, E, PRO GR ESS IN GEO GRA PH Y. V o l122, N o15 Sep t1, 2003 : (2003) , 263, (0 1m ) P93511; P42616

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1 PRO GR ESS IN GEO GRA PH Y V o l122, N o15 Sep t1, 2003 : (2003) , 1, 2, 3 ( ; 21, ; ) : AV HRR pathfinder, , (0 1m ), m, : ; ; ; : P93511; P42616,, [1 2 ] [3 ], : ; ( ) ; ( ) [4 5 ],,,,,,, [6 ] [7 8 ] AV HRR pathfinder, ,, m 1 111, E, N, 1 900km, : ; : : (G ) : (19652),,,, 1E2m ail: yangshengtian@ 2631net

2 5 : km, km 2,, 2%, 15% 12%,, 600mm, 500mm, 400mm [9 ],, 1 200mm [10 ], 215,,,,,,,, AV HRR pathfinder NDV I 4 5, 8km 8km, NDV I, NDV I 4 5,, 3 NDV I,, NDV I 4 5 ab lers ( 47 N, 25 N, 105 N, k rassvo sky ) ( 1), k ringing, 8km 8km, ab lers ( 1), 0 10cm 10 20cm 20 30cm 30 40cm 40 50cm 50 60cm 60 70cm 70 80cm 80 90cm cm 2 211, (V egetation Condition Index, V C I) [11 ] (T emperatu re Condition Index, TC I) [12 ] (A nom aly V egetation Index, AV I) [13 ],,, NDV I NDV I,,, ;,,,,

3 F ig11 T he m ap of w eather station, so il w ater monito ring and calculating regions,,, (V egetation- T empera2 tu re Condition Index, V TC I) [14 ],, [15 ] : L S T N DV I i,m ax - L S T N DV I i V T C I = (1) L S T N DV I i,m ax - L S T N DV I i,m in (1) : L S T N DV I i N DV I L S T ( 2) 2 F ig12 Calculating V TC I :

4 5 : 457 L S T N DV I i,m ax = a + bn D V I i L S T N DV I i,m in = a + b N D V I i (2) (2) : L S T N DV I i,m ax L S T N DV I i,m in, N DV I i, L S T N DV I i N DV I N DV I i, a b a b (1), N DV I i,, N DV I i, V TC I [ 0, 1 ], V TC I,, ;,,, [16 ],,, :,,, 3 3 F ig13 T he flow chart of calculating so il w ater 212, AV HRR NDV I 4 5,, ( 1),

5 ,,,, 1m, NDV I ;,, (N o rm alized D ifference V egetation Index, NDV I), [17 ] : N D V I = Θ2 - Θ1 Θ2 + Θ1 (3) : Θ1 Θ2 AV HRR 1 2 AV HRR pathfinder N DV I (L and su rface temperatu re L ST ) [18 ] NOAA gav HRR 4 5 : L S T = T 4 + [ (T 4 - T 5) ] (T 4 - T 5) Α (1 - Ε) - Β Ε (4) (4) : L S T, T 4 T 5 4 5, : Α= W 3-8 W W + 40; Β = 150 (1 - W g4. 5) (5) (5) : W ggcm 2, Ε= (Ε4 + Ε5) g2; Ε= Ε4 - Ε5 (6) (6) : Ε4 Ε5 4 5, : Ε= ΕvP v + Εg (1 - P v) + 4 w P v (1 - P v) (7) (7) : Εv, , Εg ; , w 4 5 ; , P v : P v = N D V I - N D V Im in N D V Im ax - N D V Im in (8) : N DV Im ax N DV Im in N DV I (1) (2),, NDV I L ST, ( 1), : (3) (8) N DV I L S T Η= p 1 + p 2 e - V GC Igp 3 + p 4 e - M Igp 5 (9) (9) : P 1 P 2 P 3 P 4 P 5, M I = P E (10)

6 5 : 459 (10) P, E ( 2), 1 Tab11 The parameters of VTC I in Y ellow R iver Basin a b a b Tab12 The condition of in specting the model calculating so il water in the top so il ; 3 3 ; m, ( 4), 0195,, 3, 1m, [10 ], cm (

7 g, 5) 5,,,,,, 1m , mm,,, 4 0 1m F ig14 T he co rrelative model among so il w ater of lays in 0 1m p rofile 4,,,,

