,,, ;,,, Bergmann (1971)

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1 ( ) Journal of Zhejiang Un iversity( Human ities and Socia l Sc iences) Vol. 36, No. 2 Mar , 2 (11, ; 21, ) [ ],,, CES C D,, [ ] ; ; ; [ ] F240 [ ] A [ ] X (2006) ,,,, Fawcett(1917, 1918), :,, [ 1-2 ] ; Edgeworth (1922),, [ 3 ] ; Bergmann (1971) [ 4 ],, M incer(1974) [ 5 ] ; Doringer Piore (1971) [ 6 ] ; B lau Duncan (1967) [ 7 ] ; Corcoran ( 1979) Marini ( 1989) [ 8-9 ],,, ;,,, Bergmann (1971) [ ] [ ] http: //www. journals. zju. edu. cn / soc [ ] ( ) [ ] 11 (1953 ),,,,, ; 21 (1968 ),,,,,

2 74 ( ) 36,,,, 1. 5% [ 4 ] Pike ( 1982) Tzannatos ( 1989) Bergmann,,, 1 /3, 50%,,, Pike 3%, Tzannatos 5% 6% [ ],,,, 1955, O tis Dudley Duncan Beverly Duncan (1955) [ 12 ],, [ ] : D I = 1 2 F i / F M i /M, D I, F i, M i, F, M,,,?, 0,, 1, ( ),,, 64. 7%, ( 1 2), 64,, 28. 9%, 9. 4%,, 2, , 4 5, , 2,,, [ 15 ], : P W = F iw i / FW P W, F, W, F i W i i,, P W ; P W = 1,, < 1,, P W JAMES S C and NAD IA Z, The Econom ic Progress of B lack W om en S ince 1940: W ages and O ccupations, Unpulished Paper (W ashington, 1990)

3 2, : 75, 2002 ( 2), 0. 73, 1,,, 1 % % : 2000, 2002 Bergmann (1971) [ 4 ] Bergmann,,,,,,,,,,, CES, Cobb Dauglas : Y = ( + ) - / K 1-1 L - m 2 L - f Y, L m L f, K ;,, 1 2,, L f /L m ; 1 1,,,,,,,,, W 3 L 3 Y 3,

4 76 ( ) 36 : W 3 i W i = M P 3 i M P i = Y3 Y L i L 3 i ( m ( 1 L - 1 L 3 - m L - f ) 2 L L 3 - f ), i =m, f,, Dougherty Selowsky (1973),, [ 16 ],, 1, Bowls(1970) 3 9 [ 17 ] Bergmann ( 1971) [ 4 ] ; Pike (1982) 1 3 [ 10 ] ; Tzannatos(1989),,, 6 6, [ 11 ]5 18 :,,,,,,,,, ,, 2002, ; ; ;, C D 2,,, 0. 14,,, (2003),, [ 18 ], 2002, % % : 2003, 2002

5 2, : ,,, 20%,,, 8%, 2. 48% 3 ( 6) % % % % % ,,,,, 6, % ,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,

