5- CACGAAACTACCTTCAACTCC-3 beta actin-r 5- CATACTCCTGCTTGCTGATC-3 GAPDH-F GAPDH-R

Table S1 Primers used in this work LncPPARδ-F 5- AGGATCCCAAGGCAGAAGTT -3 LncPPARδ-R 5- GAATAGAAAGGCGGGAAAGG -3 PPARδ-F 5- CACCCAGTGTCCTTCCATCT -3 PPARδ-R 5- CAGAATTGGGTGTGCTGCTT -3 ADRP-F 5- ACAACCGAGTGTGGTGACTC -3 ADRP-R 5- TCTTCACACCGTTCTCTGCC -3 ANGPTL4-F 5-CCTCTCCGTACCCTTCTCCA-3 ANGPTL4-R 5-AAACCACCAGCCTCCAGAGA-3 beta actin-f 5- CACGAAACTACCTTCAACTCC-3 beta actin-r 5- CATACTCCTGCTTGCTGATC-3 GAPDH-F GAPDH-R 5- AGCCACATCGCTCAGACAC-3 5- GCCCAATACGACCAAATCC-3 LncPPARδ-siRNA sirna-nc 5-CCUUUCCCGCCUUUCUAUUTT-3 5-UUCUCCGAACGUGUCACGUTT-3 PPARδ: peroxisome proliferator activator receptor delta; ADRP: perilinpin2 (PLIN2); ANGPTL4: Angiopoietin-like 4. Table S2. Clinical characteristics and outcome of 15 CAD patients and 15 control subjects. Characteristics CAD(n=15) Control (n=15) P-value Age (years) 62.17±3.54 61.98±3.39.72 Sex (male/female) 15/0 15/0 Physical data Heart rate (bpm) 74.60±6.52 73.75±7.70.52 Height (cm) 158.30±7.49 159.45±6.20.5 BMI (kg/m2) 23.87±2.74 24.04±3.12.07 Historical data Diabetes mellitus 0/15 0/15 (Y/N) Arterial 0/15 0/15 hypertension (Y/N) Dyslipidemia (Y/N) 0/15 0/15 Laboratory data Glucose (mmol/l) 5.17±1.14 4.85±0.75.70 TC (mmol/l) 4.23±0.75 4.34±1.24.34 TG (mmol/l) 1.47±1.02 1.69±1.02.30 HDL (mmol/l) 1.14±0.14 1.37±0.34.26 LDL (mmol/l) 2.44±0.94 2.64±1.01.56 ApoA1 (g/l) 1.41±0.37 1.44±0.23.85 ApoB (g/l) 0.94±0.35 1.01±0.41.36 T-Bil (mol/l) 14.58±5.73 13.96±4.44.78 D-Bil (mol/l) 3.02±2.52 2.55±0.88.47 TBA (mol/l) 4.81±4.24 5.16±5.05.71 Total protein (g/l) 65.71±8.03 68.80±7.86.27 Albumin (g/l) 39.79±4.51 41.68±5.32.27 A/G 1.70±0.48 1.74±0.50.77 AST (units/l) 22.55±7.12 22.65±8.69.48 AST/ALT 1.24±0.49 1.16±0.55.37 ALP (units/l) 94.24±37.32 112.36±89.25.57 -GGT (units/l) 31.27±29.79 30.56±25.04.56

LDH (units/l) 185.75±24.55 180.80±31.77.30 PO4 (mmol/l) 1.32±0.40 1.33±0.31.71 Na+ (mmol/l) 145.76±3.84 140.02±3.50.25 K+ (mmol/l) 4.03±0.51 4.00±0.58.43 Cl- (mmol/l) 115.97±3.28 103.46±3.72.10 CO2 (mmol/l) 24.27±2.46 23.66±2.66.25 Ca2+(mmol/l) 2.37±0.26 2.43±0.21.26 AG (mmol/l) 12.70±3.14 13.34±3.84.51 Urea (mmol/l) 19.80±64.56 5.15±1.27.32 U/C 18.32±4.92 18.83±5.47.49 Uric acid (mol/l) 330.80±87.16 345.70±104.12.45 RBC 1012/l 4.70±0.60 4.57±0.53.57 WBC 109/l 6.29±1.23 7.04±2.17.20 PLT 109/l 195.86±75.90 176.12±66.54.35 HGB (g/l) 152.16±17.01 147.21±15.07.39 Smoking status current smoker 4/11 3/12.50 Never smoke 7/8 6/9.71 r Drinking 4/11 4/11.50 Treatment ACEI use (Y/N) 0/15 0/15 ARB use (Y/N) 0/15 0/15 Beta-blocker use 0/13 0/15 (Y/N) CCB use (Y/N) 0/15 0/15 Diuretics use (Y/N) 0/15 0/15 Statins use (Y/N) 0/15 0/15 Antiplatelet therapy 15/15 0/15 <.001 CAD, coronary artery heart disease, BMI, body mass index (kg/m2), TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; ApoA1, apolipoprotein A1; ApoB, apolipoprotein B; T-Bil, total bilirubin; D-Bil, direct bilirubin; TBA, total bile acid; A/G, albumin/globulin; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; -GGP, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; AG, anion gap; U/C, urea/creatinine; RBC, red blood cell; WBC, white blood cell; PLT, platelet; HGB, hemoglobin; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB, calcium channel blocker. Data are presented as mean ± SD, n = numbers of patients. P< 0.05 was considered significant. Table S3. Clinical characteristics and outcome of 20 patients and 20 control subjects. Characteristics CAD(n=20) Control (n=20) P-value Age (years) 66.25±10.56 58.90±11.30.04 Sex (male, female) 10/10 12/8.38 Physical data Heart rate (bpm) 76.70±15.04 70.55±9.92.13 Height (cm) 158.25±7.57 158.95±8.28.61 BMI (kg/m2) 21.71±6.46 24.45±4.38.13 Historical data

Diabetes mellitus 3/17 2/18 >.99 Arterial 10/10 6/14.17 hypertension (Y/N) Dyslipidaemia 12/8 12/8.63 Laboratory data Glucose (mmol/l) 4.87±1.42 4.93±0.61.08 TC (mmol/l) 4.32±1.01 4.27±1.11.87 TG (mmol/l) 2.22±2.64 1.71±1.31.74 HDL (mmol/l) 1.12±0.21 1.14±0.25.73 LDL (mmol/l) 2.63±1.0 2.49±0.65.60 ApoA1 (g/l) 1.31±0.17 1.28±0.2.69 ApoB (g/l) 0.87±0.3 0.85±0.19.82 T-Bil (mol/l) 14.65±7.23 11.97±4.68.36 D-Bil (mol/l) 2.91±2.76 2.05±0.81.57 TBA (mol/l) 4.87±3.62 6.66±7.49.73 Total protein (g/l) 65.63±5.89 65.60±6.97 >.99 Albumin (g/l) 39.70±3.97 40.42±4.75.60 A/G 1.54±0.19 1.63±0.24.21 AST (units/l) 22.40±5.54 23.81±8.90.89 AST/ALT 1.19±0.50 1.04±0.47.30 ALP (units/l) 84.68±23.97 79.92±21.85.64 -GGT (units/l) 26.74±23.71 24.62±15.57.73 LDH (units/l) 170.01±25.90 168.74±33.93 >.99 PO4 (mmol/l) 1.17±0.25 1.20±0.17.90 Na+ (mmol/l) 137.54±8.73 140.53±4.49.12 K+ (mmol/l) 3.91±0.35 3.96±0.32.53 Cl- (mmol/l) 103.55±3.55 104.26±3.53.44 CO2 (mmol/l) 24.09±2.32 24.87±1.69.11 Ca2+ (mmol/l) 2.27±0.14 2.32±0.20.08 AG (mmol/l) 11.61±2.75 11.40±3.36.72 Urea (mmol/l) 20.05±64.37 18.01±57.67.21 U/C 19.30±7.92 18.58±4.64.71 Uric acid (mol/l) 304.23±75.97 319.83±91.55.52 RBC 1012/l 4.41±0.33 4.42±0.66.97 WBC 109/l 6.95±3.0 6.39±1.62.94 PLT 109/l 170.25±41.22 177.55±44.75.60 4HGB (g/l) 126.09±32.17 135.75±20.20.26 Smoking status current smoker 3/17 6/14.23 Never smoker 6/14 6/14.63 Drinking 2/18 5/15.20 Treatment ACEI use 4/16 6/14.36 ARB use 7/13 4/16.24 Beta-blocker use 2/18 0/20.24 CCB use 5/15 5/15.64 Diuretics use (Y/N) 0/20 0/20

