Άλλες Ονομασίες Cilicia Prima, Cilicia I. Γεωγραφική Θέση southeastern Asia Minor, modern southeastern Turkey. Ιστορική Περιοχή Cilicia

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1 Περίληψη : The Early Byzantine province of Cilicia I in southeastern Asia Minor was established around 400 in lands of Cilicia Pedias around the metropolis Tarsus. Τhe region was occupied by the Arabs in the 8 th century. Άλλες Ονομασίες Cilicia Prima, Cilicia I Γεωγραφική Θέση southeastern Asia Minor, modern southeastern Turkey Ιστορική Περιοχή Cilicia Διοικητική Υπαγωγή Diocese of Oriens 1. Establishment Political Geography The Early Byzantine province of Cilicia I of the diocese of Oriens was established by Arkadios ( ) around 400 in the coastal region of southeastern Asia Minor, in the western lands of the province of Cilicia Pedias the metropolis was Tarsus. The province of Cilicia II was established to the east. Cilicia I to the south was washed by the Mediterranean Sea, to the west it bordered the province of Isauria and to the north it bordered the provinces of Cappadocia I and Cappadocia II of the diocese of Pontica. 2. Administration 2.1. Late Antiquity The political and ecclesiastical metropolis of Cilicia I, Tarsus, was the seat of the consularis of the province and the metropolitan of Tarsus. The sources referring to the administration of the empire in the 6 th century report the names of eight cities in this province and, according to the notitia episcopatuum of the Patriarchate of Antioch, the metropolis Tarsus was responsible for the operation of six bishoprics based in the province in the 6 th century. 1 After the Arabs captured in 637/8 Antioch, the seat of the Patriarchate of Antioch, some ecclesiastical seats of Cilicia I came under the Patriarchate of Constantinople Middle Byzantine Period After 669 the lands of Cilicia I came under the jurisdiction of the Anatolikon Theme. Cilicia I included the Cilician Gates, the natural route to the Anatolian Plateau through the Taurus Mountains, a position highly strategic for the defence of central Asia Minor. The gates were built at an altitude of 1050 m and led to the region Podandos, in the province of Cappadocia I. The coastal Cilicia was under the military jurisdiction of the droungos of Kibyrrhaiotai. In 703 the Arabs dominated the region, while towards the mid-8 th century fortification works were carried out in the front zone, which from then onwards was organised as an al thughur. 3. Economy Culture In Late Antiquity Cilicia I was a fertile region with a rich production of linen textiles and increased commercial activity in its densely populated cities. The special geomorphology and the local construction materials contributed to the formation of the local architectural Δημιουργήθηκε στις 2/2/2017 Σελίδα 1/5

2 style found in houses and public and ecclesiastical buildings of Cilicia and Isauria. However, the wider region of the provinces of Cilicia and Isauria in the 4 th century was inhabited by families refusing to abide by the Roman law. The Empire resorted to violence to enforce the Roman order in Cilicia and Isauria, whose inhabitants it perceived as bandits. According to a testimony of the fourth decade of the 7 th century, the wider region of Cilicia was uninhabited. In the same period Arab guards were stationed in the area between Antioch and Tarsus, within the Byzantine territory. 1. Honigmann, E. (ed.), Le Synekdemos d Hiéroklès et l opuscule geographique de Georges de Chypre (Bruxelles 1939), pp. 37, , 61, 62, ; Honigmann, E. (ed.), Studien zur Notititia Antiochena, Byzantinische Zeitschrift 25 (1925), pp , particul. p The recapture of Antioch in 969 restored the administrative status of the Early Byzantine period in the local Church. Βιβλιογραφία : Jones A.H.M., The Cities of the Eastern Roman Provinces, 2, Oxford 1971 Jones A.H.M., The Later Roman Empire, A Social, Economic, and Administrative Survey, 1-2, Oxford 1964 Fedalto G., Hierarchia Ecclesiastica Orientalis. Series Episcoporum Ecclesiarum Christianarum Orientalium II. Patriarchatus Alexandrinus, Antiochenus Hierosolymitanus, Padοva 1988 Hild F., Hellenkemper H., Kilikien und Isaurien, Wien 1990, Tabula Imperii Byzantini 5 Hill S., The Early Byzantine Churches of Cilicia and Isauria, Aldershot 1996, Birmingham Byzantine and Ottoman monographs 1 Βλυσίδου Β., Λουγγής Τ., Λαμπάκης Σ., Σαββίδης Α., Κουντούρα-Γαλάκη Ε., Η Μικρά Ασία των θεμάτων. Έρευνες πάνω στη γεωγραφική φυσιογνωμία και προσωπογραφία των βυζαντινών θεμάτων της Mικράς Aσίας (7ος-11ος αι.), Αθήνα 1998, Eρευνητική Bιβλιοθήκη 1 Shaw B., "Bandit Highlands and Lowland Peace: the Mountais of Isauria-Cilicia", Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 33, 1990, , Santoro A., Byzantium and the Arabs during the Isaurian Period A.D., University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, Michigan 1982 Hild F., Hellenkemper H., Kilikien und Isaurien, Wien 1990, TIB 5 Oikonomides N., "L'organisation de la frontière orientale de Byzance aux Xe-XIe siècles et le Taktikon d Escorial", Berza, M. Stanescu, E. (eds), Actes du XIVe Congrès International des Etudes Byzantines, Rapports I, Bucarest 1974, Foss C., "Cilicia", Kazhdan, A. (ed.), The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium Ι, Oxford New York 1991, Δημιουργήθηκε στις 2/2/2017 Σελίδα 2/5

