Γεωγραφική Θέση Southeastern Asia Minor, modern south-central Turkey. Ιστορική Περιοχή Isauria

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1 Περίληψη : The metropolis of Seleukeia was situated in Isauria and was initially under the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Antioch. It came under the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Constantinople from the 7 th until the 10 th century. In 969, however, it returned to the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Antioch. It was represented in all the Ecumenical Councils. Γεωγραφική Θέση Southeastern Asia Minor, modern south-central Turkey Ιστορική Περιοχή Isauria Διοικητική Υπαγωγή Patriarchate of Antioch, Patriarchate of Constantinople 1. The church The Church of Seleukeia is recorded as a bishopric since the 4 th century. 1 It was promoted to a metropolis under the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Antioch in the 5 th century. No less than 33 bishoprics of the ecclesiastical province of Isauria were under the jurisdiction of the metropolis of Seleukeia. In the 7 th century, due to the conquest of Antioch by the Arabs, the metropolis came under the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Nevertheless, in 969, the year of the Byzantine recapture of Antioch, it returned to the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Antioch. From 1175 until 1199, there was also an Armenian bishopric in Seleukeia. The metropolis of Seleukeia is recorded until the end of the 14 th century. It seems, however, that the metropolis faced several problems during that late period, probably due to the conquest of the city by the Mamluks, the Muslim rulers of Egypt. 2 Many of its bishoprics were part of the Karamanid emirate, a fact which made the work of the metropolis hard. 2. The persons The first known bishop of Seleukeia is Agapios, who participated in the First Ecumenical Council of Nicaea, while the first known metropolitan is Dexianus, who participated in the Third Ecumenical Council of Ephesos in 431. The church of Seleukeia was represented in all the Ecumenical Councils, even the one named ʺRobber Council of Ephesosʺ (Latrocinium Ephesinum) in 449. The most dominant figure in the middle of the 5 th century was that of metropolitan and important ecclesiastical writer Basil of Seleukeia, who occupied the metropolitan throne from 440 until some time after 468. The names of no less than six bishops and seventeen metropolitans are known, while five seals of the metropolitans of Seleukeia survive, dating from the 8 th until the 11 th century. 3. The ideas Δημιουργήθηκε στις 9/1/2017 Σελίδα 1/7

2 Due to its proximity to and its contacts with Syria, the church of Seleukeia often supported heretical views during the early Byzantine period. During the 4 th century, the bishopric of Seleukeia was an important bulwark of Arianism. In 359 a council of Arian bishops was held in the city, declaring their support to the Arian principles of the council of Antioch in 341. Metropolitan and scholar Basil of Seleukeia was one of the protagonists of the theological disputes on Monophysitism. Although he supported Monophysitism at the Robber Council of Ephesos in 449, he joined the Orthodox party at the Fourth Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon in 451. In the 6 th century, the metropolis of Seleukeia was constantly well disposed towards Monophysitism and no less than four Monophysite metropolitans occupied its throne. At the same time, an Orthodox metropolitan, who represented Seleukeia at the Fifth Ecumenical Council of Constantinople in 553, is also recorded. Nevertheless, following the 7 th century, when the metropolis of Seleukeia came under the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Constantinople, only orthodox metropolitans are recorded in Seleukeia. 1. Honigmann, E. (ed.), La liste originale des pères de Nicée (A propos de l évêché de Sodoma: en Arabie), Byzantion 14 (1939), pp , esp In 1394 metropolitan Theodotos of Seleukeia attempted to occupy the metropolis of Attaleia illegally, probably due to his failure to occupy the throne of Seleukeia: Miklosich, F. Muller, J. (eds.), Acta et Diplomata graeca medii aevi sacra et profana II (Vindobonae ), pp See also Vryonis, S., The Decline of Medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor and the Process of Islamization from the Eleventh through the Fifteenth Century (Berkeley - Los Angeles, California 1971), p Βιβλιογραφία : Fedalto G., Hierarchia Ecclesiastica Orientalis. Series Episcoporum Ecclesiarum Christianarum Orientalium II. Patriarchatus Alexandrinus, Antiochenus Hierosolymitanus, Padοva 1988 Hild F., Hellenkemper H., Kilikien und Isaurien, Wien 1990, Tabula Imperii Byzantini 5 Honigmann E., Évêques et évêchés monophysites d'asie antérieure au VIe siècle, Louvain 1951 Beck H.-G., Kirche und theologische Litteratur im Byzantinischen Reich, München 1959 Vryonis S., The Decline of Medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor and the Process of Islamization from the Eleventh through the Fifteenth Century, Berkeley Los Angeles London 1971 Γλωσσάριo : Fifth Ecumenical Council (Constantinople, 553) The Fifth Ecumenical Council assembled at Constanitnople in 553, in order to reformulise the chistian doctrine on the issue of the nature of Jesus Christ and to renounce the heretic convictions of nestorianism and monofysitsm. Fourth Ecumenical Council (Chalcedon, 451) Δημιουργήθηκε στις 9/1/2017 Σελίδα 2/7

