A`n-apJw ]- n-a-l- ta-j-e-bn-se 38 Fw.-]n-am A-Xn ]-s -Sp-Øp KmUvKn dnt m ns\ H p-a-dn-bmsx ]n p-w- -X Km-Uv-Kn IΩn n dnt m ns\ A\p-Iq-en -Xns t]cn Gsd FXn p-iƒ t\cn-ts- n-h-cp-ibpw sxc-s -Sp- n a -cn- p- -Xn-\p Ah-kcw t]mepw \jvs-s -Sp-Ibpw snbvxp CSp n ap Fw.-]n ]n.-sn. txma-kn-\v. Ce- -s\-øp-tºmƒ \ne-]m-sp-iƒ thm n\v th n ab-s -Sp-Øp cmjv{sob AShp\bw [oc-ambn ths v h v At±lw ÿm\-xymkøn\v Xøm-dm-bn. lrz-b-i-kv{x- {In-bsb XpS v Xriq-cnse _ p-h-k-xn-bn hn{i-an- sh KmUvKn dnt m n-s\- p-dn v ]d- - Imcy-ß-fn ASn-bp-d- p-\n- -Xns ImcW-߃ At±lw tic-fo-b-hp-ambn ] ph- p. ]n.-sn. txmakv/ tic-fobw ]- n-a-l- kw-c- -W-Øn-s Im-cy-Øn Xm- -sf-sp-ø \n-e-]m-sv ti-c-f-øn-s `m-hn-sb kw-_- n- v h-f-sc kp-{]-[m-\-am-b H- m-wv. F- m A-Ø-c-Øn Km-Uv-Kn dn-t m - n-\v A-\p- Iq-e-am-b H-cp \n-e-]m-sv ssis m- -Xn-s t]- cn Xm- ƒ _-en-bm-sm- -s -Sp-I-bm-Wp- m-b-xv. ]- n-bpw ]m - n-bpw Xm- -sf X- n- -d- p. A-htl-f-\-ß-sf-bpw B-tcm-Ky-{]-iv-\-ß-sf-bpw t\-cnts- n-h- p. C-t mƒ B-tem-Nn- p-tºmƒ \n-cm-i txm- p- p-t m? H-cn- -ep-an-. F-s \n-e-]m-sv ti-h-ew H-cp F-Sp- Øp-Nm- -tam Im-cy-߃ a-\- n-em- m-sx-bp- hm- Kzm-Z-tam B-bn-cp- n-. Km-Uv-Kn dn-t m - n-s\-xnsc \-S- Im-º-bn-\p-I-fn B-tcm-]n- -s - n-cp- Im-cy-߃ Xo -Øpw h-kv-xp-xm-hn-cp- -am-sw- pw ÿm-]n-x Xm-Xv-]-cy-ß-fm-Wv A-Xn-\v ]n- n-ep- -sx- pw D-d- t_m-[y-ap- -Xn-\m-em-Wv Rm \n-e-]mss-sp-ø-xv. Km-Uv-Kn dn-t m - n-s D- -S- w \- mbn a-\- n-em- n-b ti-jw sim-s m- Xo-cp-am-\-am- W-Xv. Km-Uv-Kn I-Ωn- n dn-t m - v k-a - n- p- -Xn- \v ap-ºv ]- n-a-l- w I-S- p-t]m-ip- {]-tz-i-ß-fnep- ap-gp-h ]m -e-sa v Aw-K-ß-fp-sS-bpw H-cp tbm-kw I-Ωn- n- Aw-K-ß-fp-sS B-`n-ap-Jy-Øn hn-fn- p-tn -Øn-cp- p. A- v kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn \n- p- ]- n-a-l- ta-j-e-bn-se 38 Fw.-]n-am A-Xn ]-s -Sp-Øp. Rm-\pw ]-s -Sp- p-i-bpw F-s A-`n- {]m-b-߃ D- -bn- p-i-bpw sn-bv-xn-cp- p. C-Sp- nbp-ss {]-Xn-\n-[n F- \n-e-bn, a-e-tbm-c-ß-fn-se I -j-i P-\-X-bv- v {]-iv-\-ß-sfm- p-ap- m-i-cp-xv F- Im-cyw Rm {]-txy-iw ]-d- n-cp- p. A-Xns\- mw Km-Uv-Kn k-an-xn Aw-K-߃ hy- -am-b a- dp-]-sn \ -Ip-I-bp- m-bn. B ao- nw-kpw I-gn- v B- dv- -G-gv am-k-øn-\v ti-j-am-wv A-h dn-t m - v sim- Sp- p- -Xv. Km-Uv-Kn dn-t m - n-s\- p-dn- v H- p-a-dnbm-sx ]n- p-w-bv- p-i-bm-bn-cp- n- Rm F- v A-Xp-sIm- m-wv ]-d-bp- -Xv. A- m-cyw C-Sp- n-bn-se P-\-ß-sf t_m-[y-s -Sp- Øm I-gn-bm-sX t]m-bn- p-t m? t_m-[y-s -Sp-Øm Rm {i-an- n-cp- p. ]-s A- hn-ss-bpw t_m-[-]q - w Nn-e {]-iv-\-ß-fp- m- n. Km-Uv-Kn dn-t m - n I -j-i - v k-lm-b-i-am-ip- 41
