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15 Wechsler,D.(1958).Themeasurementandappraisalofadultintelligence,4 th ed. Baltimore:TheWilliams&WilkinsCompany. Wechsler,D.(2008).WechslerAdultIntelligenceScaleFourthEdition(WAISIV).San Antonio,TX:Pearson. Weissman,M.M.(1999).SASSR:SocialAdjustmentScale SelfReport.Toronto,Canada: MultiHealthSystems. Yalcin,B.M.,Karahan,T.F.,Ozcelik,M.,&Igde,F.A.(2008).Theeffectsofanemotional intelligenceprogramonthequalityoflifeandwellbeingofpatientswithtype2 diabetesmellitus.thediabeteseducator,34(6), Zachary,R.A.,&Gorsuch,R.L.(1985).Continuousnorming:ImplicationsfortheWAISR. JournalofClinicalPsychology,41,8694. EQi2.0User shandbook:previewversion 299 Copyright2011MultiHealthSystemsInc.Allrightsreserved.

16 Appendix EQi2.0User shandbook:previewversion 300 Copyright2011MultiHealthSystemsInc.Allrightsreserved.

17 301 AppendixA:Standardization, Reliability,andValidity Thisappendixdetailsthestatisticalresultspertainingtothestandardization,reliability, andvalidityoftheeqi 2.0andEQ ,assummarizedinchapter13. TableA.1.DemographicCharacteristicsofEQi2.0PilotData ThefollowingtablesummarizesthedemographiccharacteristicsoftheEQi2.0pilotdata. Ideally,pilotdatashouldincluderepresentationfromawiderangeofdemographic(gender,age, race,educationlevel)groups. Demographic N % Gender AgeGroup(Years) Race/Ethnicity EducationLevel Male Female Black Hispanic/Latino White 1, Other HighSchoolorLess SomeCollege/University College/UniversityorHigher Missing Total 1,

18 302 TableA.2.ComparisonofEQi2.0ScoresinU.S.andCanadianSamples ThefollowingtableprovidesmeanandstandarddeviationsofEQi2.0scoresinU.S.and Canadiansamples.dvaluesprovideaneffectsizetodescribedifferencesbetweenthetwo countriesassmall,medium,orlarge.fandpvaluesprovidestatisticalsignificancetestsforthese differences.alackofmeaningful(i.e.,d.20)differencesbetweenu.s.andcanadian participantssupportscombiningthetwocountriesinthenormativesample. Scale U.S. Canada d F p TotalEI M SD SelfPerceptionComposite M SD SelfRegard M SD SelfActualization M SD EmotionalSelfAwareness M SD SelfExpressionComposite M SD EmotionalExpression M SD Assertiveness M SD Independence M SD InterpersonalComposite M SD InterpersonalRelationships M SD Empathy M SD SocialResponsibility M SD DecisionMakingComposite M SD ProblemSolving M SD RealityTesting M SD ImpulseControl M SD StressManagementComposite M SD Flexibility M SD tablecontinuesonnextpage

19 303 TableA.2.ComparisonofEQi2.0ScoresinU.S.andCanadianSamples(continued) Scale U.S. Canada d F p StressTolerance M SD Optimism M SD Happiness M SD Note.Samplesizeranges(duetomissingdata):U.S.,N=5,902to5,905;Canada,N=507to508. dfforftests:totalei=1,6407;compositescales=1,6406;subscales=1,6403.positive Cohen'sdvaluessignifyhighermeansintheU.S.group,negativeCohen'sdvaluessignifyhigher meansinthecanadiangroup.guidelinesforevaluating d are.20=small,.50=medium,.80= large. TableA.3.Age GenderDistribution:EQi2.0NormativeSample ThefollowingtableconveysthedistributionofEQi2.0normativesampleparticipants, categorizedbyagegroupandgender.anidealdistributionisonethatissimilarlyproportioned acrossallgroups,demonstratingequalrepresentationofallage gendergroups. AgeGroup(Years) Male Female Total N % N % N % Total 2, , , TableA.4.Race/EthnicityDistribution:EQi2.0NormativeSample Thefollowingtablesummarizestherace/ethnicitydistributionoftheEQi2.0normativesample alongwithcensusinformation.ideally,thenormativesampleshouldshowrace/ethnicity proportionssimilar(within3%)ofcensus,suggestingthenormativesampleisrepresentativeof thegeneralpopulation. Country Race/Ethnicity N % Census% Black Hispanic/Latino U.S. White 2, Other Total 3, White Canada NonWhite Total