6 78 ( ) 36,,,,,,,,,,, [ ] [ 1 ] FAWCETTM. The Position ofwomen in Econom ic L ife[m ]. London: A llen & Unwin, [ 2 ] FAWCETT M. Equal Pay for EqualWork[ J ]. Econom ic journal, 1918, 28: 1 6. [ 3 ] EDGEWORTH F Y. Equal Pay to Men and Woman for EqualWork[ J ]. Econom ic journal, 1922, 32: [ 4 ] BERGMANN B. The Effect on Incomes of D iscrim ination in Emp loyment[ J ]. Journal of Political Economy, 1971, 79: [ 5 ] M INCER J. Individual Acquisition of Earning Power, in Schooling, Experience, and Earnings[M ]. New York: National Bureau of Econom ic Research, [ 6 ] DOR INGER P, P IORE M. Internal LabourMarkets and Manpower Analysis[M ]. Lexington, Mass: D, C. Heath, [ 7 ] BLAU P M, OTIS D D. The American Occupational Structure[M ]. New York: John W i1ey, [ 8 ] CORCORAN M E. Work Experience, Labor Force W ithdrawals, and Womenπs W ages: Emp irical Results U sing the 1976 Panel Income Dynam ics, In Women in the Labor M arket[m ]. New York: Colnmbia University Press, [ 9 ] MARGARET M M. Sex D ifferences in Earnings in the United States [ J ]. Annual Review of Sociology, 1989, 15: [ 1 0 ] P IKE M. Segregation by sex, EarningsD ifferentials and Equal Pay: An App lication of a Job CrowdingModel to UK Data[ J ]. App lied Econom ics, 1982, 14 ( 5) : [ 1 1 ] TZANNATOS Z. The Long2Run Effects of the Sex Integration of the UK Labor Market[ J ]. Journal of Econom ic Studies, 1989, 15 ( 1) : [ 1 2 ] OTIS D D, BEVERLY D. A M ethodological Analysis of Segregation Indexs[ J ]. American Sociological Review, 1955: [ 1 3 ] SEE H H, DONALD T. Women, Work and W ages: Equal Pay for Jobs of Equal Value [ M ]. W ashington: National Academy Press, [ 1 4 ] MARY C K. Occupational Segregation by Race and Sex, [J ]. Monthly Labor Review, 1992, (4) : [ 1 5 ]. [ J ]., 2004, (2) : [ 1 6 ] DOUGHERTY C, SELOW SKY M. Measuring the Effects of the M isallocation of Labour [ J ]. the Review of Econom ics and Statistics, 1973, 55: [ 1 7 ] BOWLES S. Aggregation of Labour Inputs in the Econom ics of Growth and Planning: Experiments with a Two2level CES Function[ J ]. Journal of political Economy, 1970, 78 ( 1) : [ 1 8 ]. [M ]. :, 2003.

7 2, : 79 The Econom ic Effects of O ccupa tiona l Segrega tion An Analysis on Occupational D iscrim ination against Chinese U rban Female Labor YAO Xian2guo 1, X IE Si2sheng 2 (1. College of Public A dm inistra tion, Zhejiang U n iversity, Hangzhou , China; 2. College of Econom ics & M anagem ent, N anjing U niversity of Aeronautics and Astronautics, N anjing , China) Abstract: Gender discrim ination in the labor market is a w idesp read phenom enon, and occupational segregation is one of the m ain kinds of discrim ination. In order to analyze the econom ic effects on occupational segregation of gender in the Chinese urban emp loyment population, we measured the level of occupational segregation by dissim ilarity index and estimated the change of the gender p roportion of labor in various occupation, the wages and national incomes by CES and C - D p roduction function. The purpose is to offer som e suggestions to governm ent policies for elim inating occupational segregation in light of the conclusion of econom etric analysis. First, according to the Fifth National Census data, we made use of the dissim ilarity index method to calculate the occupation (medium type) of Chinese urban emp loyment population, we concluded that if the occupational distribution of the male stays rem ains unchanged, and the distributive p roportion of the both male and female population in each occupation continues to be the same, then 64. 7% of the female would need to shift occupation in order to equalize the p roportions of the male. Therefore, we can say that there exists serious occupational segregation in the current Chinese urban emp loyment population. Next, using CES and C - D p roduction function model and assum ing the value of constant elasticity of substitution to be 6, if occupational segregation is elim inated, female wages would increase by more than 20%. The m ale would suffer certain income loss, but the drop would be trivial, less than 8%. On the other hand, the number of emp loyed fem ale would decrease dramatically because of the wages increase. Desp ite some shortcom ings, national incomes would increase by 2. 48%, w ith more efficient allocation of m ale and fem ale emp loyment population. The gains in national incomes would still be sufficient to p revent any substantial decline in male earnings while at the same time allow fem ales a greater choice in their occupation and a higher earnings potential. Given the fact that at p resent our country still has no special laws aim ing at elim inating labor market discrim ination, it is very difficult to p revent gender discrim ination under the current labor law. Occupational segregation w ill exist over a long time and we m ust pay significant attention to the situation. Key words: occupational segregation; gender discrim ination; dissim ilarity index; p roduction function