From foe to friend: Using animal toxins to investigate ion channel function

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1 From foe to friend: Using animal toxins to investigate ion channel function Jeet Kalia, Mirela Milescu, Juan Salvatierra, Jordan Wagner, Julie K. Klint, Glenn F. King, Baldomero M. Olivera, Frank Bosmans PII: S (14) DOI: doi: /j.jmb Reference: YJMBI To appear in: Journal of Molecular Biology Received date: 6 June 2014 Revised date: 18 July 2014 Accepted date: 18 July 2014 Please cite this article as: Kalia, J., Milescu, M., Salvatierra, J., Wagner, J., Klint, J.K., King, G.F., Olivera, B.M. & Bosmans, F., From foe to friend: Using animal toxins to investigate ion channel function, Journal of Molecular Biology (2014), doi: /j.jmb This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

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51 Animal Species Toxin Target (Putative) binding site Conus geographus ω-conotoxin GVIA Ca v channels Pore Cone snail Conus magus ω-conotoxin Ca v channels Pore MVIIA Conus magus α-conotoxin MII nachr α3/α6 subunit Dinoflagellate Various Saxitoxin Na v /K v channels 1 Pore dinoflagellates/cyanobacteria (STX) Fish/octopus Produced by symbiotic Tetrodotoxin Na v channels Pore bacteria (TTX) Leiurus quinquestriatus Charybdotoxin K v channels Pore (CTX) Leiurus quinquestriatus Agitoxin2 K v channels Pore Leiurus quinquestriatus LqTX Na v channels Voltage sensor Androctonus australis Hector AaHII Na v channels Voltage Scorpion sensor Tityus serrulatus Ts3 Na v channels Voltage sensor Centruroides suffusus suffusus CssII Na v channels Voltage sensor Parabuthus transvaalicus Kurtoxin Ca v /Na v channels Voltage Sea anemone Spider sensor Anemonia sulcata BDS-I Na v /K v channels (Voltage sensor) Stichodactyla helianthus ShK K v channels Pore Grammostola rosea Hanatoxin (1/2) Grammostola rosea ω- grammotoxin SIA K v /Na v /Ca v channels Ca v /K v channels Voltage sensor Voltage sensor Thrixopelma pruriens ProTx-I Na v /K v /Ca v channels/trpa1 Voltage sensor Thrixopelma pruriens ProTx-II Na v /Ca v channels Voltage sensor Stromatopelma calceatum griseipes SGTx1 K v /Na v channels Voltage sensor Chilobrachys guangxiensis JZTX-I Na v /K v channels Voltage sensor Macrothele gigas spider Magi5 Na v channels (Voltage sensor) Haplopelma huwenum HWTX-IV Na v channels Voltage sensor Agelenopsis aperta ω-agatoxin IVA Ca v channels Voltage sensor Hysterocrates gigas SNX482 Ca v channels Voltage sensor Psalmopoeus cambridgei Vanillotoxins TRPV1 (Voltage sensor) Haplopelma huwenum DkTx TRPV1 Pore

52 Grammostola rosea GsMTx-4 TRPA1/Mechanosensitive channels (Pore) Table 1: Overview of toxins discussed in this review Shown is the organism in which the toxin is found as well as its primary molecular target(s) and binding site(s). Putative binding sites are indicated in parentheses. Note that although tetrodotoxin is found in numerous venomous animals (e.g., pufferfish and blue-ringed octopus); it is actually produced by symbiotic bacteria (largely Pseudoalteromonas, Pseudomonas and Vibrio species). Spider names are from 1 See Ref. 210.

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