Preliminary Observation on Affiliative Behaviors of Rhinopithecus

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1 Chinese Journal of Zoology 2009,44 (3) : ( ; ; ) : ( Rhinopithecus roxellana), , 11,,,,,, : ;; ; :Q958 :A : (2009) Preliminary Observation on Affiliative Behaviors of Rhinopithecus roxella na in a Provisioned Group in the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve YU Pei2Long LIAO Ming2Yao HU Han2Bin ZHAO Ben2Yuan YANGJing2Yuan BAO Wei2Dong 3 ( College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing ; Hubei Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, Muyu ; Research Center of Nature Reserve, State Forestry Administration, Beijing , China) Abstract : To evaluate the effects of provisioning on affiliative behaviors of Sichuan Snub2nosed Monkeys ( Rhinopithecus roxellana), we conducted a systematic observation on a group in the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve from January to September 2007 by using behavior sampling, scanning sampling and all2occurrence recording methods. The group consisted of 3 one2male units (OMU) and 1 all2male unit (AMU) with 45 individuals in total. Eleven types of affiliative behaviors were defined and recorded. Allo2grooming, opening mouth, embracing, playing, and approaching occurred more frequently than others. No significant difference in affiliative behaviors between gender,, ; 3, E2mail : edu. cn ;,, ; : ; E2mail : com : , :

2 44 Chinese Journal of Zoology 44 was found for initiators and recipients, but significant difference existed for initiators between age classes in the OMU (in descending order) : adults, juveniles, the young, and sub2adults ; while within the AMU, the frequency order was adults, juveniles, sub2adults, and the young. Individuals within an OMU exhibited more affiliative behaviors than those between OMUs. However, behaviors such as holding waist, squeezing into, opening mouth, and kissing back only performed by individuals within the same OMU. These results indicate that members in OMUs are closer to each other than individuals between OMUs be. Each OMU might be, to some extent, a socially integrated unit. No difference was found in frequency of affiliative behaviors occurred in breeding and nonbreeding season. Key words : Rhinopithecus roxellana ; Provisioned group ;Affiliative behaviors ; The Shennongjia Nature Reserve, [1,2 ], ( Macaca f ascicularis) ( M1silenus), [3 ],, ( M1 mulatta), [4],, (Lemur catta) [5 ] ( M1sinica) [6 ], ( Pan paniscus), [7 ], ( M1 thibetana) [8 ], [9 ] ( M1 maurus) [10 ],3 : [11 ] [12 ] [13 ], [14 ], [15 ], [16 ], ( Rhinopithecus roxellana), [17 ], (one2male unit,omu), (all2male unit, AMU) [17 ] [2,17 19 ],, 8, [2 ], 11,8 [17 ] [19 ], 18, :,,, [17 ],,,, 1 ( E, N, m), [20 ] 3 (OMU) 1 (AMU) 14,, 8,1,2,2 ; 16,, 7,5, 3 ; 7,, 3,3 ; 8,, 5, 2,1

3 3 : 45 1 Table 1 Unit composition and individual names of Rhinopithecus roxellana in a provisioned group Age classes Adult male Adult female Sub2adult Young Juvenile Bai Tou Unit Hong Tou Unit Chang Mao Unit All2Male Unit Bai Tou Hong Tou Chang Mao Yi Zuo Mao Da Yang Xiao Yang Hong Lian Da Dan Xiao Wei Ba Da Da Ni Ni Tuan Tuan Huan Huan Ying Ying Duan Wei Ba Long Long ( ) Wu Feng ( ) Xiao Li (1 ) No Name Guang Pi Lao Ni Hu Hu Huan Huan Qu Qu Yin Yin Bao Bao ( ) Hui Hui ( ) Dou Dou ( ) Tian Tian (2 ) No Names Jun Jun Ju Zi Hua Zi (2,1 ) No Names Xiao Xin Bo Bo Niu Niu Infant (1,1 ) No Names (2,1 ) No Names 45 ( 1) 80 m 2, ( Prunus persica) ( Malus pumila) ( Daucus carota) ( Arachis hypogaea) ( Lichen usneae) 200 g,100 g 5 :30 10 :00 13 :30 17 :30, 8 :00 12 :00 16 :30, 4 6 m ( ,,), 92 d, 115 h 115 h, 270 h 5 :30 6 :15 10 :00 10 :45 13 :30 14 :15 17 :30 18 :15, 8 :00 9 :00 12 :00 13 :00 16 :30 17 :30,11,,9 [2,17 ], 2 [19 ], [21 ] 3 5 [17 ], P < , ( 2), ;,

4 46 Chinese Journal of Zoology 44 Behaviors 2 Table 2 Frequency of affiliative behaviors of Rhinopithecus roxellana in a provisioned group ( n) Total times ( Πh) Frequency (Mean SE,timesΠh) Allo2grooming Embracing Playing Opening mouth Non2sexual mounting Kissing back Approaching Following Contact sitting Holding waist Squeezing into , 46, % ; 138, %, OMU 55, %,AMU 83, % ; 139, %(OMU AMU) ( 2 = 11892, df = 1, P = 01142) 125, %, OMU 38, %,AMU 87, % ; 152, %, (OMU AMU) ( 2 = 11309, df = 1, P = 01281),,, OMU : ( 2 = , df = 3, P = 01001) ; AMU : ( 2 = 91074, df = 3, P = 01028), OMU : ( 2 = , df = 3, P = 01004) ; AMU : ( 2 = , df = 3, P = 01012) ( 3), 3 ( %) Table 3 Percentages of affiliative behaviors among different age2classes of Rhinopithecus roxellana in a provisioned group OMU AMU Adult Sub2adult Young Juvenile Adult Sub2adult Young Juvenile Initiator Recipient This research only calculated the case of affiliative behavior initiated or received by individuals in the same age group , ,147, 197 OMU,81,176, AMU ;45, 15 ( 2 = 21972, df = 1, P = 01094) OMU,30 OMU AMU ( 2 3 = 81645, df = 1, P = 01003), 4, [17 ]

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