sshtem- n n {io[-c-ta-t\m ( )

sshtem- n n {io[-c-ta-t\m (1911-1985) 1911 sabv 11- \v Fd-Wm-Ip-f-Øn-\-SpØv Ieq-cn P\n- p. 1931- _n.-f. ]m m-bn. 35 h jw A ym-]-i-\m-bn. 1933 apx Fgp-Xnb Ihn-X-Iƒ kam-l-cn v 1947- BZy-]p-kvXIw I n-s mbvøv {]kn- o-i-cn- p. 1949- IpSn-sbm-gn- Fgp-Xn. 1980- ai-c-s mbvøv {]kn- o-i-cn- p. tic-f-km-ln-xy-a- m-z-an, ti{µ-km-lnxy A m-z-an Ahm Up-Ifpw tkmhn-b v em v s\lvdp Ahm Upw HmS- p-g Ahm Upw t\sn-bn- p- v. 1985- Unkw-_ 22- \v Xriq-cn h v \ncym-x-\m-bn. P\-d FUn- k n-zm-\-µ 1

{]km-[-i- p-dn v (H mw ]Xn- n-s\-gp-xn-bxv) tcm ae-bm-fnbpw a\- n Hcp Ihn-Xm-i-I-e-sa- nepw kq n- Hm p- p- v. tiƒhn-i-fn \nt m ]mt-]p-kvx-i-ß-fn \nt m hmb-\-i-fn \nt m a\- n tnt dn \ΩpsS A\p-`-h-tem-I-Øn-te v h -t mgpw Hcp Ipdp-I-embn Rm\n-hn-sS-bp v F -dn-bn- p- p B Imhy-i-I-e-߃. P -Zo L-amb Iq m-sw- nepw h -t mgpw am{xw AhnNm-cn-X-ambn DW s -Øp B Ihn-Xm-kva-c-W-I-fpsS Hcp D hsam-cp- p-i-bmwv Imthym- -h-øn-eqss Un kn _pivkv. \ap v {]nbs F m Ihn-I-fp-sSbpw G hpw {]nb-s - Xpw {][m-\-s - -Xp-amb Ihn-X-Ifpw Imhy-`m-K-ß-fp-amWv ]e ]pkvx-i-ß-fn-embn Imthym- - h-øn kam-l-cn- -s -Sp- -Xv. sndp-t»-cnbpw Xp -sø-gp-ø- \pw Ip \ºymcpw apx B[p-\nI Ihn-Iƒh-sc-bp F m {][m\ Ihn-I-fp-sSbpw kam-lm-c-amwv Cu ]c-º-c-bn Dt±-in- -s - n- p- -Xv. Cu ]c-º-c-bpss P\-d FUn- -dmbn temi-km-ln-xy-cw-køv {i t\snb si. k n-zm-\-µ-s\-øs e`n- -Xn R߃ v AXn-bmb Nmcn- Xm y-ap- v. am{x-a-, Hmtcm Ihn-I-fp-sSbpw Ihn-X-Iƒ Xnc-s - SpØv Ah-X-cn- n- m {]Kev`-a-Xn-I-fmb Hmtcm FUn- am-scbpw R߃ p e`n p. Hmtcm-cp-Ø-tcm-Sp-ap \µnbpw IS- mspw tcj-s -Sp- Øn-s m pw Ihn-X-Iƒ {]kn- o-i-cn- m A\p-a-Xn-X _ -s - h-tcmsv {]txyiw IrX- X Adn-bn- p-sim pw Cu Imthym- -h- Øn-te v Hmtcm ae-bm-fn-sbbpw Wn- -s. 1 Nnßw 1183 17 BKÃv 2007 tim bw chn Un kn 5