3 The Fourth Ecumenical Council assembled in 451 at Chalcedon in order to retract the interpetation of the council of Ephesus (449) on the nature of Jesus Christe. Karamanid emirate The Karamanid emirate was established in early 14 th c. in the central and southeast Asia Minor. It comprised territories until Lycaonia and Cilicia. Iconium was its capital. The Karamanids were temporarily pushed back by the Mongol khan of Persia Ulajtu, an ally of Andronikos II against the Turkmen. After Ulajtu's death in 1316, the emirate grew into a considerable power. It was assimilated into the Ottoman empire in the second half of the 15 th century. Robber Council (Latrocinium) of Ephesus (449) The Council of 449 in Ephesus, known as «Robber Council», had been convoked by Emperor Theodosios II as an Ecumenical one, but because of its problematic and controversial proceedings it was not recognized as such by the next Council. Under the presidency of Patriarch Dioscorus of Alexandreia, the Council absolved Archimandrite Eutyches, who had been excommunicated for his Monophysite beliefs. But the 449 Council was repudiated by the Fourth Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon (451), which marked the definite condemnation of Monophysicism. Πηγές Honigmann, E. (ed.), La liste originale des pères de Nicée (A propos de l évêché de Sodoma: en Arabie), Byzantion 14 (1939), pp Honigmann, E. (ed.), Studien zur Notitia Antiochena, Byzantinische Zeitschrift 25 (1925), pp Εκκλησιαστικά Τακτικά, Darrouzès, J. (ed.), Notitiae episcopatuum Ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae (Géographie ecclésiastique de l empire byzantin 1, Paris 1981). Laurent, V. (ed.), Le Corpus des sceaux de l empire byzantin V: L église (Paris 1966), pl.189, nos. 1544, 1545 (seals of metropolitans of Seleucia) Miklosich, F. Müller, J. (eds.), Acta et Diplomata graeca medii aevi sacra et profana (Vindobonae ). Σωκράτης, Εκκλησιαστική ιστορία (Socrates Scholasticus, Historia Ecclesiastica), in Migne, J. P. (ed.), Patrologiae cursus completus, Series Greca 67 (Paris ). Παραθέματα 1. Reference to the Council of Seleukeia (359): Oυ δε τούτου αρέσαντος, εις Σελεύκειαν της Iσαυρίας, την επικαλουμένην Τραχείαν συνεληλύθασι. Tούτο δε εν τω αυτώ ενιαυτώ πεποιήκασιν, υπατευόντων Eυσεβίου και Yπατίου. Ήσαν δε οι συνελθόντες τον αριθμόν εκατόν εξήκοντα. Σωκράτης, Εκκλησιαστική ιστορία (Socrates, Historia Ecclesiastica), Migne, J. P. (ed.), Patrologiae cursus completus, Series Greca 67 (Paris ), col Inscription on a seal of a metropolitan of Seleukeia, 11th c. Σελευκείας Iωάννην ποιμένα, Θεόδωρε, σκέπε Laurent, V. (ed.), Le Corpus des sceaux de l empire byzantin, V: L église (Paris 1966), no Χρονολόγιο 325: The first known bishop of Seleukeia participates in the First Ecumenical Council of Nicaea Δημιουργήθηκε στις 9/1/2017 Σελίδα 3/7

