PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS (ENGLISH UNITS)

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1 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS (ENGLISH UNITS) APPENDIX 2 Table A 1E Molar mass, gas constant, and critical-point properties Table A 2E Ideal-gas specific heats of varios common gases Table A 3E Properties of common liqids, solids, and foods Table A 4E Satrated water Temperatre table Table A 5E Satrated water Pressre table Table A 6E Sperheated water Table A 7E Compressed liqid water Table A 8E Satrated ice water vapor Figre A 9E T-s diagram for water Figre A 10E Mollier diagram for water Table A 11E Satrated refrigerant-134a Temperatre table Table A 12E Satrated refrigerant-134a Pressre table Table A 13E Sperheated refrigerant-134a Figre A 14E P-h diagram for refrigerant-134a Table A 16E Properties of the atmosphere at high altitde Table A 17E Ideal-gas properties of air Table A 18E Ideal-gas properties of nitrogen, N 2 Table A 19E Ideal-gas properties of oxygen, O 2 Table A 20E Ideal-gas properties of carbon dioxide, CO 2 Table A 21E Ideal-gas properties of carbon monoxide, CO Table A 22E Ideal-gas properties of hydrogen, H 2 Table A 23E Ideal-gas properties of water vapor, H 2 O Table A 26E Enthalpy of formation, Gibbs fnction of formation, and absolte entropy at 77 C, 1 atm Table A 27E Properties of some common fels and hydrocarbons Figre A 31E Psychrometric chart at 1 atm total pressre 957

2 958 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS TABLE A 1E Molar mass, gas constant, and critical-point properties Molar Gas constant, R Critical-point properties mass, M Bt/ psia ft 3 / Temperatre, Pressre, Volme, Sbstance Formla lbm/lbmol lbm R* lbm R* R psia ft 3 /lbmol Air Ammonia NH Argon Ar Benzene C 6 H Bromine Br n-btane C 4 H Carbon dioxide CO Carbon monoxide CO Carbon tetrachloride CCl Chlorine Cl Chloroform CHCl Dichlorodifloromethane (R-12) CCl 2 F Dichlorofloromethane (R-21) CHCl 2 F Ethane C 2 H Ethyl alcohol C 2 H 5 OH Ethylene C 2 H Helim He n-hexane C 6 H Hydrogen (normal) H Krypton Kr Methane CH Methyl alcohol CH 3 OH Methyl chloride CH 3 Cl Neon Ne Nitrogen N Nitros oxide N 2 O Oxygen O Propane C 3 H Propylene C 3 H Slfr dioxide SO Tetrafloroethane (R-134a) CF 3 CH 2 F Trichlorofloromethane (R-11) CCl 3 F Water H 2 O Xenon Xe *Calclated from R R /M, where R Bt/lbmol R psia ft 3 /lbmol R and M is the molar mass. Sorce: K. A. Kobe and R. E. Lynn, Jr., Chemical Review 52 (1953), pp , and ASHRAE, Handbook of Fndamentals (Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993), pp and 36.1.

3 959 APPENDIX 2 TABLE A 2E Ideal-gas specific heats of varios common gases (a) At 80 F Gas constant, R c p c v Gas Formla Bt/lbm R Bt/lbm R Bt/lbm R k Air Argon Ar Btane C 4 H Carbon dioxide CO Carbon monoxide CO Ethane C 2 H Ethylene C 2 H Helim He Hydrogen H Methane CH Neon Ne Nitrogen N Octane C 8 H Oxygen O Propane C 3 H Steam H 2 O Sorce: Gordon J. Van Wylen and Richard E. Sonntag, Fndamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, English/SI Version, 3rd ed. (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1986), p. 687, Table A 8E.

4 960 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS TABLE A 2E Ideal-gas specific heats of varios common gases (Contined) (b) At varios temperatres Temp., c p c v c p c v c p c v F Bt/lbm R Bt/lbm R k Bt/lbm R Bt/lbm R k Bt/lbm R Bt/lbm R k Air Carbon dioxide, C0 2 Carbon monoxide, CO Hydrogen, H 2 Nitrogen, N 2 Oxygen, O Note: The nit Bt/lbm R is eqivalent to Bt/lbm F. Sorce: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983), p. 830, Table A 4. Originally pblished in Tables of Properties of Gases, NBS Circlar 564, 1955.