ssl-td- v kw-c- -W k-an-xn X-s -bm-wv A-Xn-s D-d-hn-Sw F- -Xv I- - -\-bn-se A-\p-`-h-Øn \n- pw hy- -w Im-cy-߃ am-{x-am-wp- -sx- m-wv F- \n- v a-\- n-em-b-xv. A-Xv C-Sp- n-bn-se P- \-ß-fp-am-bn ]- p-h-bv- p- -Xn-\pw A-h - v dn-t m - n-s D- -S- -S-sØ- p-dn- v ]-dbp- -Xv tiƒ- p- -Xn-\p-am-bn I- - -\ Su -lm-fn Rm H-cp ao- nw-kv hn-fn- ptn -Øn-cp- p. Fw.-]n F- \n-e-bn hy- n-]-c-am-b Xm-Xv-]-cy-sa-Sp-Øv kw-l-sn- n- B tbm-k-øn-te- v C-Sp- n-bn-se F- m P-\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-I-sf-bpw I -j-i {]-Xn-\n-[n- I-sf-bpw -Wn- p-i-bpw sn-bv-xn-cp- p. an- -hm-dpw F- m ]- m-b-øv {]-kn-u p-amcpw tªm- v- -Pn- m ]- m-b-øv Aw-K-ß-fpw I -j-i-cpw Dƒ-s -ss A- q-tdm-fw t] ao- nw-kn-s\-øn. ssp-h-ssh-hn-[y t_m -Uv sn-b -am-\m-b D-Ω.hn. D-Ω-s\ dn-t m - ns\- p-dn- v hn-i-zo-i-cn- m-\m-bpw hn-fn- p. A-t±-lw kw-km-cn- p Xp-S-ßn-b-tXm-sS lmfn Iq-Sn-bn-cp- Nn-e _-l-f-ap- m- m Xp-S-ßn. Km-Uv-Kn dn-t m - v a-e-tbm-c I - j-i-sc t{zm-ln- p- -Xn-\p- Kq-Vm-tem-N- \-bm-wv, A-Xn-s\- p-dn- v N - sn-øm k-ω-xn- n- F- p ]-d- m-wv A-h _- l-fw Xp-S-ßn-b-Xv. F- m A-Xv A-h-K- Wn- v R-߃ N - Xp-S-cm {i-an- -txmss _-l-fw Iq-Sn. sh- p-hn-fn-bp-ss kz-c-ønte- v A-Xv am-dn. Km-Uv-Kn dn-t m - n-s\- p-dn- v-kw-km-cn- m sim- p-sa- pw Ip- Øn Ip-S -am-e ]p-d-sø-sp- p-sa- pw A- h B-t{Im-in- p. F- m A-hn-sS- q-snbn-cp- P-\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ X-߃- v Km-Uv- Kn dn-t m - n-s\- p-dn- v A-dn-bm Xm-Xv- ]-cy-ap-s - pw ]-d-bp- -Xv tiƒ- m k- Ω-Xn- -W-sa- pw B-h-iy-s - p. ]-s _- l-fw \n -Øm A-h Iq- m- n-bn-. B- Zyw Rm _-l-f-øn C-S-s]-Sm-sX h-fsc kw-b-a-\-tøm-ss C-cp- p. Km-Uv-Kn dnt m - n-s\- p-dn- v \n-jv-]- -am-bn B-tem- Nn- p- -Xn-\m-Wv tbm-kw hn-fn- n-cn- p- sx- v B-Zyw kw-km-cn- -t mƒ X-s hy- -am- n-b-xm-wv. H-Sp-hn Rm C-S-s]- p. tnm-c- p-g-sbm-gn-in-bm-epw C-hn-sS ao- nw-kv \-S- p-sa- pw C-d-ßn-t m-ti- -h - v t]m- Im-sa- pw ]-d- p. Su lm-fn-s F- m hm-xn-ep-i-fpw Xp-d- n- p. ]n-s -bpw Ip-d- v t\-cw _-l-fw h- n- v A-h C-ßn-t m-bn. A- m-wv {]-iv-\-øn-s Ku-c-hw F-\n- v a-\- n-em-b-xv. _-l-fw h- -h-cn ]-e-scbpw F-\n- -dn-bm-am-bn-cp- p. A-Xn ssltd- v kw-c- -W k-an-xn-bp-ss {]-h -Ø-Icp- v. Nn-e ]m-d-a-s- m-cp- v. X-Sn sh- p- tim -{Sm-Iv-S -am-cp-ss B-fp-I-fp- v. B-cpsS Xm-Xv-]-cy- {]-Im-c-am-Wv A-h ao- nw-kv ap-s- n-b-sx- v F-\n- v a-\- n-em-bn. Km-Uv- Kn dn-t m - n-s\-xn-sc i- -am-b H-cp Ip- {]-N-c-Ww C- q- -cp-ss ap -ssi-bn \-S- p- p-s - hn-h-cw A- m-wv t_m-[y-amb-xv. A-Xn-s\- p-dn- v Rm hn-i-z-am-bn A- t\z-jn- p. Cu ao- nw-kv \-S- p- -Xn-\v c- v Zn-h-kw ap-ºv sh- n-bmw-ip-sn ta-j-e-bn-ep- Nn-e ]- n-i-fn ]n.