BapJw IhnXbv v imiz-xn-ixzw \ Ip auen-i-l-s-i-ß-sf-s m- n-bp `n ho -W-߃ \ne-\nev p-tºmƒxs kao-]-im-e-im-hykn m- -ß-sf mw hmb-\- m-c\v {]mam-wn-ixzw \ Ip \ne-]m-smwv kzoi-cn- p- -Xv. IhnX \q m- p-i-fn-eqss \ne-\n p- -Xm-bn-tØm- n- p-tºmgpw Hmtcm Xe-ap-dbpw Htc IhnX hmbn- p- Xv hyxy-kvxco-xn-i-fn-em-sw pw {]Xn-]p-cp-jm- -c-`n- -amb Cu ]mcm-b-w-߃ `n - ]m-t-߃ pw ]nd-hn-\ Ip- p-sh pw Aßs\ t\m p-tºmƒ hn`n - ]mt-ß-fpss Hc-\p-kyq-Xn-sb-bmWv \mw A\-iz-c-X, Imem-Xn-h ØnXzw Fs mw hnti-jn- n- p-t]m-cm-dp- -sx pw \h-kn- m- -ß-fpsS Nph- Sp-]n-Sn v ]d-bm-\m-ipw. hmevao-in-bpss cmam-b-wtam hymk-hn-c-nn-x-ambn KWn- p-t]m-cp alm-`m-c-xtam skms^m- n- ns CuUn- kv \ms-ißtfm "A\-izc'-Ir-Xn-I-fmbn \ap- -\p-`-h-s -Sp- Xv Hmtcm Ime-L- hpw A p e`y-amb ]mcm-b-twm-]m-[n-i-fp-]-tbm-kn v At m-f-ap a\pjy-m\p-`-h-øns apgp-h - B-g-hp-apƒs m v kz w kz w aqeyk- -ev]-ßfpw kuµ-cy-ho- -W-ß-fp-a-\p-k-cn v B IrXn-Isf ]pxp- Xmbn hmbn-s -Sp- p-ibpw ]pxp-]m-t-߃ \n Ωn-s -Sp- p-ibpw snøp- -Xp-sIm- mwv F w. F m F p-sim v _opm-xn-po-h- \sø A\p-kva-cn- n- p-amdv `qcn-`mkw IrXn-Ifpw hnkvar-xn p hn[n- -s -Sp-tºmƒ Nne IrXn-Iƒ am{xw Cßs\ `n -]m-ttm-xv]m-z-\-ka -ambn \ne-sim- p-ibpw "A\-izc'sa alm-kw Dt]- n- m X-s, Zo L-Po-hn-X-sa- nepw ssih-cn- p-ibpw snøp p F - Xn\v ]mcm-b-w-{]-[m-\-amb kn m- -߃ hni-zo-i-cww \ Ip- n-. Gsd a\p-jy-`m-h-ßfpw Gsd `n -kz-c-ßfpw Dƒs m- p- -Xp-sIm- mimw IrXn-Iƒ v Cßs\ Xe-ap-d-I-tfmSp kwkm-cn- p-hm-\p {]m]vxn ssih-cp- Xv F v A\p-am-\n- p-itb \nhr-øn-bp- q. H w- Xs Hmtcm Ime-sØbpw A[o-i-{]-Xy-b-im-kv{X-ßfpw A[n-Im-c-ÿm- ]-\-ßfpw- hnti-jn pw m\hpw kuµ-cyhpw DXv]m-Zn- n- pibpw hnx-cww \S-Øp-Ibpw snøp ÿm]\߃ Nne Xnc-s -Sp- p-iƒ \S-Øp-Ibpw Nne IrXn-Isf \ncq-]-w- -hn-zym-`ym-km-zn- hy-h-lm-c-ß-fneqss apt m- p h-bv p-ibpw kmln-xy-am-\-z-wvu-ambn Db Øp-Ibpw H w a p-nn-e-hsb ]n n-te p X n-am- p-ibpw snøp- p- v. a p Nne Ime-L- -ß-fn Cßs\ Ah-K-Wn- -s - - Ir-Xn-Iƒ Dbn sø-gp-t s pw hcmw. Ign \q m- n kv{xoiƒ, Idp-Ø-h, BZn-hmknIƒ, 9

k hmw-kowkuµcyw hgn-bp IhnX Bi-bsØ A\p-`q-Xn-bm- pi F Xv Ihn-X-bnse auen-i-amb Hcp {]iv\-am-wv. D n DcphwsIm p Nn m-i-i-e-߃ shdpsx ]d- p-t]m-ip k{º-zmbw Ihn-X-bv n-w-ßp-i-bn-. Bibm-h-X-cWw am{x-a- t m Ihn-X. A\p-`q-Xn-bpsS ck-\o-b-amb kwth- Z\w IqSn-bm-W-Xv. A\p-`q-Xn, Bi-bw, Ah-X-cWw F n-ßs\ aq p apjy-l-s-i-ß-fpss hnp-b-i-c-amb ]cn-k-am-]vxn-bn-emwv \ Ihn-X-bpsS km m-xvim-cw. Ihn-bpsS lrz-b-øn Hcp tpymxn _nµpt]msetbm Xos m-cn-t]m-setbm an nw t]msetbm BI-kvan-I-ambn Hcp A\p`qXn \mºn-sp- p. AXns\ ho pw ho pw kao- n- p-tºmƒ Ihn lrzbw AXns kuµ-cy-øn hymap-kv -am-hp- p. Cu A\p-`hw km{µam-ip-tºmƒ AXv A\ys\ A\p-`-hn- n- -W-sa Hcp Xo{hm-`n-emjw DS-se-Sp- p- p. AXn\p ] nb Bi-b-߃ lrzy-amb Ah-X-cW`wKntbmsS `mj-bn-te p ]I-cp-tºmƒ IhnX P\n- p- p. "sdmam niv `mh\' F Ihn-X-bn hgn-h- nse hmi-a-c- p-h- n CSn-sh-t v acn p InS- p Hcmƒ ]d-bp- -Xmbn Ihn `mh\ snøp- Xp t\m pi: "C -se-rm, \nc, thim- -Øn a\ p I\Øp, ]pxp-s -bvøm s]msn a a-w-taepw a n- \n hrxn ho Øp hen p IpSn o hmi-a cøn tnme-bn \nevs, h m-fm- u-zm-an\n \oe Æm-Sn-s m- mcw hn, s IÆm- -Sp-eX apgp-h I o, exn\pw aptº Xo q, F mepw knc-txmdpw ]Scpw X m-enw-k-\-samcp ]pcp-jm-bp s m m-bq- n-sb-sp-sømcp ]pf-i-sa \n -c-am-{x-bn-te-in. Cßs\ Bi-b-ßsf Ah-b ln- p A -I-ev]-\-I-fn IpSnbncp-Øp-tºmƒ am{xta Imhy-{]-Xn` kwxr-]vx-am-hp- p q! CXv Nn -bmbn ]men- -s A\p-`hw sshtem- n- n- p- v. Bi-b-ß-fpsS Hu -Xy- 11