5 961 APPENDIX 2 TABLE A 2E Ideal-gas specific heats of varios common gases (Conclded) (c) As a fnction of temperatre c p a bt ct 2 dt 3 (T in R, c p in Bt/lbmol R) % error Temperatre Sbstance Formla a b c d range, R Max. Avg. Nitrogen N Oxygen O Air Hydrogen H Carbon monoxide CO Carbon dioxide CO Water vapor H 2 O Nitric oxide NO Nitros oxide N 2 O Nitrogen dioxide NO Ammonia NH Slfr S Slfr dioxide SO Slfr trioxide SO Acetylene C 2 H Benzene C 6 H Methanol CH 4 O Ethanol C 2 H 6 O Hydrogen chloride HCl Methane CH Ethane C 2 H Propane C 3 H n-btane C 4 H i-btane C 4 H n-pentane C 5 H n-hexane C 6 H Ethylene C 2 H Propylene C 3 H Sorce: Chemical and Process Thermodynamics 3/E by Kyle, B. G., Adapted by permission of Pearson Edcation, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.

6 962 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS TABLE A 3E Properties of common liqids, solids, and foods (a) Liqids Boiling data at 1 atm Freezing data Liqid properties Normal Latent heat of Latent heat Specific boiling vaporization, Freezing of fsion, Temperatre, Density, heat, c p Sbstance point, F h fg Bt/lbm point, F h if Bt/lbm F r lbm/ft 3 Bt/lbm R Ammonia Argon Benzene Brine (20% sodim chloride by mass) n-btane Carbon dioxide 109.2* 99.6 (at 32 F) Ethanol Ethyl alcohol Ethylene glycol Glycerine Helim Hydrogen Isobtane Kerosene Mercry Methane Methanol Nitrogen Octane Oil (light) Oxygen Petrolem Propane Refrigerant-134a Water *Sblimation temperatre. (At pressres below the triple-point pressre of 75.1 psia, carbon dioxide exists as a solid or gas. Also, the freezing-point temperatre of carbon dioxide is the triple-point temperatre of 69.8 F.)

7 TABLE A 3E Properties of common liqids, solids, and foods (Conclded) (b) Solids (vales are for room temperatre nless indicated otherwise) Specific Specific Density, heat, c p Density, heat, c p Sbstance r lbm/ft 3 Bt/lbm R Sbstance r lbm/ft 3 Bt/lbm R Metals Nonmetals 963 APPENDIX 2 Alminm Asphalt F Brick, common F Brick, fireclay (500 C) F Concrete F Clay F Diamond F Glass, window F Glass, pyrex Bronze (76% C, 2% Zn, Graphite % Al) Granite Brass, yellow (65% C, Gypsm or plaster board % Zn) Ice Copper 50 F F F F F F F F Limestone F Marble Iron Plywood (Doglas fir) 34.0 Lead Rbber (soft) 68.7 Magnesim Rbber (hard) 71.8 Nickel Sand 94.9 Silver Stone 93.6 Steel, mild Woods, hard (maple, oak, etc.) 45.0 Tngsten Woods, soft (fir, pine, etc.) 32.0 (c) Foods Water Freezing Specific heat, Bt/lbm R Latent Water heat of content, Freezing Specific heat, Bt/lbm R Latent heat of content, point, Above Below fsion, % point, Above Below fsion, Food % (mass) F freezing freezing Bt/lbm Food (mass) F freezing freezing Bt/lbm Apples Lettce Bananas Milk, whole Beef rond Oranges Broccoli Potatoes Btter Salmon fish Cheese, Swiss Shrimp Cherries Spinach Chicken Strawberries Corn, sweet Tomatoes, ripe Eggs, whole Trkey Ice cream Watermelon Sorce: Vales are obtained from varios handbooks and other sorces or are calclated. Water content and freezing-point data of foods are from ASHRAE, Handbook of Fndamentals, I-P version (Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993), Chap. 30, Table 1. Freezing point is the temperatre at which freezing starts for frits and vegetables, and the average freezing temperatre for other foods.

8 964 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS TABLE A 4E Satrated water Temperatre table Specific volme, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy, ft 3 /lbm Bt/lbm Bt/lbm Bt/lbm R Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Temp., press., liqid, vapor, liqid, Evap., vapor, liqid, Evap., vapor, liqid, Evap., vapor, T F P sat psia v f v g f fg g h f h fg h g s f s fg s g

9 965 APPENDIX 2 TABLE A 4E Satrated water Temperatre table (Conclded) Specific volme, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy, ft 3 /lbm Bt/lbm Bt/lbm Bt/lbm R Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Temp., press., liqid, vapor, liqid, Evap., vapor, liqid, Evap., vapor, liqid, Evap., vapor, T F P sat psia v f v g f fg g h f h fg h g s f s fg s g Sorce: Tables A 4E throgh A 8E are generated sing the Engineering Eqation Solver (EES) software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. The rotine sed in calclations is the highly accrate SteamIAPWS, which incorporates the 1995 Formlation for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Sbstance for General and Scientific Use, issed by The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS). This formlation replaces the 1984 formlation of Haar, Gallagher, and Kell (NBS/NRC Steam Tables, Hemisphere Pblishing Co., 1984), which is also available in EES as the rotine STEAM. The new formlation is based on the correlations of Sal and Wagner (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 16, 893, 1987) with modifications to adjst to the International Temperatre Scale of The modifications are described by Wagner and Prss (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 22, 783, 1993). The properties of ice are based on Hyland and Wexler, Formlations for the Thermodynamic Properties of the Satrated Phases of H 2 O from K to K, ASHRAE Trans., Part 2A, Paper 2793, 1983.