-sn. txm-a-kv hn-fn- p- tbm-kw X-S-b-W-sa- v Ip-dp-_m-\ a- t[y ]p-tcm-ln-x ]-d- -Xm-b-dn- p. ssl-td- v kw-c- -W k-an-xn Cu ao- nw- Kn-s\-Xn-sc-bp- H-cp t\m- o-kv ]-{X-߃s m- w hn-x-c-ww sn-øp-i-bpw sn-bv-xn-cp- p. A-Ø-cw C-S-s]-S-ep-Iƒ P-\-߃- n-sbn h-en-b sx- n- m-c-w ]-c-øn. P-\m-[n- ]-Xy kw-kv-im-cw D-s - v ]-d-b-s -Sp- ti-c-fw t]m-se-sbm-cp kw-ÿm-\-øv N - t]m-epw A-\p-h-Zn- m-ø hn-[-øn-ep- ]- cn-{`m- n ]-c-ø-s - p. ssl-td- v kw-c- - W k-an-xn X-s -bm-wv A-Xn-s D-d-hn-Sw F- -Xv I- - -\-bn-se A-\p-`-h-Øn \n- pw hy- -am-wv. ]n- o-sv C-Sp- n-bn \-S- ]-e ao- nw- Kp-I-fn-epw I- - -\-bn-se tbm-kw A-e-ºm- n-b-h-sc Rm I- n- p- v. B Kq-Vmtem-N-\ Xp-d- p-im-wn- m {i-an- -Xn-\mem-Wv Rm th- -bm-s-s - -Xv. I-kv-Xq-cn-cw- K I-Ωn- n C-Sp- n k-µ -in- m-s\-øn-bt m-gpw C-tX k-ao-]-\-am-wv A-h-cp-sS `m-k- Øv \n- p-ap- m-b-xv. hn-tbm-pn- p-s - n A-Xv hy- -am-bn ]-d- p t_m-[y-s -Sp- Øp-I-bm-Wv th- -Xv. _-l-f-ap- m- p- h - v A-Xn-\p- _m-[y-x-bp- v. ssl-td- v kw-c- -W k-an-xn Xp-S-ßn-hs - n-epw ]n- o-sv B Im-º-bn C-Sp- nbn-se F- m {]-ap-j cm-jv-{so-b I- n-ifpw G-s -Sp-Ø-t m, Xm- -fp-ts-x-s- w. ssl-td- v kw-c- -W k-an-xn-bp-ss P-\- ]n- p-w I- v `-b- n- m-twm cm-jv-{so-b ]m - n-iƒ Cu Ip-{]-N-c-W-Øn-\v Iq- p-\n- -Xv? A-{X h-en-b P-\-]n- p-w-bp- kw-l-s-\- sbm- p-a- ssl-td- v kw-c- -W k-an-xn. Km-Uv-Kn - -I-kv-Xq-cn-cw-K hn-j-b-øn-eq-ss A-h P-\-]n- p-w h - n- n- n- p- v. A-Xp- I- v Nn-e cm-jv-{so-b- m `-b- p t]m-bn F- -Xv k-xy-am-wv. Nn-e B ]n- p-w ap- 42
im-kv-{x km-ln-xy ]-cn-j-øv Dƒ-s -ss-bp- kw-l-s-\-i-sf-bpw kn.-]n.fw \n-e-]m-sv {]-Xn-k- n-bn-em- n KmUvKn IΩn n AwK-ß-fmb Nne v bp.-fkv FbvUv F kwl-s-\-bpss hntzi klmbw In p- p-s - m-bn-cp p ssltd v kwc- W kan-xn-bpss {][m\ Atcm-]-Ww. AtX bp.-fkv Fbn-Uns klmbw AhcpsS kwl-s-\-bmbn ssltd v Uh-e-]vsa v skmssk n hmßp- - Xmbn Ah-cpsS Xs sh_vssk v ]d-bp- p. X-se-Sp- m-\pw {i-an- p. tpm-bv-kv tpm - v C-S-Xp-]- ÿm-\m - n-bm-bn h- -t mƒ A- m-cyw F- m-h - pw t_m-[y-am-b-xm-wt m. i-cn- pw tpm-bv-kv ssl-td- v kw-c- -W k-an-xn-bp-ss ÿm-\m - n-bm-bn-cp- p. cm-jv-{so-b ap-x-se-sp- n-\v th- n kn.- ]n.fw ]n- p-w \ -In-b-Xm-Wv. kn.-]n.-f- Ωn-s \n-e-]m-sv F-s G- -hpw sr- n- -Xv. cm-jv-{so-b hn-j-b-ß-fn X-Xzm-[n-jvTn-X \n-e-]m-ss-sp- p- ]m - n-bm-sw- m-wv kn.- ]n.-f-ωn-s\- p-dn- v C-t m-gpw P-\-߃- p- [m-c-w. A-Xv Xo -Øpw sx- m-sw- v sx-fn-bn- p- cm-jv-{so-b Iq- p-si- m-wv kn.- ]n.fw C-Sp- n-bn cq-]o-i-cn- -Xv. P-\-ßsf sx- n- -cn- n- v ap-x-se-sp- v \-S-Øp- ssl-td- v kw-c- -W k-an-xn-bp-am-bn A- h k-jy-øn-em-bn. sx-c-s -Sp- v Xm-Xv-]- cyw am-{xa- B k-jy-øn-\v ]n- n-se- m- Wv Rm a-\- n-em- p- -Xv. kn.