Γεωγραφική Θέση Southwestern Asia Minor, modern southwestern Turkey. Ιστορική Περιοχή Lycia. Διοικητική Υπαγωγή Diocese of Asiana

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1 Περίληψη : The early byzantine province of Lycia of the diocese of Asiana was established at the time of Constantine I in southwestern Asia Minor. Myra became its metropolis at the time of Thedosius II. The ports of Lycia served as centres of transit trade. During the Middle Byzantine period, its lands came under the jurisdiction of the themes of Anatolikon and Kibyrrhaiotai. Γεωγραφική Θέση Southwestern Asia Minor, modern southwestern Turkey Ιστορική Περιοχή Lycia Διοικητική Υπαγωγή Diocese of Asiana 1. Establishment Administration The byzantine province of Lycia was established at the time of Constantine I (306/ AD) on the western lands of the Roman/early Byzantine province of Lycia and Pamphylia, with Myra as its metropolis, 1 seat of the praeses at first and the consularis later of the province, as well as the metropolis of Myra. It belonged to the diocese of Asiana. Its eastern part became the province of Pamphylia, with Perge as its metropolis. During the Middle Byzantine period, the lands of the province of Lycia came under the jurisdiction of the kaballarikon theme of Anatolikon from 669 AD onwards, while the coastal zone came under the jurisdiction of the naval theme of Kibyrrhaiotai from 719/20 AD onwards. 2. Political geography Economy The province of Lycia was situated south of the province of Caria, washed by the Mediterranean sea. Its lands were rocky and mountainous but its location provided control over maritime transportations throughout history. It did not produce any small industry or agricultural products, with the exception of the fertile plains of Telmessos and Xanthos. However, there were many small towns and ports, with Olympos and Phaselis as the most important, through which the trade of the european provinces and Rome itself with the East was conducted Cities In the records of the First Ecumenical Council of Nicaea in 325 AD, one see has been registered in Lycia, in the city of Patara. In Hierocles Synecdemos, compiled in the 1 st quarter of the 6 th cent. AD, no less than 34 cities have been registered in the province of Lycia. In the first notitia episcopatuum of the Patriarchate of Constantinople, providing information on the ecclesiastical administration from the 7 th until the 10 th cent. AD, 35 bishoprics are mentioned. 4. History The coastal cities of the province and their outskirts prospered during the 4 th, 5 th and particularly 6 th cent. AD, as registered by the discovery of coins, etc. Around the middle of the 6 th cent. AD, Lycia was hit by the epidemic of the bubonic plague. Some cities, such as Myra, lost the majority of their citizens. The persian raids in the 1 st quarter of the 7 th cent. AD resulted in the destruction of crops, settlements and urban infrastructures. The first arab raid in the province dates back to 655 AD. The prosperity of the Δημιουργήθηκε στις 27/9/2017 Σελίδα 1/7