4 359: A council of Arian bishops is held in Seleukeia 381: Seleukeia is represented in the Second Ecumenical Council of Constantinople 5 th c.: Seleukeia is promoted to a metropolis 431: Seleukeia is represented in the Third Ecumenical Council of Ephesus Middle of the 5 th c.: Theologian and ecclesiastical writer Basil occupies the metropolitan throne of Seleukeia 449: Seleukeia is represented in the Robber Council of Ephesus 451: Seleukeia is represented in the Fourth Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon 6 th c.: Monophysite metropolitans occupy the metropolitan throne of Seleukeia 553: Seleukeia is represented in the Fifth Ecumenical Council of Constantinople 7 th c.: The metropolis of Seleukeia comes under the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Constantinople 680/681: Seleukeia is represented in the Sixth Ecumenical Council of Constantinople 691/692: Seleukeia is represented in the Quinisext Ecumenical Council of Constantinople 787: Seleukeia is represented in the Seventh Ecumenical Council of Constantinople Some time after 969: The metropolis of Seleukeia returns under the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Antioch 1175: Establishment of the Armenian bishopric of Seleukeia 1199: Abolition of the Armenian bishopric of Seleukeia 14 th c.: The metropolis of Seleukeia faces several problems due to the conquest of the city by the Mamluks End of the 14 th c.: Last mention of the metropolis of Seleukeia in the sources Βοηθ. Κατάλογοι 1. List of the bishops and metropolitans of Seleukeia a. The bishops Agapios ( ) Neo ( ) Symposios (or Olympios) (381) Δημιουργήθηκε στις 9/1/2017 Σελίδα 4/7

5 Samos (end of the 4 th beginning of the 5 th century) Maximus (end of the 4 th beginning of the 5 th century) Dositheos (end of the 4 th beginning of the 5 th century) b. The metropolitans Dexianus (431) Basil ( ) John (2 nd half of the 5 th century) Porphyrios (2 nd half of the 5 th century) Constantine (Monophysite) (512) Solon (Monophysite) ( ) Stephen (Monophysite) ( , 532) Theodore (553) Eugenios (Monophysite) ( ) Makrobios ( ) Theodore (787) Andronikos (8 th 9 th century) Julian (10 th century) John (11 th century) Niketas (11 th century) Gerasimos (1241) Theodotos (1394) According to Fedalto, G., Hierarchia Ecclesiastica Orientalis. Series Episcoporum Ecclesiarum Christianarum Orientalium II: Patriarchatus Alexandrinus, Antiochenus, Hierosolymitanus (Padua 1988). 2. List of bishoprics under the jurisdiction of the metropolis of Seleukeia Δημιουργήθηκε στις 9/1/2017 Σελίδα 5/7

6 bishopric of Adrasos bishopric of Anemourion bishopric of Antioch on the Kragos bishopric of Arsinoe bishopric of Germanikoupolis bishopric of Dalisandos bishopric of Diocaesarea bishopric of Dometioupolis bishopric of Eirenoupolis bishopric of Zenonopolis bishopric of Iouliosebaste bishopric of Iotape bishopric of Kardabounde bishopric of Kelenderis bishopric of Kestron bishopric of Claudioupolis bishopric of Kodaka bishopric of Koropissos bishopric of Kotrada bishopric of Lamos bishopric of Lauzados bishopric of Meloe bishopric of Mousbada bishopric of Neapolis bishopric of Nephelion Δημιουργήθηκε στις 9/1/2017 Σελίδα 6/7

7 bishopric of Olbe bishopric of Prakana bishopric of Sbide bishopric of Selinous bishopric of Sibyle bishopric of Titioupolis bishopric of Philadelphia bishopric of Charadros According to Fedalto, G., Hierarchia Ecclesiastica Orientalis. Series Episcoporum Ecclesiarum Christianarum Orientalium II: Patriarchatus Alexandrinus, Antiochenus, Hierosolymitanus (Padua 1988). Δημιουργήθηκε στις 9/1/2017 Σελίδα 7/7