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1 ( 89 ) Ξ : : ; ; Abstract : This study reports a metacognitive strategy training program and investigates the effects of the training in an attempt to cultivate learner autonomy and encourage students to manage their own studies. Students were trained on four metacognitive strategies i. e. becoming aware of learning processes self2evaluation establishment of objectives and planning. The findings showed that most studentsπmetacognitive awareness and ability to use those strategies have been enhanced. The theoretical and pedagogical implications are also discussed. Key words : metacognitive strategies ; training ; foreign language learning : H319 : B : (2002) (metacognitive strategies) (learning strategies) (metacognitive knowledge) (metacogni2 tion) (knowing about learn2 (learn how to learn) ing OπMalley et al White 1995 : 210) Flavel (1987 :22-23) ; ; (regulato2 ry measures) (planning) (monitoring) (evaluating) (Brown et al OπMalley & Chamot 1990 :44) (Wenden 1987a :160) 20 ( ) Ξ !

2 Foreign L anguage World No ( General Serial No. 89) (Nunan 1997) Car2 rell (1989) : (semantic mapping) Holec (1987) (experience2text2relationship) ( ) ( ) Tabolt (1995) (mapping) Wenden(1982) ( Wenden 1987a :164) Wenden OπMalley (1987) ( ) ; ; ; Nunan (1997) ; (00 )

3 ( 89 ) (1988) (case study) ( ) (Nunan 1997 :60) 2. 3 ;2) (themes) ;3) (cat2 ;4) egories) 3. :1) ;2) ;3) 3. 1 :1)? 15 (learning by doing) 22

4 Foreign L anguage World No ( General Serial No. 89) 60 ;2) ;3) : ; ( ) :1) useful expressions Build up active vocabu2 lary2) (Nunan 1997 :64) 4. Green & Oxford (1995) (Jones and Jones 1990 Reilly 1994 Nunan 1997 :64) (Wenden 1987b) : :1) 23

5 ( 89 ) : % 33 % % 46 % % 16 % % 17 % = 56 (: ) % PRESENTATION 64 % 53 % 46 % 4. 2 :1) ; 2) ;3)

6 Foreign L anguage World No ( General Serial No. 89) : (82-83 %) (64 %) (53 %)

7 ( 89 ) ; ; ;?? Holec (1987) Nunan (1997) Wenden (1987a) ESL reading [ J ]. TESOL Quarterly Nunan (1997) (23) : [ 2 ] Flavel J H. Speculations about the nature and de2 velopment of metacognition [ A ]. Weinert F E Kluwe R H. Metacognition Motivation and Learning [ C ]. Hillsdale N. J. : L. Erlbaum Associates 1987 : Wenden (1987a) [3 ] Green J M & R Oxford. A closer look at learning strategies L2 proficiency and gender [ J ]. Wenden TESOL Quarterly 1995 (29) : [ 4 ] Holec H. The learner as manager : Managing Wenden (1987a) learning or managing to learn? [A ]. Wenden &J Rubin. Learner Strategies in L anguage Learning [ C ]. Prentice Hall International ( UK) Ltd [ 5 ] Nunan D. Strategy training in the language class2 Nunan (1997) Journal 1997 (26) : [6 ] OπMalley J M. The effects of training in the use of learning strategies on acquiring English as a second language [ A ]. Wenden A & J Rubin. 6. : [ 1 ] Carrell P L. Metacognitive strategy training for room: An empirical investigation [ J ]. RELC Learner strategies in language learning [ C ] Pren2 tice Hall International (UK) Ltd : ( 14 ) 26

8 ( 89 ) and Problems [M ]. Dublin : Authentik [4 ] Benson P & P Voller (eds. ) Autonomy and Inde2 pendence in L anguage Learning [ C ]. Harlow : Longman [5 ] Pemberton R E S Li W F Or and H D Pierson (eds. ) Taking Control : Autonomy in L anguage learning [C ]. Hong Kong : Hong Kong University Press [6 ] Cotterall S &D Crabbe (eds. ) Learner Autonomy in L anguage Learning : Defining the Field and Effecting Change [ C ]. Frankfurt Peter Lang [ 7 ] Brookes A & P Grundy. Individualisation and Autonomy in L anguage learning [ M ]. Modern English Publications in association with The British Council [ 8 ] Nunan D. Closing the gap between learning and instruction [J ]. TESOL Quarterly / 2 : [ 9 ] Dickinson L. Autonomy self2directed learning and individualisation [A ]. EL T Documents 103. London : The British Council [ 10 ] EL T Documents 103. Individualization in L an2 guage Learning [C ]. London : The British Coun2 cil [ 11 ] Ellis R. Understanding Second L anguage Acqui2 sition [ M ]. Oxford : Oxford University Press [ 12 ] Lee Icy. Supporting greater autonomy in language learning [J ]. EL T Journal / 4 : [13 ] Brown H D. Principles of L anguage Learning and Teaching [ M ]. NJ : Prentice Hall Regents [ 14 ] Abbott G. Motivation materials manpower & method : some fundamental problems in ESP [A ]. EL T Documents [ 15 ] Cotterall S. Promoting learner autonomy through the curriculum : principles for designing language courses[j ]. EL T Journal / [16 ] Green C F E R Christopher and J Lam. Devel2 oping discussion skills in the ESL classroom [J ]. EL T Journal / 2 : [ 17 ] Lynch T. Peer Evaluation in Practice [ A ]. A. Brookes & P. Grundy (eds) [ 18 ] Oskarsson M. Approaches to Self2Assessment in Foreign L anguage Learning [ M ]. Pergamon [19 ] Blue G M. Self2assessment : The Limits of Learn2 er Independence [A ]. Brookes and Grundy (eds) [ 20 ] Matsumoto K. Helping L2 learners reflect class2 room learning [J ]. EL T Journal / 2 : [21 ]. [ M ]. : : ( 26 ) [7 ] OπMalley J M. & Chamot A U. Learning Strate2 gies in Second L anguage Acquisition [M ]. Cam2 bridge : Cambridge University Press [ 8 ] Tabolt D. Metacognitive strategy training for reading : Developing second language learnersπ awareness of expository text patterns. Unpub2 lished PhD dissertation. Hong Kong University Hong Kong [ 9 ] Wenden A. Incorporating learner training in the 14 classroom [A ]. Wenden A & Rubin J. Learner Strategies in L anguage Learning [ C ]. Prentice Hall International ( UK) Ltd. 1987a [ 10 ] Wenden A. How to be a successful language learner : Insights and prescriptions from L2 learn2 ers [A ]. Wenden A & Rubin J. Learner Strate2 gies in L anguage Learning [C ]. Prentice Hall In2 ternational (UK) Ltd. 1987b [ 11 ] White C. Autonomy and strategy use in distance foreign language learning : Research findings [J ]. System 1995 (23 ) : :