HmW m p-im B hn[-am-bn-c-am p hk- -] cmk-a-wn p ]d-s,-s -s mgn hf p alo-x-e-a-ln-a-i fmsi hngpßn as-ßo-t]m-epw. A]-c-]p-cm-X-\ snm hq, hma-\ \mzn-a-tz-h h p alo-is\ b -\-snbvxp NXn p Nhn- n-bn cp n-e-w p apsn- m-s\- pw. s]mcp-f-dn-ho-e, bpk-߃ Ign p N cn{xw Ip n- Æp Xpd-s, c-bpss inckn ekn- q\-c-t]m tzh-]p-tcm-lnx Zpjv{]`p h w! ]r znbne p a\p-jy \S- - ] Zß-fn-en-s m-g-t[m-ap-j-hm-a-\, CØn-cn-h- w-am{xw Im -h, CØn-cn-h w Nn n- p- -h, aqh-sn-a-æn-\n-c p Ih p, h [n p, \in-t m, c ]-kp-j-øn ]mh-i-fn,- Xp X n-bp-s- p, Ic p ab-ßn-bp-d-ßo-sp-t m. k Kp-W-a-lna Nhn- n-b-a Øn hkp- -c-sbm-s -b-kp-µ-c-am n kz -]-Y-Øn \bn- m-\- hnc- nsb \n p hnfn- o-sp-t m. s]cp-in-sp-an-cp-fn-ep-sa- m RßsS Xe-I-fn aßn an\p-ßn-bn-cn q \nc-h[n ]pcp-jm-bp- n- - p-d amfn-sbm-tcm-w-s m In-c-W-߃. 21

bpk-]-cn-h Ø\w \msp, thcp-iƒ s]m n XzcnXw Nen- th tnmsp-sx- n-sb Icƒ txßp p, a{ n- p p: ""lm kjn \osb-t msp tn p-\n-ev p-i, hotxm mk-ambv aßo-sp p Pohn-Xw, Poh t]mse apºp \mw kvt\ln- -h ci-t m, arxn-s]t m, h ]-I-tbmsS tncn amdntbm s]mbvt]m-ip p. p_v[-am-bv, Iep-j-ambv {]h-ln- p q Imew, F{X-bp-a-kz-ÿ-am Wpe-Iw, Xnc- n-epw. C p \mta-im- -X bn -em,-wp-d-a p h p _ n- m t]mse lrzbw ac-hn- q. B ac-hn- n aosx Nhn n apt -dp q \ma-dn-bm-tøm H pw \Ω-sf-b-dn-bm-tØm. a Zp -e-x-bm-bv, \nbaw NXn-bm-bn, abw [\-am-bn, -ao-iz-c-\m-bn, 23

IÆo ]m-shpw a p {][m\ Ihn-X-Ifpw I n-s mbvøv I n-s\- n-s\-tbm-a-\n-s Øn- - sbs m-tsmxo kzm-kxn hmbp: ""\n ±bw saxn o hnf-hp- m arxyp-hn-t Ipw PohnXwt]mepw hnsømcn-øncn shbv p p, ho pw ]Øn-c- n-bmbv s]m hnf-bn- m. I n-\m-fn-se-s m-bvøn-\p-th n a n-em-zn-bn \ hnsø- mw s]m -e-b-e-s -Øp- p, t\m q, ]ns -sb-{xtbm simbvøp-]m-s-øn! lm, hnpn-kojp arxyp-hn- mtam Pohn-X-Øn simsn- Sw XmgvØm? X hn-cn-an-gn-sø- n-\meo \n ap n \miw Xpd- p-ao-ø-ø IÆp-\o m-en aæ-sn-t mw; \n hn-]- nbpw aqi-ambv t]mimw. F n-cn- n-ep-a-s gpw simbvøn kzn amw IhnƒØ- n-se-t m- m [\y-\m-tatxm Kmb-I-_m-e X pbncns\-bp- z-e-am- n. X\zn-am-scmØp simøp-hm h I n-am-k-øn IuXpIwt]mse, IÆn-\m-\µw \ InSpw {Kma I\y-bm-sfm- o- m-søp simøpw. 26