8 5 : 461,,,,,,, [ 1 ], 1 1, 2002, 21 (4) : [ 2 ],, 1SWA T 1, 2003, 22 (1) : [ 3 ], 1 : - - 1, 1999, 10 (3) : [ 4 ],, 1., [ 5 ],, 1 1, 1999, 10 (3) 1 [ 6 ],, 1., 1999, 14 (2) 1 [ 7 ], 1 1, 1998, 16 (1) : [ 8 ], 1 1 (D ), 2001, 31 (11) : [ 9 ] Zhang RenH ua, Su Hongbo, L i Zhao liang, et al, T he po tential info rm ation in the temperature difference betw een shadow and sunlit of surfaces and a new w ay of retrieving the so il mo isture1 Science in Ch ina (Series D ), 2001, 44 (2) : [ 10 ],, 1 1 :, [ 11 ] Kogan F N 1 Remo te Sensing of W eather Impacts on V egetation in N on- homogeneous A reas1 Int1 J1 of Remo te Sensing, 1990, 11: [ 12 ] Kogan F N 1 A pp lication of V egetation Index and B righ tness T emperature fo r D rough t D etection1 A dvances in Space Research, 1995, 15: [ 13 ],, , 1994, 9: [ 14 ] Gillies, R 1 R 1, Carlson, T 1 N 1, Cui, J1, Kustas, W 1 P1, and H um es, K1 S1, A verification of the triangle m ethod fo r obtaining surface so il w ater content and energy fluxes from remo te m easurem ent of the N o rm alized D if2 ference V egetation Index (NDV I) and surface radiant temperature1 International Journal of Remo te Sensing, 1997, 18, [ 15 ] W ang, P1 - X1, L i, X1 - W 1, Gong, J1 - Y1, and Song, C1 - H 1, V egetation temperature condition index and its app lication fo r drough t monito ring1 P roceedings of IGA RSS 2001 International Geo science and Remo te Sensing Sympo sium, July (Sydney, A ustralia) 1 [ 16 ],, 1 1, 2001, 26 (5) : [ 17 ] Jensen, J1 R 11Introducto ry D igital Im age P rocessing, P rentice- H all, N ew Jersey, 1986, P3791 [ 18 ] P rice J1 C1 L and surface temperature m easurem ents from sp lit- w indow channels of the NOAA - 7 A dvanced V ery H igh Reso lution Radiom eter1 Journal of Geophysical Research, 1984, 89:

9 The M ethod of Calculating So il W ater in Y ellow R iver Basin by Rem ote Sen sing YAN G Shengtian 1,L IU Changm ing 1, 2,W AN G Pengx ing 3 (1. T he In stitu te of Environm en tal Sciences1 Beijing N o rm al U n iversity ; 2. Institute of Geograph ical Sciences and N atural R esources R esearch, CA S ; 3. T he D epartm ent of Environm ent and R esource, Beijing N o rm al U niversity ) Abstract: So ilw ater is a type of w ater resou rce. A lthough there are m any m ethods to mon2 ito r the so il w ater in field, to effectually ob tain data of the so il w ater in m acro scale region is a difficu lt p rob lem w hen evaluating w ater cycle. Yellow R iver is the second river in Ch i2 na, w h ich covers an area of km 2, so it is impo rtan t fo r the w ater m anagem en t to calcu late the so ilw ater. O n the basis of AV HRR - pathfinder data, w e emp loyed the V eg2 etation- T emperatu re Condition Index (V TC I) to mon ito r the land su rface condition. A f2 ter check ing up the remo te sen sing data w ith so ilw ater in the field, w e found that V TC I is sen sib le to the so il w ater in top so il in Yellow R iver Basin, w h ich agrees w ith o ther ach ievem en ṫ Besides, the data of so il w ater in field exp resses obviou s relation of so il w a2 ter betw een up layer so il and dow n layer so il. T herefo re, w e set up a model to calcu late so il w ater in so il p rofile (0 1m ) in Yellow R iver Basin by com b in ing m eteo ro logical info r2 m ation and remo te sen sing data. T he data u sed in the research includes AV HRR - pathfinder data du ring and so il w ater, p recip itation and evapo ration info rm a2 tion, w h ich w ere respectively mon ito red by 29 agricu ltu re w eather station s and 263 nation2 al w eather station ṡ F inally, the calcu lated so il w ater w as compared w ith su rvey data and checked up by the m ethod of w ater balance, and the resu lts are satisfied. It is concluded that ou r m ethod can be app lied in su rveying so il w ater fo r so il p rofile in m acro scale region du ring long tim e and the calcu lated so il w ater can be supp lied to the research of w ater cy2 cle in Yellow R iver Basin1 Key words: Yellow R iver; so il w ater; remo te sen sing; w ater cycle