation such that
Διαβάστε περισσότεραΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΠΕΙΡΑΙΩΣ
ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΠΕΙΡΑΙΩΣ ΤΜΗΜΑ ΨΗΦΙΑΚΩΝ ΣΥΣΤΗΜΑΤΩΝ ΕΡΓΑΣΤΗΡΙΟ ΑΣΥΡΜΑΤΩΝ ΕΠΙΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΩΝ ΣΧΕΔΙΑΣΗ ΜΙΚΡΟΤΑΙΝΙΑΚΗΣ (ΤΥΠΩΜΕΝΗΣ) ΚΕΡΑΙΑΣ ΣΕ Η/Μ ΠΡΟΣΟΜΟΙΩΤΗ (CST) ΕΡΓΑΣΤΗΡΙΑΚΗ ΑΣΚΗΣΗ ΕΠΙΜΕΛΕΙΑ: Δρ. Τάσος Παρασκευόπουλος,
Διαβάστε περισσότεραCHAPTER 48 APPLICATIONS OF MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS
CHAPTER 48 APPLICATIONS OF MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS EXERCISE 01 Page 545 1. Use matrices to solve: 3x + 4y x + 5y + 7 3x + 4y x + 5y 7 Hence, 3 4 x 0 5 y 7 The inverse of 3 4 5 is: 1 5 4 1 5 4 15 8 3
Διαβάστε περισσότεραAquinas College. Edexcel Mathematical formulae and statistics tables DO NOT WRITE ON THIS BOOKLET
Aquinas College Edexcel Mathematical formulae and statistics tables DO NOT WRITE ON THIS BOOKLET Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced GCE in Mathematics and Further Mathematics Mathematical
Διαβάστε περισσότεραCongruence Classes of Invertible Matrices of Order 3 over F 2
International Journal of Algebra, Vol. 8, 24, no. 5, 239-246 HIKARI Ltd, www.m-hikari.com http://dx.doi.org/.2988/ija.24.422 Congruence Classes of Invertible Matrices of Order 3 over F 2 Ligong An and
Διαβάστε περισσότεραIntegrals in cylindrical, spherical coordinates (Sect. 15.7)
Integrals in clindrical, spherical coordinates (Sect. 5.7 Integration in spherical coordinates. Review: Clindrical coordinates. Spherical coordinates in space. Triple integral in spherical coordinates.
Διαβάστε περισσότεραMock Exam 7. 1 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company. Section A 1. Reference: HKDSE Math M Q2 (a) (1 + kx) n 1M + 1A = (1) =
Mock Eam 7 Mock Eam 7 Section A. Reference: HKDSE Math M 0 Q (a) ( + k) n nn ( )( k) + nk ( ) + + nn ( ) k + nk + + + A nk... () nn ( ) k... () From (), k...() n Substituting () into (), nn ( ) n 76n 76n
Διαβάστε περισσότεραSmaller. 6.3 to 100 After 1 minute's application of rated voltage at 20 C, leakage current is. not more than 0.03CV or 4 (µa), whichever is greater.
Low Impedance, For Switching Power Supplies Low impedance and high reliability withstanding 5000 hours load life at +05 C (3000 / 2000 hours for smaller case sizes as specified below). Capacitance ranges
Διαβάστε περισσότεραInstruction Execution Times
1 C Execution Times InThisAppendix... Introduction DL330 Execution Times DL330P Execution Times DL340 Execution Times C-2 Execution Times Introduction Data Registers This appendix contains several tables
Διαβάστε περισσότερα