-]n.-f-ωns Xm-sg-Ø- n-ep- A-Wn-I-sf B k- Jyw {]-Xn-k- n-bn-em- n-bn- p- v. ]-e {]mtz-in-i t\-xm- -fpw A- m-cyw F-t m-sv ]- d- n- p-ap- v. Km-Uv-Kn dn-t m - n-s\ A- \p-iq-en- n-cp- im-kv-{x km-ln-xy ]-cn-j- Øv Dƒ-s -ss-bp- C-S-Xv A-\p-`m-h kw- L-S-\-I-sf-bpw kn.-]n.fw \n-e-]m-sv {]-Xnk- n-bn-em- n. I- - -\-bn ]-cn-j-øv \-S- Øm-\n-cp- H-cp sk-an-\m A-h X-s th-s - v h- p. kw-l -j-ap- m-im km- [y-x-bp-s - m-bn-cp- p A-h-cp-sS hn-i-zo-ic-ww. F- m kn.-]n.-f-ωn-s \n-em-]-spam- w A- v A-h-sc kzm-[o-\n- -Xm-bm-Wv F-\n- v txm- p- -Xv. F-s ]m - n-bp-ss Xo-cp-am-\-hpw sr- n- p- -Xm-bn-cp- p. Km-Uv-Kn - -I-kv-Xq-cn-cw- K hn-cp- Im-º-bn-\n-s Kp-W-ap- m- Im t]m-ip- -Xv kn.-]n.-f-ωn-\m-sw- v A-h - v a-\- n-em- m I-gn- n-. F- m ap-jy-a-{ n-bpw A- v si.-]n.-kn.kn {]-kn-u m-bn-cp- c-ta-iv sn- n-ø-e-bp-sa- mw F-s \n-e-]m-sn-s\ ]n- p-w- n-cp- -hcm-wv. Pn- -bn-se tim -{K-kv t\-xr-xzw C- Sp- n-bn-se Nn-e ]p-tcm-ln-x-cp-ss ap -ssibn \-S- {]-N-c-W-sØ `-b- -txm-ss-bm- 43
te-ew \-S-t m-s, ]-s I -j-i - v hn-]-wn Xn-c-s -Sp- m-\p- kzm-x-{ yw th-ww ] bw \ Im-\p Xocp-am\w ssltd v kwc- W kanxn A n-a-dn- p C-Sp- n Pn- -bn-se D-t]- n- -s - P-e-ssh-Zyp-Xn ]- - Xn {]-tz-i-ß-fn-se Ip-Sn-tb- - m - v ]- -bw \ -Im\p a-{ n-k-`m Xocp-am-\sØ ssltd v kwc- W kanxn FXn Ø-Xn-eqsS ] b {]iv\w ]cn-l-cn- p- Xn kan- Xn v XmXv]-cy-an-s hkvxpx shfn-s ncn- p p. 1997 ssh-zyp-xn h-ip- v a-{ n-bm-bn-cp- F-kv. i -a Dt]- n- -Xmbn {]Jym-]n s]-cn- mw-ip- n Pe-ssh- ZypXn ]- -Xn {]-tz-iø-s- w B-bn-c- -W- n-\v I -j- I - v ]- -bw e-`n- p- -Xm-Wv kanxn XS- w \n -Xv. 2013 Unkw-_ 28\v ] b hnx-cww \S-Øm-\n-cp Znhkw CSp- n-bn l Øm {]Jym-]n mwv Ah B Xocp-am-\w A n-a-dn- -Xv. s]cn- mw-ip n ] Xn {]tziøpw CSp n Umans dn-k -thm-b-tdm-sp-tn - v c- p In-tem-ao- Np- -f-hn C-c- -bm, A-ø -tim-hn, Im- n-bm, D- p-x-d F o taj-e-i-fn-ep-ambn 7400 sl- Œ `q-an- m-wv ] bw \ Im Xocp-am-\-am-bXv. 1964se `q-an ]-Xn-hv \n-b-a-a-\p-k-cn- m-bn-cn- pw ]- -bw. H-cp Ip- Spw-_-Øn-\v ]-c-am-h-[n H-tc- h-sc am-{x-sa ]-Xn- v sim-sp- m-hq- F 2005se t`-z-k-xn-bpw 25h -j-tø- v `q-an ssi-am- w sn-ø-cp-sx- 2009se t`-z-k-xn-bpw d-±m- nbmwv k m Cu Xocp-am\w ssis m- Xv. H-cp Ip-Spw-_-Øn-\v aq-t - h-sc-bp- ]- -b-øn-\m-wv A - l-x-sb- n-epw D-t]- n- -s - ]- -Xn {]-tz-i-øv \mte- h-sc ]- -bw \ -Im a-{ n-k-` A-\p-a-Xn \ - In. C-tX-k-a-bw, 1977 P-\p-h-cn H- n-\v ap-ºv h-\-`q-anbn {]-th-in- -h - v ]- -bw \ -Ip- -Xn-\p- 1993se {]-txy-i `q-an ]-Xn-hv \n-b-a-øn t`-z-k-xn