Περίληψη : Άλλες Ονομασίες bishopric of Sinopitai. Γεωγραφική Θέση Northeastern Asia Minor, modern north-central Turkey. Ιστορική Περιοχή Pontos

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1 Περίληψη : Sinope was a bishopric of the province of Helenopontos until the beginning of the 14 th century. It was recorded in the second place among the seven bishoprics under the jurisdiction of the metropolis of Amaseia. Christianity in Sinope was associated with the worship of St. Phokas. Άλλες Ονομασίες bishopric of Sinopitai Γεωγραφική Θέση Northeastern Asia Minor, modern north-central Turkey Ιστορική Περιοχή Pontos Διοικητική Υπαγωγή Metropolis of Amaseia of the province of Helenopontos 1. Bishopric of Sinope Sinope was a bishopric of the province of Helenopontos. It was also one of the bishoprics of the Arian Church during the 4 th century. It was recorded in the second place among the five, seven or more bishoprics under the jurisdiction of the metropolis of Amaseia in the ecclesiastical taktika (notitia episcopatuum), with the exception of taktikon nr. 2, dating from the 9 th century, in which Sinope has been recorded in the third place. The bishopric of Sinope was recorded for the last time in taktikon nr. 13, dating from the 13 th century. The bishops of Sinope participated in the Fourth Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon in 451, the Sixth Ecumenical Council of Constantinople in 681 and the Seventh Ecumenical Council of Nicaea in 787. In 1315 the bishop of Sinope, displaced due to the suffering which befell the city, as is characteristically cited, undertook the administration of the metropolises of Side and Sylaion and the archbishopric of Leontopolis. 1 No further information survives concerning the bishopric of Sinope. 2 The first known bishop of Sinope, according to tradition, was Phokas, who became a saint. He is believed to have been the bishop of the city when he martyred. Bishop Gregory was executed in 793, following the suppression of the rebellion of the theme of Armeniakon, in which he was actively involved. Meletios, who became a bishop at the beginning of the 14 th century, compiled a list of the bishops of Sinope, in which seventeen names are cited. 3 The last known bishop of Sinope is Theophylaktos, whose seal survives today. 4 He was deposed prior to The worship of St. Phokas and St. Andrew Sinope was the place of worship of St. Phokas, protector of sailors and the bishop of the city who martyred, according to tradition, at the time of Trajan (98-117). His worship was common throughout Pontos. 5 The celebration of St. Phokas took place on 22 September. It was abolished in 1081 by the Turkman leader Karatekin and was reinstated a little later by Alexios I Komnenos ( ). In 1461 it was already eradicated. Sinope was the birthplace of the anchorite Hesychios, who built a church in Amaseia dedicated to St. Andrew. According to tradition, the apostle Andrew preached the gospel in Sinope, as in all the important cities of Pontos. The cathedral of Sinope is known to have been devoted to St. Phokas or Theotokos. According to some unsubstantiated information, it was devoted to Hagia Sophia. All the churches were converted to mosques during the 2 nd phase of the Seljuk domination ( ca 325). The church of St. Phokas replaced the burial sight of the saint in the place of his martyrdom. 6 The effigy of St. Andrew, which was placed in Sinope, according to tradition, is believed to have been destroyed in the 2 nd half of Δημιουργήθηκε στις 17/2/2017 Σελίδα 1/5