Statins use 10/10 12/8.38 Antiplatelet therapy 8/12 8/12.63 LncPPARδ 1.29±0.82 0.87±0.42 <.001 CAD, coronary artery heart disease, BMI, body mass index (kg/m2), TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; ApoA1, apolipoprotein A1; ApoB, apolipoprotein B; T-Bil, total bilirubin; D-Bil, direct bilirubin; TBA, total bile acid; A/G, albumin/globulin; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; -GGP, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; AG, anion gap; U/C, urea/creatinine; RBC, red blood cell; WBC, white blood cell; PLT, platelet; HGB, hemoglobin; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB, calcium channel blocker. Data are presented as mean ± SD, n = numbers of patients. P< 0.05 was considered significant. Student s-test, 2 2 contingency table analysis of x2, others by Mann-Whitney U test. Table S4. Clinical characteristics and outcome of 211 CAD patients and 171 control subjects (original set). Characteristics CAD(n=211) Control (n=171) P-value Age (years) 65.24±10.16 59.35±10.67 <.001 Sex (male, female) 134/77 85/86.005 Physical data Heart rate (bpm) 72.94±15.810 72.63±12.66.79 Height (cm) 161.87± 7.46 161.84±10.94.53 BMI (kg/m2) 23.29±3.29 23.60±3.24.35 Historical data Diabetes mellitus 41/170 34/137 >.99 Arterial hypertension 112/99 45/126.000 Dyslipidaemia (Y/N) 119/92 107/64.22 Laboratory data Glucose (mmol/l) 5.09±0.94 4.97±0.95.33 TC (mmol/l) 4.57±1.24 4.45±1.17.42 TG (mmol/l) 1.74±1.931 1.71±1.6.91 HDL (mmol/l) 1.09±0.25 1.18±0.28.18 LDL (mmol/l) 2.79±0.89 2.48±0.85.07 ApoA1 (g/l) 1.56±0.31 1.31±0.20.08 ApoB (g/l) 0.86±0.28 0.83±0.26.32 T-Bil (mol/l) 13.20±5.56 13.51±6.43.81 D-Bil (mol/l) 2.51±2.22 2.39±1.64.46 TBA (mol/l) 5.93±6.22 5.63±6.81.22 Total protein (g/l) 64.66±6.10 65.55±6.55.17 Albumin (g/l) 39.37±4.54 40.19±4.71.09 A/G 1.59±0.30 1.62±0.29.41 AST (units/l) 28.05±27.01 24.22±19.29.15 AST/ALT 1.30±0.86 1.22±0.60.41 ALP (units/l) 84.47±25.45 83.71±39.89.27 -GGT (units/l) 27.98±27.07 26.86±25.41.46 LDH (units/l) 196.78±48.34 170.73±41.74.27 PO4 (mmol/l) 1.17±0.26 1.21±0.21.08 Na+ (mmol/l) 139.82±10.38 141.074±3.43.06

K+ (mmol/l) 3.98±0.39 3.94±0.35.72 Cl- (mmol/l) 105.41±8.33 104.98±4.25.80 CO2 (mmol/l) 24.35±2.57 24.35±2.32.07 Ca2+ (mmol/l) 2.22±0.16 2.27±0.13.18 AG (mmol/l) 12.04±4.44 11.91±3.22.89 Urea (mmol/l) 8.12±27.76 6.82±19.76.65 U/C 16.98±5.81 17.13±5.24.12 Uric acid (mol/l) 334.26±95.30 328.56±88.27.65 RBC 1012/l 4.38±0.64 4.42±0.57.19 WBC 109/l 6.52±2.11 6.63±2.15.77 PLT 109/l 177.01±54.50 186.49±63.39.12 HGB (g/l) 133.10±18.46 135.38±17.15.22 Smoking status current smoker (Y/N) 59/152 20/151 <.001 Never smoker 127/84 118/53.05 Drinking 50/161 26/145.03 Treatment ACEI use 39/172 26/145.24 ARB use 70/141 26/145 <.001 Beta-blocker use 17/194 1/170 <.001 CCB use 87/124 28/143 <.001 Diuretics use 1/210 0/171.50 Statins use 136/75 99/72.11 Antiplatelet therapy 85/126 58/113.12 LncPPARδ 1.47±0.99 0.78±0.51 <.001 CAD, coronary artery heart disease, BMI, body mass index (kg/m2), TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; ApoA1, apolipoprotein