h-cp- Øpbn n. Cu \n-b-a-{]-im-cw H-cp Ip-Spw-_-Øn-\v \mte- h-sc `q-an- v ]- -b-øn-\v A -l-x-bp- v. 1977 P- \p-h-cn H- n-\v ap-ºv ssi-h-i-øn-ep- -Xpw h-\w-d-h-\yq h-ip- p-i-fp-ss kw-bp- ]-cn-tim-[-\-bn Dƒ-s - -Xpam-b `q-an C-t mƒ B-cp-sS ]- -em-twm A-h - v ]- bw \ -Im-\pw a-{ n-k-` A-\p-a-Xn \ -Inbncp- p. s]- cn- mw-ip- n ]- -Xn {]-tz-i-sø ]- -b hn-x-c-ww ssltd- v kw-c- -W k-an-xn X-Sm- -s -Sp-Øn-b-Xv cm-jv{sob e- yw ap- n I- p-sim- msw v Btcm-]n v hm- Øn- p-sn, sim- -Ø-Sn, s\-sp- - w, C-c- -bm ]- m-b- Øp-I-fnse P\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ kan-xn-s -Xnsc cwkøv h n-cp- p. C-c- -bm, I- m F- n-hn-s-ß-fn A-Ws - p-iƒ \n -an- -txm-ssbmwv 1997 s]-cn- mw-ip- n ]- -Xn D-t]- n- p -Xv. l Øm \S-Øn- FXn sø- nepw ssltd v kwc- W kanxn C\nbpw hy - amb \ne-]msv ]d-bmø hnj-b-am-wn-xv. tic-fobw hm Øm-irw-Je Wv Im-cy-߃ X-In-Sw a-dn- -Xv. A-tXm-sS Rm H- -s - p. tim -{K- v ]m - n-bp-ssbpw I-tØm-en- k-`-bp-ss-bpw ]-e tim- Wp-I-fn \n- pw F-\n- v ]n- p-w e-`ns - n-epw A-Xn-s\-sb- mw a-dn-i-s- p- X- c-øn-ep- A-Xn-i- -am-b {]-N-c-Ww ssl-td- v kw-c- -W k-an-xn F-\n-s - Xn-sc \-S-Øn. A-Xv \n-ß-sf- m-h-cpw I- - Xm-W-t m. F- m-bn-cp- p Xm- -tfm-sv C-{X-b-[n-Iw hy- n hn-tcm-[-ap- m-im-\p- Im-c-Ww? ]-e Im-c-W-ß-fpw Rm a-\- n-em- ns m- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. G-ew te-e-hp-am-bn _- -s - v Rm kzo-i-cn- \n-e-]m-sm-wv H-cp {]-[m-\ Im-c-Ww. G-ew te-e-øn-eq-ss am-{xw hn - m-t\ \n-e-hn G-ew I -j- I - v A-\p-a-Xn-bp- q. te-ew G-P -kn- Iƒ C-Xv ap-x-se-sp-øv sn-dp-in-s G-ew I - j-i-sc h-en-b co-xn-bn Nq-j-Ww sn-øp- p- v. te-e-øn-eq-ss hn - p-tºmƒ I - j-i - v \- hn-e e-`n- p- n-s - v am-{x-a- C-S-\n-e- m-cm-b hym-]m-cn-iƒ- v h-en-b em-`w e-`n- p- p-ap- v. kv-ss]-k-kv t_m - Uv G-ew I -j-i-sc k-lm-bn- p- -Xn-\mbn te-ew Iq- n-hn-fn- p- -Xn-\p- Xp-I D- b -Øn-sb- n-epw C-S-\n-e- m C-Xn-s\ i- -am-bn F-Xn - p-i-bpw te-ew _-ln-jv-icn- p-i-bpw sn-bv-xn-cp- p. C-Xv I -j-i-sc {]-Xn-k- n-bn-em- n. G-ew hn - m I-gnbm-Ø A-h-ÿ h- p. A-Xp-sIm- m-wv I -j-i - v te-ew Iq-Sm-sX G-ew hn-]-wnbn hn - m A-h-k-cw th-w-sa- v Rm B-h-iy-s - v. kv-ss]-k-kv t_m -Uv Aw-K-sa- \n-e-bn Rm A-hn-sS-bpw C- m-cyw D- -bn- n-cp- p. te-ew \-S-t m-s, ]-s I -j-i - v hn-]-wn Xn-c-s -Sp- m-\p- kzm-x-{ yw th-ww. Cu \n-e-]m- Sv C-S-\n-e- m-cm-bn-\n - p- Nn-e hym-]mcn-iƒ- v C-jv-S-am-bn-. A-h F-\n-s -Xnsc \-S- {]-N-c-W-߃- v ]n- n-ep-s - m-wv Rm a-\- n-em- p- -Xv. A-Xp-t]m-se Nn-e h -In-S G-ew I - j-i txm- -ß-fn F -tum-kƒ-^m Dƒ-s -ss-bp- Io-S-\m-in-\n-Iƒ D-]-tbm-Kn- p- -Xn-s\-bpw Rm F-Xn -Øn- p- v. G- ew ta-j-e-bn \n- pw F-\n-s -Xn-sc i- 44