2 the 8 th century during the first phase of iconoclasm. 7 There was a Latin church in the city during the 19 th century dedicated to Theotokos (Santa Maria). Its date of construction remains unknown. 1. Hunger, H. Kresten, O. Kislinger, E. Cupane, Carolina (ed.), Das Register des Patriarchates von Konstantinople, vol. I, II (Verlag der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1995), I, pp. 146, 148, 236, 238: the administration of Leontopolis was removed from the bishop of Sinope due to his objective difficulty to visit the city. 2. Anastasios, who was μειζότερος (meizoteros) of the bishop of Cherson in the 6 th century, is also associated with the bishopric of Sinope. The ecclesiastical rank of meizoteros must have meant the person responsible for collecting the ecclesiastical taxes in more than one bishoprics. This information is cited in the headstone of the wife of Anastasios, found inside the wall which fortified Sinope. See Bryer, A.A.M. Winfield, D., The Byzantine Monuments and Topography of the Pontos I (DOS, Washington D.C. 1985), pp. 74, 75 and note See Vaille, S., "Les évêques de Sinope", Echos d Orient 11 (1908) pp See Hunger, H. Kresten, O. Kislinger, E. Cupane, Carolina (ed.), Das Register des Patriarchates von Konstantinople, vol. I, II (Verlag der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1995), I, pp. 146, 148: the name of the bishop is not cited in the document. Le corpus des sceaux de l empire byzantine, V: lʹéglise, ed. Laurent, V., (Paris ), I, p. 309, nr. 427: according to the editor, the seal dates from the 11 th century. According to Fedalto, G., Hierarchia Ecclesiastica Orientalis. Series Episcoporum Ecclesiarum Christianarum Orientalium I: Patriarchatus Constantinopolitanus (Padua 1998), p. 83, it dates from the 14 th century. 5. See Οικονομίδης, Ν., Άγιος Φωκάς ο Σινωπεύς, Αρχείον Πόντου 17 (1952), p. 184 and note 1: Three saints are named Phokas, according to the martyrologies and hagiographies: Phokas (the gardener), bishop Phokas of Sinope and the martyr Phokas of Antioch. It has been established by Van de Vorst that St. Phokas was just one person, κατά την εξέλιξη της λατρείας του οποίου εδημιουργήθη νόθος περί αυτού παράδοσις και ετριχοτομήθη ούτω η προσωπικότης του ; p. 204 and note 1: the spread of the worship of St. Phokas beyond Sinope was associated as early as the 4 th century with the dispersion of his remains. 6. See also Bryer, A.A.M. Winfield, D., The Byzantine Monuments and Topography of the Pontos I (DORLC, Washington D.C. 1985), p. 75: the cathedral was dedicated to St. Phokas or Theotokos. 7. Dvornik, F., The Idea of Apostolicity in Byzantium and the Legend of the Apostle Andrew (Dumbarton Oaks Studies, IV Cambridge Mass. 1958), p Βιβλιογραφία : Fedalto G., Hierarchia Ecclesiastica Orientalis 1: Patriarchatus Constantinopolitanus Series Episcoporum Ecclesiarum Christianarum Orientalium, Padova 1988 Bryer A.A.M., Winfield D., The Byzantine Monuments and Topography of the Pontos, 1 (With Maps and Plans by R. Anderson and Drawings by J. Winfield), Washington D.C. 1985, Dumbarton Oaks Studies 20 Bryer A.A.M., Winfield D., The Byzantine Monuments and Topography of the Pontos, 2 (With Maps and Plans by R. Anderson and Drawings by J. Winfield), Washington D.C. 1985, Dumbarton Oaks Studies 20 Βρυώνης Σ., Η παρακμή του μεσαιωνικού ελληνισμού στη Μικρά Ασία και η διαδικασία του εξισλαμισμού, ΜΙΕΤ, Αθήνα 1996, Γαλαταριώτου, Κ. (μτφρ.) Dvornik F., The idea of Apostolicity in Byzantium and the Legend of the Apostle Andrew, Cambridge Δημιουργήθηκε στις 17/2/2017 Σελίδα 2/5

3 Mass. 1958, Dumbarton Oaks Studies IV Οικονομίδης N., "Άγιος Φωκάς ο Σινωπεύς", Αρχείον Πόντου, 17, 1952, Vaillé S., "Les évêques de Sinope", Echos d' Orient, 11, 1908, Δικτυογραφία : Ο απόστολος Ανδρέας ως ιδρυτής εκκλησιαστικών εδρών Γλωσσάριo : Fourth Ecumenical Council (Chalcedon, 451) The Fourth Ecumenical Council assembled in 451 at Chalcedon in order to retract the interpetation of the council of Ephesus (449) on the nature of Jesus Christe. Sixth Ecumenical Council/ Quinisext/ Dome (Constanitnople, 681/ 691) The Sixth Ecumenical Counsil (also called: Quinisext<Penthekti or Dome Counsil<in Trullo, mean. in the dome) assembled at Constntinople twice, the years 680/1 (the Sitxth) and 691/2 (the Quinisext/Dome), to discuss the restoration of the association with the Holy See of Rome as well as to clarify practical issues of everyday life for the Cristians. taktikon 1. Adm.: A major source for the organization and development of Byzantine administration. In the Middle Byzantine period the taktika, as presedance lists ( τακτικά πρωτοκαθεδρίας or τακτικά της καθέδρας or κλητορολόγια or κλητοροθέσια) catalogued the officials who participated to the formal ceremonies of the imperial palace. Four precedence list are still preserved: Uspenskij, Philotheos', Benescevic, de l' Escurial. 2. Mil.: A "Taktika" is a famous manual for strategic and tactical military operations by land and by sea. Author in the early 10th century. at Leo F. The text preserved in a compendium and complete the form and influenced the drafting of such handbooks as downstream strategic. 3. Eccl.: The taktiko, known also as Notitia episcopatuum or syntagmation, in the administration of the Church is a classification list of ecclesiastical authorities according to hierarchy. Πηγές Hunger, H. Kresten, O. Kislinger, E. Cupane, C. (eds.), Das Register des Patriarchates von Konstantinople I (Verlag der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 1995), pp. 146, 148, 236, 238. Laurent V., (ed.),.le corpus des sceaux de l empire byzantine, V,Ι: I eglise (Paris ), p. 309, no Mc Geer, Er. Nesbitt, J. Oikonomidès, N. ( ) (eds)., Catalogue of Byzantine Seals at Dumbarton Oaks and in the Fogg Museum of Art, 4: The East (Washington D.C. 2001), p. 84. Παραθέματα The sailors' charitable activity in honor of St. Phocas, their protector [ ] όθεν και νόμος εγένετο ναύταις Φωκάν έχειν συνεστιάτορα. Και επειδή τον νυν ασώματον σύσσιτον είναι και κοινωνόν τραπέζης αμήχανον, μάθετέ πως άρα φιλευσεβής λογισμὸς εσοφίσατο το αδύνατον. Καθʹ εκάστην γαρ την ημέραν την των όψων μερίδα προς ισομοιρίαν των εσθιόντων αποκληρούσι τω μάρτυρι. Ταύτην δε τις των διαιτημόνων εξωνούμενος το αργύριον κατατίθεται και τη υστεραία άλλος και άλλοτε έτερος και ούτος ο κλήρος της αγορασίας περιιών άπαντες δίδωσι καθ ημέραν της μερίδος τον ωνητήν. Επειδάν δε όρμος αυτούς υποδέξηται και εις γην αφίκωνται, μερίζεται το αργύριον τοις πεινώσι. Τούτο η μερίς του Φωκά, πενήτων ευεργεσία Van de Vorst, Ch., «Saint Phocas», Analecta Bollandiana 30 (1911), p Δημιουργήθηκε στις 17/2/2017 Σελίδα 3/5

