V isualization of the functional or ien tation column s in the cat v isual cortex by in vivo optical imag ing based on in tr in sic signals

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1 355 : ( ; ; ) [ ] [ ] ; ; ; V isualization of the functional or ien tation column s in the cat v isual cortex by in vivo optical imag ing based on in tr in sic signals YU Hong2bo 1 2 X IN G D a2jun SHOU T ian2de (11Cen ter f or B ra in S cience R esea rch and L iren L ab S chool of L if e S ciences F ud an U n iversity S hang ha i Ch ina; 21V ision R esea rch L ab S chool of L if e S ciences U n iv ersity of S cience and T echnology of Ch ina H ef ei ; L ab of V isua l Inf orm a tion P rocessing Institu te of B iop hy sics Ch inese A cad em y of S ciences B eij ing ) [Abstract ] T he op tical im aging based on in trin sic signals is the one w ith the best spatial reso lu tion a2 m ong in v ivo b rain im aging techn iqueṡ It becom es a pow erfu l too l fo r studying fuctional arch itectu re of the co rtex in a large scale. W e describe the m ethod u sing th is techn ique to show the o rien tation co lum n s in the cat visual co rtex. Basically it is also su itab le fo r studying functional o rgan ization of o ther co rtex. [Key words] op tical im aging; in trin sic signal; o rien tation co lum n; visual co rtex; cat X2 (X2CT ) (M R I) (fm R I) (PET ) 1986 Grinvald [ 3 ] [ 1 ] (op tical im aging based on in trin sic 1982 Grinvald signals) ( 011 mm ) [ 2 ] [ ] (2000) [ ] Q 436 [ ] A [ ] [ ] ( ) 2 (9805) [ ] [ ] [ ] (19732) 1

2 356 [ 4 ] 640 nm [ 6 8 ] ( ) ; ; kg (CCD ) (25 m ggkg) (3 m ggkg h) (10 F ig 1 m ggkg h) 4 s CO 2 4% 38 (1% ) (5% ) P1 L 3 (17 ) F ig 1 T im e course of different components fo co rtical intrinsic sig2 nals befo re during and after grating pattern stim uli. The relative contributions are no rm alized ( from Bonhoeffer and Grinvald 1996 [1 ] ) 112 F ig H z CCD (A rea 2 Scan Canada) 211 F ig 3 CCD ( 2 (0 180 ) Λm g ) 16 g 24 Λm 011 mm 015 mm ) 1511 cdgm H z (o rien tation) 550 nm F ig 2 D iagram of the op tical im aging system based on intrinsic sig2 nals and visual stim ulating system 114 1g s 10 s (

3 357 ( 90 ) ( ) 019 mm 3 4 (lateral cro ss2o rien tation inh ib ition) 6 5 ( ) F ig 3 T he co rtical areas (dark stripes o r areas) visually activated by six grating stim uli of different o rientations in the p rim ary visual co rtex of the cat show ing roughly comp lem entary mo saic relationship betw een the op tical pattern pairs elicited by two gratings o rthogonal each o theṙ T he num bers under each figure rep resent the o rientations of stim ulus grating used. The dark scale bars indicate 2 mm F ig 4 O rientation co lum n patterns revealed by op tical im aging at different dep th s under the surface of the p rim ary visual co r2 tex as show ed by num bers in Λm. T hese patterns are quite sim ilaṙ B lack scale bar: 1 mm ( s) 115 s 3 4 s 6 s (F ig 5) 3 4 s F ig ( ) F ig 6 CCD (< 100 Λm ) (A ) ; (B ) ; F ig 4 (C) 111 mm ( g g + g g )

4 (F ig 7) ( ) ; ( ) SF= 018 cyclesgdegree F ig 5 T he co rtical op tical im ages obtained at different tim es show 2 ing the appearance and dim inishm ent of o rientation co lum n pattern on the co rtex. T he stim ulus duration w as from 110 s to 310 s. B lack scale bar: 2 mm SF= 015 cyclesgdegree F ig 6 Co rtical o rientation co lum n pattern distributions elicited by two respectively local grating stim uli on the upper (A ) low er (B) visual fields and the two visual fields (C). A C the p ro jecting po sition of the area centralis in the cat retina. A anterio r; L lateral; M m edial; P po sterio ṙ B lack scale bars: 2 mm on the co rtical m ap; 4 degree in the visual field SF= 012 cyclesgdegree F ig 7 O rientation co lum n patterns elicited by visual grating stim uli of different spatial frequencies ( SF ). The clearest pattern w h ich w as elicited by the low er SF (012 cgdeg) grating in2 dicated by th ick dark lines is located at the righ t low er side of the figure (anterio r co rtex) w h ile the one by h igher SF ( 018 cgdeg) at the left upper side (po sterio r co rtex); and the one by m edial SF (015 cgdeg) in betw een. B lack scale

5 359 bar: 2 mm [ 1 ] (T he ob lique effect) [ 9 ] [ 7 8 ] 3 signals: the m ethodo logy. : CO 2 4% ; ; ;. J Physio l : J ( ) 22 [ ] J : [ 1 ] Bonhoeffer T Grinvald A. Op tical im aging based on intrinsic In: B rain M app ing : TheM ethods ( Toga AW M azzio tta eds) A. San D iego: A cadem ic 1996 pp [ 2 ] Grinvald A. V isualization of the sp read of electrical activity in rat hippocampal slices by vo ltage sensitive op tical p robes tex J. N ature : J [ 3 ] Grinvald A. Functional architecture of co rtex revealed by op2 tical im age of intrinsic signals J. N ature : [ 4 ] : [ 5 ]. : C. ( ) 1999 P2081 [ 6 ] 1 J : [ 7 ] 1 [ 8 ] A ppelle S. Percep tion and discrim ination as a function of stim ulus o rientation: T he effect in m an and anim als J. P sy2 cho l Bull : [ 9 ] H aglund MM O jem ann GA Hochm an DW. Op tical im aging of ep ilep tifo rm and functional activity in hum an cerebral co r2 ( 332 ) [ 7 ] Sidell N W ada R H an G et al. Phenylacetate synergizes w ith retino ic acid in inducing the differentiation of hum an neurob2 lastom a cells J. Int J Cancer (4) : [ 8 ] L ip schutz JH Sam id D Cunha GR. Phenylacetate is an in2 h ibito r of p ro static grow th and developm ent in o rgan culture J. J U ro l (5) : [ 9 ] M anabe S O hsaw a K. Effect of excess phenylacetate diet during p regnacy on fetal brain grow th in rats J. Tokush im a J Exp M ed (3 4) : [ 10 ] Sw aim an KF W u SR. Phenylalanine and phenylacetate ad2 versely affect develop ing m amm alian brain neurons J. N eu2 ro logy (9) :