3 Ramsay W.Μ., The Cities of St. Paul. Τheir Influence on his Life and Thought, London 1907 Bosworth C.E., "The City of Tarsus and the Arab-Byzantine Frontiers in early and middle Abbasid Times", Oriens, XXXIII, 1992, Bosworth C.E., "Tarsus", Bosworth, C.E., van Donza, E., Lewis, B., Pellat, Ch. (eds), Encyclopédie de l Islam, nouvelle édition, vol. 10, Paris 1987 Δικτυογραφία : Atlas antiquus: Cilicia/Kilikien Le Synekdèmos d'hiéroclès et l'opuscule géographique de Georges de Chypre, Bruxelles 1939: charted are the lands of: Europe, Asia Minor, Near East Notitia Dignitatum Γλωσσάριo : al thughur Arabian term, rendered in the Byzantine sources as stomion, mean. the front. It refers to a vast, uninhabited region of Syria and Mesopotamia, of strategic importance, which offered opperational support to the castle zone (al awasim). consularis Provincial governor. According to the later roman and the early byzantine administrative organisation, the provinciae consulariae belonged to the jurisdinction of the consuli and later the consularii (consularis, vir clarissimus as far as the senatoral rank is concerned). The dignity of consularios had been an administrative innovation of Constantine I, relating to the exercise of the politcal authority. droungos (drungus) Intitially, the droungos was a military unit, best suitable for ambush. It survived as a term of the Byzantine administration and military organisation, denoting various things. 1. A military unit of the thematic army, smaller than a tourma but larger than bandon; early on it was aforce of 1000 men and later on of around From the 12th C. onwards, the term appears to denote mountain ranges in Attica, Laconia and Epirus; thus as a synonym of the term zugos. 3. in the Late Byzantine period (13th-14th C.) it designates a military unit in a mountainous area. Notitia episcopatuum The Notitiae episcopatuum are official documents of the Patriarchate of Constantinople and Antioch, containing the ecclesiastical dioceses in hierarchical order.these documents were modfied regularly. Πηγές A.H.M. Jones (ed.), The Verona List The Notitiae Dignitatum, Appendix III: Dioceses and Provinces, in Jones A.H.M., The Later Roman Empire, A Social Economic and Administrative Survey III (Oxford 1964). Honigmann, E. (ed.), Le Synekdemos d Hieroklès et l opuscule geographique de Georges de Chypre (Bruxelles 1939), pp. 37, , 61, 62, Honigmann, E. (ed.), Studien zur Notititia Antiochena, Byzantinische Zeitschrift 25 (1925), pp , particul. p. 73. Schöll, R. (ed.), Corpus Iuris Civillis v. tertium: Novellae (Dublin, Zürich ). Darrouzès, J. (ed.), Notitiae episcopatuum Ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae (Paris 1981). Pertusi, A. (ed.), Constantino Porphyrogenito, De Thematibus (Studi e Testi 160, Citta del Vaticano 1952). Δημιουργήθηκε στις 2/2/2017 Σελίδα 3/5

4 Mc Geer, Er. Nesbitt, J. Oikonomides, N. (+) (ed.), Catalogue of Byzantine Seals at Dumbarton Oaks and in the Fogg Museum of Art, 4: the East (DORLC, Washington D.C. 2001). Zacos, G. Veglery, A. (ed.), Byzantine Lead Seals I (Basel 1972). Παραθέματα 1. The contributions of the praeses of Cilicia I to the benefit of the imperial officials in Justinian I s years ( ): Aπό του άρχοντος Kιλικίας I ούτως τοις περιβλέπτοις χαρτουλαρίοις τρισί του θείου κουβουκλείου νομ.(ίσματα) θ (= 9) τω πριμικηρίω των λαμπροτάτων τριβούνων νοταρίων νομ.(ίσματα) κδ (= 24) τω αυτώ βοηθώ νομ.(ίσματα) γ (= 3) τη τάξει των ενδοξοτάτων επάρχων υπέρ προστάγματος νομ.(ίσματα) μ (= 40) Schöll, R. (ed.), Corpus Iuris Civillis v. tertium: Novellae (Dublin, Zürich ), p The ecclesiastical seats of Cilicia I, according to the notitia episcopatuum of the Patriarchate of Antioch: ο Tαρσού, υπόκεινται αυτώ επίσκοποι ς α. ο Aδάνων. β. ο Σεβαστής. γ. ο Πομπηιουπόλεως. δ. ο Mαλλών. ε. ο Aυγούστης. ς. ο Kουρίκου Honigmann, E. (ed.), Studien zur Notititia Antiochena, Byzantinische Zeitschrift 25 (1925), p. 73. Βοηθ. Κατάλογοι The cities of Cilicia, according to Hierokles Synekdemos: Tarsus Pompeiopolis Sebaste Korykos Adana Augusta Mallos Zephyrion Δημιουργήθηκε στις 2/2/2017 Σελίδα 4/5

5 Honigmann, E. (ed.), Le Synekdemos d Hieroklès et l opuscule géographique de Georges de Chypre (Bruxelles 1939), pp. 37, Δημιουργήθηκε στις 2/2/2017 Σελίδα 5/5

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