F- m-hn-[-øn-epw F-s {]-Xn-tcm-[n- m-\m-wv A-h {i-an- p- -Xv tic-fobw _npp.-f-kv. _me A\p-kva-cW ]cnÿnxn am[ya s^tem-jn v ]cn-]m-sn-bn ]n.sn. txmakv kwkm-cn- p- p. {Xp-X h-cm A-Xpw Im-c-W-am-bn. aq- m-dnse I-tø- -ß-sf F-Xn -Ø-Xn-s t]-cn-epw i-{xp-x-bp- m-bn- p- v. hn.-f-kv. A-Nyp-Xm- \-µ ap-jy-a-{ n-bm-bn-cp- Im-e-Øv \-S- Øn-b aq- m Hm- -td-j-\v ap-ºv X-s Un.- kn.kn {]-kn-u m-bn-cp- Im-e-Øv aq- mdn I-tø- w hym-]-i-am-sw- v Rm k - m-dn-s\ t_m-[y-s -Sp-Øn-bn- p- v. kn.-]n.- F-Ωn-s Pn- m t\-xr-xz-am-bn-cp- p {]-[m-\ I-tø- - m. A-Xv ]n- o-sv F- m-h - pw t_m-[y-am-b Im-cy-am-Wv. A-Xn-s i-{xp-xbpw kn.-]n.-f-ωn-\v F-t m-sp- v. sse-k kv C- m-ø ]m-d-a-s-iƒ-s -Xn-sc P-\-߃ \ -In-b \n-c-h-[n \n-th-z-\-߃ Rm k - m-dn-\v k-a - n- n- p- v. A-h-cpw i-{xp- X Im-Wn- n-cn- mw. F- m-bm-epw \n-c-h-[n A-Zr-iy i- n-iƒ ssl-td- v kw-c- -W k-an-xn- v ]n- n-ep- m-bn-cp- p. ]- -b {]-iv- \-sa- mw ]p-i-a-d kr-jv-sn- p- -Xn-\m-bn ]- d-bp-s - v am-{xw. A- m-cy-øn A-h - v B-flm - -X-bn- m-ø-xp-sim- m-wv s]-cn- mw-ip- n-bn-se ]m-h-s - I -j-i - v k - m ]- -bw \ -Im Xo-cp-am-\n- t mƒ A-h F-Xn -Ø-Xv. hym-p ]- -b-ap- m- n tpm-bv-kv tpm - v A-\-[n-Ir-X-am-bn `q-an k-ºm-zn- ti-kv ]p-d-øp-h- -txm-ss ssl-td- v kw-c- - W k-an-xn-bp-ss a- v Xm-Xv-]-cy-ß-fpw ]p-d- Øv h- n-cn- p-i-b-t? Xo - -bm-bpw. ssl-td- v kw-c- -W k-an- Xn-bp-sS {]-Xn-tj-[-Øn-\v ]n- n a- v Xm- Xv-]-cy-ß-fp-s - v Rm B-h -Øn- v ]-d- -Xn-\v sx-fn-hm-wv Cu kw-`-hw. A-Xns\- p-dn- v Iq-Sp-X A-t\z-j-Ww \-S-Ø- W-sa- m-wv Rm C-t m-gpw B-h-iy-s -Sp- -Xv. am-{x-a-, tpm-bv-kv tpm - v sslt m-s-xn-bn a-en-\o-i-c-w \n-b-{ -W t_m -Un-\v (-]n.-kn.-_n) th- n lm-p-cm-ip- A-`n-`m-j-I-\m-Wv. Izm-dn-I-ƒ- v A-\p-a- Xn \ -Ip- H-cp G-P -kn-bm-wv a-en-\o-ic-w \n-b-{ -W t_m -Uv. ]n.-kn._n A-`n- `m-j-i F- \n-e-bn Izm-dn D-S-a-I-sf A-t±-lw kzm-[o-\n- m {i-an- -Xm-bpw B- tcm-]-w-ap- v. A-Xpw A-t\z-jn- -Ww. I- kv-xq-cn-cw-k dn-t m - v {]-Im-cw C.-Fkv.F-I-fp-sS \n-b-{ -Ww ]n.-kn._n- m-wv. A-Xn-\m, ]n.-kn.-_n-bp-ss A-`n-`m-j-I-\mbn-cn-s tpm-bv-kv tpm - v I-kv-Xq-cn-cw- K dn-t m - n-s\ F-Xn - p- -Xn-epw hntcm-[m-`m-k-ap- v. ssl-td- v kw-c- -W k-an-xn ]-d-bp- ]-e Im-cy-ß-fpw A-h - v X-s - Xn-cn- -Sn-bm-hp-I-bm-Wv. Km-Uv-Kn k-an-xn-bn-se Nn-e Aw-K-߃ A-tim-I {S-Ãv F- kw- L-S-\-bn \n- pw hn-tz-i ^- v ssi- - p- -h-cm-sw- v A-h A-tcm-]n- n-cp- p. A- tim-i {S-Ãn-\v ^- v sim-sp- p- -Xv bp.