2 population of Lycia came to an abrupt halt due to the systematic piracy of the Arabs. As a result, many coastal cities were abandoned and those that survived were transformed into fortresses. 1. It is believed that Myra became the metropolis of Lycia at the time of Theodosius II ( AD); see Foss, C., Cities and Villages of Lykia in the Life of St. Nicholas of Holy Zion, in Foss, C. (ed.), Cities, Fortresses and Villages of Byzantine Asia Minor (Variorum Reprints Collected Studies III, London 1996), pp , ibid p. 314 and note nr. 32. On Myra as a metropolis in an earlier period, see Foss op. cit. and Hellenkemper, H. - Hild, F., Lykien und Pamphylien (Tabula Imperii Byzantini 8, Vienna 2004), appendix 1, p In Hierocles Synecdemos Myra as a metropolis is registered in the twelfth place. The city of Phaselis is registered in the first place; see Συνέκδημος Ιεροκλή, Honigmann, E. (ed.), Le Synecdemos d Hierocles et l opuscule geographique de Georges de Chypre (Brussels 1939), p. 31, On the location of the province of Lycia see also Καραγιαννόπουλος, Ιω., Χάρτες πρωίμου βυζαντινής περιόδου ( ) (Thessaloniki 1991), map nr. 9, nrs. 7-17: The diocese of Asia, nr. 11: The province of Lycia. Βιβλιογραφία : Fedalto G., Hierarchia Ecclesiastica Orientalis 1: Patriarchatus Constantinopolitanus Series Episcoporum Ecclesiarum Christianarum Orientalium, Padova 1988 Jones A.H.M., The Later Roman Empire, A Social, Economic, and Administrative Survey, 1-2, Oxford 1964 Harrison M., Mountain and Plain: from the Lykian Coast to the Phrygian Plateau in the Late Roman and Early Byzantine Period, Michigan 2001 Foss C., "Lykia in History", Foss, C. (ed.), Cities, Fortresses and Villages of Byzantine Asia Minor, Aldershot 1996, Variorum Reprints Collected Studies, I Foss C., "Lykia", Kazhdan, A. (ed.), The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium II, Oxford New York 1991, Hild, F. - Hellenkemper, H. (ed.), Lykien und Pamphylien, Wien 2004, TIB 8 Foss C., "The Lycian coast in the Byzantine Age", Cities, Fortresses and Villages of Byzantine Asia Minor, London 1996, Variorum Reprints Collected Studies, II, 1-52 Foss C., "Cities and Villages of Lykia in the Life of St. Nicholas of Holy Zion", Foss C. (ed.), Cities, Fortresses and Villages of Byzantine Asia Minor, London 1996, Variorum Reprints Collected Studies, III, Ruge W., "Lykia", RE 3, Stuttgart 1927 Jameson S., "Lykia", RE Suppl. 13, Stuttgart 1973 Δικτυογραφία : Le Synekdèmos d'hiéroclès et l'opuscule géographique de Georges de Chypre, Bruxelles 1939: charted are the lands of: Europe, Asia Minor, Near East Δημιουργήθηκε στις 27/9/2017 Σελίδα 2/7

3 Notitia Dignitatum Γλωσσάριo : consularis Provincial governor. According to the later roman and the early byzantine administrative organisation, the provinciae consulariae belonged to the jurisdinction of the consuli and later the consularii (consularis, vir clarissimus as far as the senatoral rank is concerned). The dignity of consularios had been an administrative innovation of Constantine I, relating to the exercise of the politcal authority. kaballarikon thema (lit. «equestrian theme»). The term occurs in the Byzantine sources from the Middle Byzantine period on, and designates the thematic armies, not referring to any administrative division or theme in particular. The name implies that the soldiers forming the regiments were equestrian (kaballarikon<equus caballus); however, the term was used to designate the army corps in general, equestrian and common foot soldiers alike. Notitia episcopatuum The Notitiae episcopatuum are official documents of the Patriarchate of Constantinople and Antioch, containing the ecclesiastical dioceses in hierarchical order.these documents were modfied regularly. praeses Provincial governor. According to the later roman and the eraly byzantine administrative organisation, the praeses (praeses, vir perfectissimus as far as the senatorial rank is concerned) served as a governor in certain provinces, expressly intented to exercise political autority. Πηγές Laterculus Veronensis Notitia Dignitatum, Jones, A.H.M. (ed.), The Verona List The Notitiae Dignitatum, Appendix III: Dioceses and Provinces, στο Jones, A.H.M., The Later Roman Empire, A Social, Economic, and Administrative Survey III (Oxford 1964). Honigmann, E. (ed.), Le Synekdèmos d Hiéroklès et l opuscule géographique de Georges de Chypre (Bruxelles 1939), p. 31. Honigmann, E. (ed.), La liste originale des pères de Nicée (A propos de l evêché de Sodoma: en Arabie), Byzantion 14 (1939), pp Darrouzès, J. (ed.), Notitiae episcopatuum Ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae (Paris 1981). Oikonomidès, N. (ed.), Les listes de préséance byzantines des IXe et Xe siècles (CNRS, Paris 1972). Schöll, R. (ed.), Corpus Iuris Civilis v. tertium: Novellae (Dublin Zürich ). Pertusi, A. (ed.), Constantino Porphyrogennito, De Thematibus (Studi e Testi 160, Città del Vaticano 1952). Zacos, G. Veglery, A. (eds), Byzantine Lead Seals I (Basel 1972). Παραθέματα 1. Two praeses of Lycia: a. Αὐρήλιος Φλάβιος Φαυστεῖνος, ἡγεμὼν διασημότατος ( ) b. Φλάβιος Κλαύδιος Σπουδ(άσιος), Μαρκειανὸς, λαμπρότατος καὶ θαυμασιότατος ἡγεμὼν (αρχές 5ου αι.) Hellenkemper, H. Hild, F., Lykien und Pamphylien (Tabula Imperii Byzantini 8, Wien 2004), appendix 1, p Δημιουργήθηκε στις 27/9/2017 Σελίδα 3/7