A1; ApoB, apolipoprotein B; T-Bil, total bilirubin; D-Bil, direct bilirubin; TBA, total bile acid; A/G, albumin/globulin; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; -GGP, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; AG, anion gap; U/C, urea/creatinine; RBC, red blood cell; WBC, white blood cell; PLT, platelet; HGB, hemoglobin; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB, calcium channel blocker. Data are presented as mean ± SD, n = numbers of patients. P< 0.05 was considered significant. Student s-test, 2 2 contingency table analysis of x2, others by Mann-Whitney U test. Table S5-1. Average sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis CAD by LncPPARδ in test group (100 times). Disease+ve 28 22 50 55.14% 80.16% Disease-ve 10 40 50 Total 38 62 100 +ve, positive, -ve, negative. Table S5-2. Optimal sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis CAD by LncPPARδ in test group (79th).

Disease+ve 35 15 50 70.00% 94.00% Disease-ve 3 47 50 Total 38 62 100 +ve, positive, -ve, negative, 79th, optimal sampling time. Table S6-1. Average sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis CAD by LncPPARδ and combination of the four factors in the test set. Disease+ve 33 17 50 66.42% 74.86% Disease-ve 13 37 50 Total 46 54 100 +ve, positive, -ve, negative. Table S6-2. Optimal sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis CAD by LncPPARδ and combination of the four factors in the test set (32th). Disease+ve 41 9 50 82.00% 78.00% Disease-ve 11 39 50 Total 52 48 100 +ve, positive, -ve, negative, 79th, optimal sampling time. Table S7-1. Sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis CAD by LncPPARδ in the independent set (79th). Disease+ve 34 16 50 68% 72.00% Disease-ve 4 36 40 Total 18 32 90 79th, optimal sampling time. Table S7-2. Sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis CAD by LncPPARδ and combination of the four factors in the independent set (32th). Disease+ve 38 12 50 76.00% 66.00% Disease-ve 7 33 40 Total 25 25 50 32th, optimal sampling time. Table S8. Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of patients and control subjects in the independent set. Characteristics CAD(50) Control(40) P-value Age (years) 65.97±9.78 58.50±11.14.02 Sex (male, female) 28/22 18/22.26 Physical data

Heart rate (bpm) 69.73±10.12 71.85±9.96.33 Height (cm) 161.00±6.65 161.30±6.92.81 BMI(kg/m2) 23.86±4.77 23.36±3.16.68 Historical data Diabetes mellitus 22/28 17/23.90 Arterial hypertension 26/24 19/21.39 Dyslipidaemia (Y/N) 31/19 25/15.32 Laboratory data Glucose (mmol/l) 4.96±1.37 4.65±0.61.77 TC (mmol/l) 4.52±1.02 3.99±0.78.05 TG (mmol/l) 1.64±1.10 1.53±0.71.29 HDL (mmol/l) 1.04±0.25 1.14±0.23.07 LDL (mmol/l) 2.72±0.78 2.34±0.73.09 ApoA1 (g/l) 