-fkv F-bv-Uv F- k- - kw-l-s-\-bm-wv. A-tX kw-l-s-\-bp-ss ^- v ssl-td- v kw-c- -W k-an-xn-bp-ss t\-xm-hm-b ^m. sk-_m-ãy sim- p-]p-c U-b-d-Iv-S-dm-bn- p- ssl-td- v U-h-e-]v-sa v skm-ssk- n hm-ßp- -Xm-bn A-h-cp-sS ssh-_v ssk- v ]-cn-tim-[n- m a-\- n-em-ipw. A-h hn-tzi ^- v hm-ßp- p-s - k-xyw ]p-d-øp- ]-d- -Xn-\v F-\n-s -Xn-sc H-cp tim-sn cq- ] \-jv-s-]-cn-lm-cw B-h-iy-s - v h- o t\m- o-kv A-b- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. F- m-hn-[- Øn-epw F-s {]-Xn-tcm-[n- m-\m-wv A- h {i-an- p- -Xv. Km-Uv-Kn dn-t m - v h- k-a-b-øv s]m-xp-hm-b I- -{]-N-c-W-ß-fm-Wv \-S-Ønb-Xv. B-dv a-wn I-gn- m Ip- n-iƒ I-cbm ]m-sn-. B-\-bv- v \-S- p-t]m-im tdm-un h-gn-bn-ts- n-h-cpw. B-sc-bpw C-d- n-hn-sp-sa- v dn-t m - v ]-d-bp- n-s - n-epw B-\ N-hn- n-s m- p-tºmƒ X-\n-sb C-d-ßnt m-ti- n-h-cpw. Xp-S-ßn-b \- m ap-f-bv- m-ø \p-w-iƒ s]m-xp-tbm-k-߃-t mepw hn-fn- p-]-d- p. ]n- o-sv A-Xv F-\n- v t\-sc am-{xw Xn-cn- p. D-Sp-º -tnm-e-bnse D- p-txm-sv hn-t -Pn-em-Wv F-s ho-sv. 45
AØcw B-tcm-]-W-ß-sf-sb- mw {]-Xn-tcm-[n- -Xn-s `m-k-am-imw F-\n- p- m-b Cu B-tcm-Ky-{]-iv-\-ß-ƒ B hn-t -Pv Rm C.-F-kv.-F-bn \n- pw H-gn-hm- n-sb-sp-øp F- v {]-N-c- n- p. D-Sp- º -tnm-e Xm-eq- n-se 23 hn-t -Ppw I-kv- Xq-cn-cw-K dn-t m - v {]-Im-cw C.-F-kv.Fbp-sS ]-cn-[n-bn h-cp- -Xm-sW- h-f-sc {]-Xy- -am-b h-kv-xp-x-sb-t m-epw h-f-s m- Sn- p. F-s {]-Xo-Im-fl-I i-h-tlm-j-bm- {X \-S-Øn, H- o-kp-snm- n t]m-øn-d- n-h- p-i-gn- p. ssh-zn-i-cm-wv C-Xn-\v ]n- n-ep- m-bn-cp- -sx- -Xm-Wv G- -hpw hn-j-an- n- p- Im-cyw. A-Ø-cw B-tcm-]-W-ß-sfsb- mw {]-Xn-tcm-[n- -Xn-s `m-k-am-imw F- \n- p- m-b Cu B-tcm-Ky-{]-iv-\-ß-ƒ. C-Sp- n-bn kr-jv-sn- -s - n-cn- p- Cu cm-jv-{so-b A-kw-_- w C-Xp-t]m-se Xp-Scp-sa- v Xm- ƒ I-cp-Xp- p-t m? ]n.-sn. txm-a-kv F- cm-jv-{so-b {]-h -Ø-I-s {]-Xo- sb v? ssl-td- v kw-c- -W k-an-xn-bpw kn.-]n.- F-Ωpw tn - v C-Sp- n-bn D- m- n-b tim-em-l-e-߃ ssh-im-sx si- -S-ßp-sa- v F-\n- p-d- p- v. ]m-cn-ÿn-xn-i {]-iv-\- ߃ A-Xn-cq- -am-w-hn-ss. Im-em-h-ÿ hy-xn-bm-\w Im-c-Ww I -j-i - v th- -{X hn-f-hv In- p- n-. Im -jn-i ta-j-e ]m-cnÿn-xn-i \m-iw Im-c-Ww X-I - p-sim- ncn- p-i-bm-wv. ]-cn-ÿn-xn kw-c- -W-sØ- p-dn- v kw-km-cn- m-sx C-Sp- n Pn- -bn H-cmƒ- pw Po-hn- m I-gn-bm-Ø A-h-ÿ ssh-im-sx-bp- m-ipw. A- v F- m ]m - n- m-cpw ]-cn-ÿn-xn kw-c- -W {]-h -Ø-\- ߃- v ap -ssi-sb-sp- pw. B - pw A-Xv I- n-s - v \-Sn- m I-gn-bn-. A- v ssl-td- v kw-c- -W k-an-xn- pw Km-Uv- Kn dn-t m - v ]-cn-k-wn-t - n-h-cpw. hnizm-kn-iƒ ]-cn-ÿn-xn kw-c- -W-Øn-\mbn \n-e-sim-t - -Xn-s {]m-[m-\yw hn-i- Zo-I-cn- p-sim- v ti-c-f Im-Ø-en-Iv _n-j- v Iu -kn H-cp ]p-kv-x-iw ]p-d-øn-d- n-bn- p- v, ]- -bm-b ]p -Ø-In-Sn-bn-te- v. ]-cn-ÿn-xn kw-c- -W-Øn-s {]-[m- \y-hpw A-Xn-\m-bn sn-tø- {]-h -Ø-\- ß-fpw h-f-sc hy- -am-bn A-Xn A- -an- v ]-d- n- p- v. B tc-j-bm-ipw N-cn-{X- Øn I-tØm-en- m k-`-bp-ss \n-e-]m-sn tc-j-s -Sp-Øm t]m-ip- -Xv. ssl-td- v kw-c- -W k-an-xn-bp- m- n-b _-l-f-ßsf- mw ssh-im-sx X-s X-g-b-s Spw. KmUvKn dnt m v \S- n-em- -Ww: kn.