IÆo ]m-shpw a p {][m\ Ihn-X-Ifpw apøpw ]hn-ghpw apkv -cm-k-ap-zn p Xß-fn apøn\pw ]hn-g-øn\pw; `n -hw-i-p, C -t]m-e-h ]ns -sbm- n- -sx-ßs\? Bgn-bn-en-sXm- mbn kwkmcw: ""lm bph-t{]-a-nm-]ew!'' KqV-ambv Ien-]q- p, -]m-b-em XmSn \os gpw ]md-iƒ.- Iq-Sn-\n q InX p-sim, ] hmztem-ecmw ao\p-iƒ. hm Ø ti p \nµm-ipew Nncn m Øp Np nepw honn-iƒ. t{]a-t\m-hm hnf Øp, taev p-ta XqaWn XpW-sb- n-tb. snº-hn-g-s m-sn-bp-am-hn[w Xpº-am p NS-bv -th, I p "IjvS'-sa- {ip hogvøn-\m I{a-km-K-c-I-\y-am : ""apøp apøn-t\m,-sm-hn[w ]pxp hn{zpaw hn{zp-asømspw tncp,-a- mø Zpxkz-X-{ -X bv mcp kω-x-ta-ip-hm?'' c p hwihpw XΩn hmin-bm an p-hm apxn-cm-sx-bm-bv. Xn ƒ hm\n, Xpd-s gpw Nn n bn apøp-t]m an -th, A p cm,-h-e-bm-gn-bm-g-øn shæn-em-shm-fn-s -Øn-\mƒ. 28

IÆo ]m-shpw a p {][m\ Ihn-X-Ifpw acww I\n-t mxn (Ko-X-Iw) acww I\n-t m-xo, ""k hpw shsn p \o hc-ww, ka-b-am-bv, hnf p sispømw Rm.'' ]gxmw aæn _ sams -bp-ap-t]- n p \ng-embv t]mtb IqtS, \o -]m-x-bn-eq-ss. F n-ep-sa-sp-tø Rm KqV,-sa I n- m-x s sim-sn-bmƒ X sim p a[p-c-kvar-xn-am{xw! sh n-e-ø-cn-t]m-se Rm\Xp \pw-bth Np nepw a sømcp amºq-hn aww Nn o. F K-Xn-b-\p-`q-Xn eme-km-e-k-am-tbm, ""F nxp? NXnt m \o!'' ]n n-cn-t mxo arxyp: ""\n Ihnƒ XpSp- p- q, \n angn Xnf-ßp- q, \n Icƒ ansn-bv p- q, \o Pohn- n-cn- p q!'' Adn-b-s - o-ses cl-kyw, ]t ho p sadn-b-s -t ]mcn teim- -P w \o m! 30

ae-xp-c- tasp-txm-dp-ar-xp- ƒ X ]ntº ta p-ta- p-t]m-sb-{xtbm \mƒiƒ. hniz-cw-k-øn-te n t]m am w h c-߃x Im s -cp-am- w. ti n-x-s mgpw ]ucpjw Ipt m ts p ap pw ]cp-jamw [zm\w, ti nx-s mgpw It msp I ]m p-]mspw hnzq-camw \mzw sim p-t]mbv ne ssii-tf 1 tcmkw ]nfi-ambv ne ]md-ho,twhw B ae-bp-xn - p-iƒ s]mßo {Kma`qhnse t{]x- -d-ºn! 2 ap n-h- n-sx- m-inepw Ip n ]n X-e-apd ]n m-s -Sp- m. hmbvs]m-sm-fnspw ] -߃, I n Øos mcn s]dpw Xo vwm-bp-[-߃, Zo]vXn-hn-izm-k, sa nh b n ho p-ap- nbv p amøp-c- -Øn, th p tnmcbpw sh hpw tafn o am-fpam Zp m-x-i-øn, sn p sn m-b-sp-ønxp XΩn sh n sh n sh, mbn-cp-kw-lw. 1 Nne sxmgn-em-fn-isf tcmk-߃ HSp- n. 2 B ]md s]mfn I p-iƒxs ivaim-\-ß-fn kvamc-i-^-e-i-ß-fm- -s - p. 31