Wind_Loads, HW_2 1. θ 32.6

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Γεννάδιος Βλαστός
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1 Wind_Loads, HW_2 1 Risk Category and Basic Wind Speed Wind Borne Debris Region (WBDR): RC IV Essential facilities (e.g. fire, police, hospitals) Figure to use for wind velcity in Wind Borne Debris Region, V WBDR Health V 180 mph From Figure B, MRI = 1700 yrs Care IF: RC = IV OR Facility Then Use Figure for V WBDR: TRUE FALSE B, MRI = 1700 yrs Bldg Dimensions: ELSE IF: RC = II or III K d 0.85 FALSE A, MRI = 700 yrs L 25 ft B 50 ft Health_Care_Facility FALSE h e 25 ft Use Fig B, MRI = 1700 yrs h ridge 33 ft V WBDR 160 mph o θ 32.6 = ATAN( ( h ridge - h e ) / ( L / 2 ) ) * 180 / PI() Near_Coast TRUE within 1 mi of coastal high-water line h 29 = AVERAGE( h e, h ridge ) WBDR TRUE = OR( V WBDR >= 140, AND( V WBDR >= 130, Near_Coast ) ) Enclosure Classification Areas of Walls (Ag) and Openings (Ao): OPEN FALSE Wall PARTIALLY_ENCLOSED TRUE Upwind Downwind Left Side Right Side Roof Total A o 128 sf = 2 * L / 2 / COS(θ * PI() / 180) * B Cond. 1 TRUE = A o > 1.1 * A oi Enclosure_Classification PARTIALLY ENCLOSED A g 1250 sf 1250 sf 725 sf 725 sf 1484 sf A gt 5434 sf A g 1250 sf Cond. 2 TRUE = A o > MIN( 4, 0.01 * A g ) A o 128 sf 56 sf 28 sf 28 sf 0 sf A ot 240 sf A oi 112 sf = A ot - A o Cond. 3 TRUE = A oi < 0.2 * A gi Internal Pressure Coefficient, G Cpi A o / A g A gi 4184 sf = A gt - A g GC pi 0.55 A o / A g > 0.8 FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE PARTIALLY_ENCLOSED TRUE = AND( Cond. 1, Cond. 2, Cond. 3 Gust Effect Factor, G Low_Rise FALSE = AND( h < 60, h < MIN( L, B ) ) Lower Bound of Natural Frequency, n a Eqns_valid TRUE = h < MIN( 300, 4 * L ) MWFRS other (average, not lower bound) n a 4.00 Hz = 1 / ( 0.02 * h^0.75 ) Calc. Nat. Freq. Rigid TRUE = OR( Low_Rise, n a >= 1 ) G 0.85 = IF( Rigid, 0.85, NA() ) Exposure Category: Surface_Roughness D Flat, unobstructed areas and water surfaces. Includes smooth mud flats, salt lats, and unbroken ice. d ft ft ft d 2 0 ft IF Surface Roughness AND d 1 >= AND d 2 <= THEN Exposure_Category d min_b 1500 ft = IF( h < 30, 1500, MAX( 2600, 20 * h ) ) d min_d 5000 ft = MAX( 5000, 20 * h ) B FALSE 1500 TRUE B FALSE d max_b,c 600 ft = MAX( 600, 20 * h ) D TRUE 5000 TRUE 600 TRUE D TRUE Exp_Cat D Exp. Cat: D = IF( B,, IF( D,, "C" ) ) Topographic Factor, Kzt: IF Distance to nearest upwind hill of ht H MIN( 100 * H, 2 *5280 ) feature Hill ft >= 0 TRUE H 0 ft L h 50 ft Ht of upwind upstructions 2 H 0 ft <= 0 TRUE x 0 ft pos DownWind Distance from Crest to Bldg L h 0 ft <= 50 TRUE H / L h 0.00 = MIN( 0.5, H / L h ) L h 50 = MAX( L h, 2 * H ) Height of Hill >= 0.2 * Lh K 1/(H/L h) 1.15 Fig ft 10 FALSE γ 4 Fig µ 1.5 Fig Height of Hill Min h = IF( Exp_Cat = "B", 60, 15 ) 0 ft >= 15 FALSE K 1 0 = K 1/(H/L h) * H / L h K = 1 - x / ( µ * L h ) All_Cond's_Met FALSE