4 2. The contribution of the governor of Lycia for the benefit of the imperial dignitaries under Justinian I ( ): Aπό του άρχοντος Λυκίας ούτως τοις περιβλέπτοις χαρτουλαρίοις τρισί του θείου κουβουκλείου νομ.(ίσματα) θ (= 9) τω πριμικηρίω των λαμπροτάτων τριβούνων νοταρίων νομ.(ίσματα) κδ (= 24) τω αυτώ βοηθώ νομ.(ίσματα) γ (= 3) τη τάξει των ενδοξοτάτων επάρχων υπέρ προστάγματος νομ.(ίσματα) μ (= 40)» Schöll, R. (ed.), Corpus Iuris Civilis v. tertium: Novellae (Dublin Zürich ), p. 85. Βοηθ. Κατάλογοι 1. The bishoprics of Lycia according to the minutes of the First Ecumenical Council of Nicaea (325 AD): Patara Honigmann, E. (ed.), La liste originale des peres de Nicee (A propos de l eveche de Sodoma: en Arabie), Byzantion 14 (1939), pp The cities of Lycia according to Hierocles Synecdemos (6 th cent. AD): Phaselis Olympos Gagai Corydalla Akalessos Edebessos Limyra Arykanda Podaleia Choma regeon of Milyas Myra Arneai Kyaneai Aperlai Δημιουργήθηκε στις 27/9/2017 Σελίδα 4/7

5 Phellos Antiphellos Candyba Eudokias Patara Xanthos Komba Neisa Pinara Sidyma Tlos Telmessos Caunus Araxa Boubon Oionanda [Oinoanda?] Balboura kome of Mastaura Συνέκδημος Ιεροκλή, Honigmann, E. (ed.), Le Synecdemos d Hierocles et l opuscule geographique de Georges de Chypre (Brussels 1939), p. 31 onwards. 3. The bishoprics of Lycia according to the notitia episcopatuum of Constantinople nr. 1 (7 th cent. AD): Myra Mastaura Telmessos Limyra Araxa Δημιουργήθηκε στις 27/9/2017 Σελίδα 5/7

6 Aprilla Podaleia Orykanda Tata Arnea Sidyma Zenounopolis Olympos Tlos Korydalla Caunus Akrassos Xanthos Bobos Markiane Oinounda [Oinoynda?] Choma Phellos Antiphellos Phaselis Rodiapolis Akalessos Lebessos Akanda Palaiotai Euphokias Δημιουργήθηκε στις 27/9/2017 Σελίδα 6/7

7 Patara Komba Nysa Balboura Meloeta Kyanea Darrouzes, J. (ed.), Notitiae episcopatuum Ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae (Paris 1981). Δημιουργήθηκε στις 27/9/2017 Σελίδα 7/7