1.34±0.18 1.28±0.15.48 ApoB (g/l) 1.16±1.07 0.83±0.23.19 T-Bil (mol/l) 14.70±6.16 14.01±5.25.86 D-Bil (mol/l) 2.46±2.20 2.45±1.02.34 TBA (mol/l) 4.18±4.38 4.64±5.73.96 Total protein (g/l) 66.31±6.41 67.11±6.28.67 Albumin (g/l) 39.98±3.84 40.47±3.48.65 A/G 1.57±0.31 1.58±0.36.90 AST (units/l) 20.17±5.37 20.68±6.34.66 AST/ALT 1.28±0.77 1.09±0.52.49 ALP (units/l) 86.10±35.66 89.73±24.54.37 -GGT (units/l) 21.83±11.81 23.89±19.17.51 LDH (units/l) 174.94±36.69 155.97±30.66.12 PO4 (mmol/l) 1.11±0.23 1.09±0.16.45 Na+ (mmol/l) 141.04±3.43 141.51±3.08.75 K+ (mmol/l) 4.05±0.34 3.88±0.33.15 Cl- (mmol/l) 105.27±3.26 104.66±3.00.89 CO2 (mmol/l) 24.42±1.77 25.06±2.64.47 Ca2+ (mmol/l) 2.21±0.08 2.25±0.10.15 AG (mmol/l) 11.45±3.46 11.80±3.75.85 Urea (mmol/l) 5.27±1.52 5.09±1.65.42 U/C 18.33±5.43 16.53±5.73.21 Uric acid ( mol/l) 348.74±76.26 328.05±84.76.39 RBC 1012/l 4.36±0.40 4.44±0.51.58 WBC 109/l 6.85±2.03 6.65±1.70.89 PLT 109/l 184.63±59.83 175.95±55.71.61 HGB (g/l) 133.57±12.06 137.65±15.56.30 Smoking status current smoker (Y/N) Never smoker (Y/N) 13/37 8/32.43 22/28 20/20.08 Treatment ACEI use 17/33 9/31.22 ARB use 19/31 14/26.33 Beta-blocker use 13/37 10/30.21 CCB use 22/28 16/24.34

Diuretics use (Y/N) 0/50 0/50 Stati ns use 30/20 20/20.19 Antiplatelet therapy 21/29 12/28.03 CAD, coronary artery heart disease, BMI, body mass index (kg/m2), TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; ApoA1, apolipoprotein A1; ApoB, apolipoprotein B; T-Bil, total bilirubin; D-Bil, direct bilirubin; TBA, total bile acid; A/G, albumin/globulin; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; -GGP, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; AG, anion gap; U/C, urea/creatinine; RBC, red blood cell; WBC, white blood cell; PLT, platelet; HGB, hemoglobin; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB, calcium channel blocker. Data are presented as mean ± SD, n = numbers of patients. P< 0.05 was considered significant. Student s-test, 2 2 contingency table analysis of x2, others by Mann-Whitney U test. Table S9. Sex and age of patients and control subjects with different CVD or metabolic diseases Diseases Sex Age (years) p1 p2 (male/female) Normal 10/10 59.86±10.27 1.00.37 CAD 10/10 62.75±9.75 Arrhythmia 5/3 58.67±10.74.55.34 Valvular 5/3 63.85±7.42.55.78 disease Dilated 4/2 65.63±9.96.47.53 cardiomyopath y Hyperlipidemi 5/3 62.59±8.51.55.97 a Hypertension 5/3 62.63±9.66.55.98 Type 2 7/5 64.36±6.73.64.62 diabetes mellitus Abdominal 1/1 62.68±7.13 1.00.99 aortic aneurysm Viral myocarditis 4/3 63.31±8.27.74.89 CAD, coronary artery heart disease, CVD, cardiovascular diseases. Data are presented as mean ± SD or n. n = numbers of patients. P< 0.05 was considered significant. Student s-test, 2 2 contingency table analysis of x2.