4 On the rank of the bishop of Sinope in ecclesiastical hierarchy τοῦ Ἀναστασίο(υ). + Θέσις Κυλίτα ς τὶς συμβίου Ἀναστασίου το(υ) μ(ε)ιζοτ έρου τοῦ ἐπισκόπου Χερσόνος. ινδ. θ. Bryer, A.A.M Winfield, D., The Byzantine Monuments and Topography of the Pontos I (Washington D.C. 1985), p. 75. The bishop of Sinope cannot visit the see of Leontopolis Μακρός μεν εξ ου χρόνος ου γέγονε τη αγιωτάτη μητροπόλει Σίδης αρχιερεύς [ ] επείπερ εύρε τον θεοφιλέστατον επίσκοπον Σινώπης εκτοπισθέντα της λαχούσης αυτόν, ως και ταύτη ενσκήψαντος εκ μακρού και υπερισχύσαντος του δεινού, οικονομία χρησαμένη, ην δη συνήθως και οι προ ημών οικονομούντες ήσαν εν περιστατουμέναις εκκλησίαις, αλλαχή τε και κατ αυτήν την αγιωτάτην μητρόπολιν Σίδης, [ ] ωσαύτως προέτρεψε συνοδικώς η μετριότης ημών τούτω δη τω θεοφιλεστάτω επισκόπω Σινώπης αρχιερατικώς προΐστασθαι και του υπό την αγιωτάτην αρχιεπισκοπήν της Λεοντοπόλεως ευρισκομένου χριστωνύμου λαού, ως των τοιούτων εκκλησιών εν στενότητι και ολιγότητι του χριστιανικού γεγονυιών κρίμασι Θεού, [ ] Οφείλουσι τοίνυν πάντες οι υπό την πνευματικήν επικράτειαν και διοίκησιν των ειρημένων εκκλησιών ευρισκόμενοι Χριστιανοί δέξασθαι τον θεοφιλέστατον επίσκοπον Σινώπης ως αρχιερέα [ ]. Hunger, H. Kresten, O. Kislinger, E. Cupane, C. (eds.), Das Register des Patriarchates von Konstantinople, v. I, II (Verlag der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 1995), pp. 146, 148. The church of St. Phocas converted to a mosque Στη Σινώπη, στη γειτονία τα Τούρκικα ήτανε μια εκκλησία Άγιος Φωκάς, την πήρανε οι Τούρκοι και την έκαμαν τζαμί. Μέσα στην εκκλησία ήτανε ο τάφος του αγίου Φωκά αυτός άγιασε και έβγαινεν ένα φως από τον τάφο κι εσχημάτιζε το πρόσωπο του αγίου Φωκά. Οι Τούρκοι σκέπαζαν το μέρος μ ένα μεγάλο πράσινο πανί και πήγαιναν και προσκυνούσαν. ms. no. 1141, p. 163, Λιουδάκι, M., Σινώπης (1938) = Oικονομίδης, N., «Άγιος Φωκάς ο Σινωπεύς», Aρχείον Πόντου 17 (1952), p. 215 and note 7. Βοηθ. Κατάλογοι List of the bishops of Sinope under the jurisdiction of the metropolitan of Amaseia Philologos? Phokas Antiochus (451) Haelianus (458) Bosporius (492) Pythagoras (518) Sergios (681) Zeno (712) Gregory (787) Theodore (869) Δημιουργήθηκε στις 17/2/2017 Σελίδα 4/5

5 Theodosius (879) John (10 th century) Michael (10 th / 11 th century) Meletios (1302) Theophylaktos (1315) Bishops of the Arian Church of Sinope Proairesios (342) The list was compiled according to the lists of Fedalto, G., Hierarchia Ecclesiastica Orientalis. Series Episcoporum Ecclesiarum Christianarum Orientalium I: Patriarchatus Constantinopolitanus (Padua 1998). Δημιουργήθηκε στις 17/2/2017 Σελίδα 5/5

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