10 966 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS TABLE A 5E Satrated water Pressre table Specific volme, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy, ft 3 /lbm Bt/lbm Bt/lbm Bt/lbm R Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Press., temp., liqid, vapor, liqid, Evap., vapor, liqid, Evap., vapor, liqid, Evap., vapor, P psia T sat F v f v g f fg g h f h fg h g s f s fg s g

11 967 APPENDIX 2 TABLE A 5E Satrated water Pressre table (Conclded) Specific volme, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy, ft 3 /lbm Bt/lbm Bt/lbm Bt/lbm R Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Press., temp., liqid, vapor, liqid, Evap., vapor, liqid, Evap., vapor, liqid, Evap., vapor, P psia T sat F v f v g f fg g h f h fg h g s f s fg s g

12 968 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS TABLE A 6E Sperheated water s s s T v h Bt/ v h Bt/ v h Bt/ F ft 3 /lbm Bt/lbm Bt/lbm lbm R ft 3 /lbm Bt/lbm Bt/lbm lbm R ft 3 /lbm Bt/lbm Bt/lbm lbm R P 1.0 psia ( F)* P 5.0 psia ( F) P 10 psia ( F) Sat P 15 psia ( F) P 20 psia ( F) P 40 psia ( F) Sat P 60 psia ( F) P 80 psia ( F) P 100 psia ( F) Sat *The temperatre in parentheses is the satration temperatre at the specified pressre. Properties of satrated vapor at the specified pressre.

13 TABLE A 6E 969 APPENDIX 2 Sperheated water (Conclded) s s s T v h Bt/ v h Bt/ v h Bt/ F ft 3 /lbm Bt/lbm Bt/lbm lbm R ft 3 /lbm Bt/lbm Bt/lbm lbm R ft 3 /lbm Bt/lbm Bt/lbm lbm R P 120 psia ( F) P 140 psia ( F) P 160 psia ( F) Sat P 180 psia ( F) P 200 psia ( F) P 225 psia ( F) Sat P 250 psia ( F) P 275 psia ( F) P 300 psia ( F) Sat

14 970 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS TABLE A 6E Sperheated water (Contined ) s s s T v h Bt/ v h Bt/ v h Bt/ F ft 3 /lbm Bt/lbm Bt/lbm lbm R ft 3 /lbm Bt/lbm Bt/lbm lbm R ft 3 /lbm Bt/lbm Bt/lbm lbm R P 350 psia ( F) P 400 psia ( F) P 450 psia ( F) Sat P 500 psia ( F) P 600 psia ( F) P 700 psia ( F) Sat P 800 psia ( F) P 1000 psia ( F) P 1250 psia ( F) Sat

15 TABLE A 6E 971 APPENDIX 2 Sperheated water (Conclded) s s s T v h Bt/ v h Bt/ v h Bt/ F ft 3 /lbm Bt/lbm Bt/lbm lbm R ft 3 /lbm Bt/lbm Bt/lbm lbm R ft 3 /lbm Bt/lbm Bt/lbm lbm R P 1500 psia ( F) P 1750 psia ( F) P 2000 psia ( F) Sat P 2500 psia ( F) P 3000 psia ( F) P 3500 psia Sat P 4000 psia P 5000 psia P 6000 psia

16 972 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS TABLE A 7E Compressed liqid water T v h s v h s v h s F ft 3 /lbm Bt/lbm Bt/lbm Bt/lbm R ft 3 /lbm Bt/lbm Bt/lbm Bt/lbm R ft 3 /lbm Bt/lbm Bt/lbm Bt/lbm R P 500 psia ( F) P 1000 psia ( F) P 1500 psia ( F) Sat P 2000 psia ( F) P 3000 psia ( F) P 5000 psia Sat

17 TABLE A 8E Satrated ice water vapor 973 APPENDIX 2 Specific volme, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy, Sat. ft 3 /lbm Bt/lbm Bt/lbm Bt/Ibm R press., Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Temp., P sat ice, vapor, ice, Sbl., vapor, ice, Sbl., vapor, ice, Sbl., vapor, T F psia v i v g i ig g h i h ig h g s i s ig s g , , , , , , , , , ,

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PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS (SI UNITS) PROPERY ABLES AND CHARS (SI UNIS) APPENDIX 1 able A 1 Molar mass, gas constant, and critical-point properties able A 2 Ideal-gas specific heats of varios common gases able A 3 Properties of common liqids,