-f-kv.sf k` CS-b-te-J\w ] n-a-l w kwc- n- m KmUvKn dnt m v \S- n-em- Ww F m-h-iy-s v kn.-f-kv.sf k` PqWn ] n-i-fn CS-te-J\w hmbn- p. "Pohs \ne-\n n-\mbn \ap v i_vz-ap-b Ømw' F Xe-s - n-ep CS-te-J\Øns {]k- -`m-k-߃ kn.-f-kv.sf k` F p-sim- mwv KmUvKn IΩn n dnt m ns\ ]n m-ßp- Xv? kn.-f-kv.sf k`-bpss ]cnÿnxn IΩn n A\-h[n h j-ß-fmbn D -bn- p-h-cp- -Xmb ]e Imcy-߃ KmUvKn dnt m n-ep- v. kmº-øni imkv{x-søbpw ]cn-ÿnxn imkv{x-søbpw ka-\z-bn- n- p- Xpw hni-k-\-søbpw kwc- -WsØ H m-bn- m-wp- Xpw \nb-{ -W-߃s m w ]e-hn[ t{]m m-l\ \S-]- Sn-Ifpw k_vkn-un-ifpw Dƒs m- p- -Xp-amb ip]m i-ifmwv KmUvKn kan-xn-bpss dnt m n-ep- -Xv. A na Xocpam\w ssis m- m Xt±-iob kaq-l-øns ]cn-]q Æ ] m-fnøw Dd- p-h-cp-ø-w-sa pw kanxn \n ±-in- p- p.- C-sXms Fß-s\-bmWv ] n-a-l taj-e-bnse Im jni PohnXw ]mss XI-cp-sa pw Irjn- m IpSn-sbm-gn v t]mti- n-h-cp-sa pw ]d-bp-hm km[n- p-i. G hpw {i m l-am-bn- p- Xv, A q-dn cw t]pp KmUvKn dnt m n Hcp hcn-t]mepw I j-i s -Xn-cm-bn- n F - Xm-Wv. KmUvKn IΩn n dnt m n-s\-xnsc \S- p-h-cp ka-c-ß-fpss ]n n \nkqv XmXv]-cy-ß-fm-Wv. `qansb Nc- m n am{xw ImWp hn]wn kºzvhyh-ÿ-bn A`n-can- p dntkm v am^n-b-ifpw J\n, aw, Izmdn kwlß-fp-amwv KmUvKn dnt m n-s\-xn-cmb kacw kvt]m k snøp- -Xv. \mem-bn-c-søm-cp- qdv Izmdn-IfmWv ] n-a-l ae-\n-c-i-fn {]h Øn- p- -Xv. AXn c m-bn-cøn Hcp- q- n-\m Xv Izmdn-Iƒ v ssa\nwkv nb kps - nepw ]cn-ÿnxn hip- ns nb-d kv e`n- n- n-. _m n-h-cp c m-bn-c-øn-\-spøv Izmdn-Iƒ A\- [n-ir-x-am-bmwv {]h Øn- p- -Xv. \nb-am-\p-k-c-w-a- mø Izmdn-Iƒ v {]h Øn- p-hm km[n- p- Xv cmjv{sob ]n _-e-ap- -Xp-sIm- m-wv. KmUvKn IΩn n dnt m v \S- n-em- -W-sa v kn.- F-kv.sF k` Bh-iy-s -Sp- p. hym]-i-ambn XÆo Ø-S߃ \ni-ønbpw h\w \in- n pw Ip p-iƒ CSn pw \SØp F m hni-k-\-{]-h Ø-\-ßfpw ]mcn-ÿn-xni Zpc- -Øn-\n-S-bm- p-sa v kn.-f-kv.sf k` hniz-kn- p- p. FhnsS sszh-øns A[o-iXzw AwKo-I-cn- -s -Spt m, FhnsS Poh kvt\l-]q w ] p-h-bv p-t m, FhnsS `qansb Icp-Xp pthm, AhnsS Poh AXns ]q Æ-Xbn BtLm-jn- -s -Spw. sszhw \ -sx v hnebn-cp-ønb {]]- sø ]cn-c- n- p-hm sszhp\w {]Xn- m-_- -am-wv. Pohs \ntj-[-߃s -Xnsc i_vz-apb Øphm\pw i_vz-an- m-ø-h-cpss i_vz-ambn Xocp-hm\pw sszh-p-\-øn-\m-i-ww. aqi-\p-th n, B{i-b-a- -h-cp-sssb mw Ah-Im-i-߃ p-th- n, \o \ns hmb Xpd- q. (kzr. 31:8) 46