2 Wind_Loads, HW_2 2 he h Leeward Wall Pressure Coefficient "Flat Roofs" ( θ < 10 o ) z ft L/B 0.5 Cp Roof for θ < 10 o K = EXP( -γ * z / L h ) L/B Cp Reduction Factor (RF) for Cp = -1.3 h 25.0 ft = h e RF h 25 ft = h e L 25 ft K zt = ( 1 + K 1 * K 2 * K 3 )^ B 50 ft h/l 1.00 = h / L h/2 13 K zt = IF( All_Cond's_Met, K zt, 1 ) A trib 625 sf = h/2 * B h 25 A trib RF 2h 50 row L/B Cp Velocity Pressure Coefficient, Kz and Velocity Pressure, q lower Negative Pressures α Dist. from Windward Edge z g 700 ft actual h/l 0 - h/2 h/2 - h h - 2h > 2h row A trib RF ft he h upper lower z ft K z = 2.01 * ( z / z g )^(2/α) C p_lee_wall actual q psf = * K zt * K z * K d * V^2 upper RF Dist. from Windward Edge > 50 ft MWFRS: Cp_FLAT_ROOF_ G 0.85 h 29.0 ft L/B 0.50 = L / B GC pi 0.55 L 25 ft h/l 1.16 = h / L 2. Small Negative Pressures q z 80 psf B 50 ft q h 82 psf θ 32.6 o Cp_FLAT_ROOF_ External Pressure Coefficients, Cp: "Pitched Roofs" ( θ >= 10 o ) Cp Roof for θ >= 10 o C p -.25, h 29 ft h/l 1.16 = h / L Walls: Reduction Factor (RF) for Cp = -1.3 L 25 ft θ degrees Windward 0.8 L 25 ft RF 0.85 Leeward B 50 ft Negative Pressures Side -0.7 A trib 625 sf = L/2 * B Windward θ Leeward θ A trib RF h/l Roof: Pitched C p_ Windward Leeward = (-1.3) * RF row A trib RF lower upper lower upper Flat C p_ C p_2 lower Dist. from Windward Edge h/l \ θ > 50 ft actual lower upper upper RF 0.85 Cp_PITCHED_WINDWARD_ Cp_PITCHED_LEEWARD Design Wind Pressures, p: 've Gcpi 've Gcpi Positive Pressures Windward θ p, psf h/l 've GCpi -'ve GCpi Walls: Windward Leeward Side lower upper 5 6 Roof: h/l \ θ Pitched lower Windward use zero rather than interpolate between +'ve and -'ve values Leeward upper Flat 've Gcpi Dist. from Windward Edge > 50 ft -'ve GCpi Cp_PITCHED_WINDWARD_

3 Wind_Loads, HW_2 3 C&C: Enclosure PARTIALLY ENCLOSED Gcpi 0.55 q h 82.0 psf θ 32.6 degrees L 25 ft a 2.5 ft = MIN( 0.1 * MIN( L, W ), 0.4 * h ) W 50 ft a min 3.0 ft = MIN( 0.4 * MIN( L, W), 3 ) h 29.0 ft a 3.0 ft = MAX( a, a min) Walls: (ft) GCp* (ft) (ft) Effective (sf) Surface component Span Width Width A eff 4 & studs sheathing fastener *from C&C GCp sheet Calc Wall p, psf GCp's Surface component GCpi 4 & studs +'ve = qh * (GCp - GCpi) -'ve = qh * (GCp + GCpi) sheathing +'ve 've Wall Surfaces Roof Surfaces, θ <= 7 ο fastener +'ve 've Roof Surfaces, 7 ο < θ <= 27 ο Roof Surfaces, 27 ο < θ <= 45 ο Roof: overhang TRUE (ft) GCp* (ft) (ft) Effective (sf) Surface component Span Width Width A eff 1, 2 & top chord sheathing fastener *from C&C GCp sheet Calc Roof p, psf GCp's Surface component GCpi 1, 2 & top chord +'ve = qh * (GCp - GCpi) -'ve = qh * (GCp + GCpi) sheathing +'ve 've fastener +'ve 've

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