20 304 TableA.5.GeographicRegionDistribution:EQi2.0NormativeSample ThefollowingtablesummarizesthegeographicregiondistributionoftheEQi2.0normative samplealongwithcensusinformation.ideally,thenormativesampleshouldshowregion proportionssimilar(within3%)ofcensus,suggestingthenormativesampleisrepresentativeof thegeneralpopulation. Country Region N % Census% Northeast Midwest U.S. South 1, West Total 3, West Prairies Canada Central East Total TableA.6.EducationLevelDistribution:EQi2.0NormativeSample Thefollowingtablesummarizestheeducationlevel(i.e.,highestlevelofattainededucation) distributionoftheeqi2.0normativesamplealongwithcensusinformation.ideally,the normativesampleshouldshowregionproportionssimilar(within3%)ofcensus,suggestingthe normativesampleisrepresentativeofthegeneralpopulation. Country EducationLevel N % Census% U.S.and Canada Highschooldiplomaorless 1, Somecollege/university 1, College/universitygraduateorhigher 1, Total 4, TableA.7.MultivariateEffectsofAgeandGender:EQi2.0 Thefollowingtablesummarizestheresultsfromthemultivariateanalysesofcovariance (MANCOVAs)conductedonthecompositescalesandsubscalestoexaminepotentialeffectsof gender,age,ortheinteractionbetweengenderandageoneqi2.0scoresinthenormative sample.wilks lambdarangesfrom0.00to1.00anddepictstheamountofvariancenot explainedbythedemographicvariable.fandpvaluesconveythestatisticalsignificanceofthe demographicvariables.partial 2 valuesprovideaneffectsizefordescribingtheeffectsassmall, medium,orlarge.meaningfuleffectsizes(i.e.,partial 2.01)suggestdifferencesamong participantsbasedonthedemographicvariable. Demographic Wilks Analysis F(df) p Partial 2 Variable Lambda Composite Scales Gender (5,3984) < Age (20, ) < Gender Age (20, ) tablecontinuesonnextpage

21 305 TableA.7.MultivariateEffectsofAgeandGender:EQi2.0(continued) Analysis Subscales Demographic Wilks Variable Lambda F(df) p Partial 2 Gender (15,3970) < Age (64, ) < Gender Age (64, ) TableA.8.EffectSizesforGenderandAgeEffectsintheEQi2.0NormativeSample Thefollowingtablesummarizestheeffectsizesfortheeffectsofgender,age,andthegender ageinteractionontheeqi2.0totaleiscore,compositescales,andsubscalesinthenormative sample.meaningfuleffectsizes(i.e., d.20,partial 2.01)suggestdifferencesamong participantsbasedonthedemographicvariable,andthatseparatedemographicnormgroups mayberequired. Gender Age Scale Gender(Cohen s d) Age (partial 2 ) Interaction (partial 2 ) TotalEI SelfPerceptionComposite SelfRegard SelfActualization EmotionalSelfAwareness SelfExpressionComposite EmotionalExpression Assertiveness Independence InterpersonalComposite InterpersonalRelationships Empathy SocialResponsibility DecisionMakingComposite ProblemSolving RealityTesting ImpulseControl StressManagementComposite Flexibility StressTolerance Optimism Happiness Note.N=4,000.PositiveCohen sdvaluesrepresenthigherscoresinmales,negativecohen sd valuesrepresenthigherscoresinfemales.guidelinesforevaluating d are.20=small,.50= medium,.80=large.guidelinesforevaluatingpartial 2 are.01=small,.06=medium,.14= large.

22 306 TableA.9.GenderDifferencesinEQi2.0Scores ThefollowingtableprovidesEQi2.0meansandstandarddeviationsformalesandfemalesin thenormativesample.fandpvaluesconveythestatisticalsignificanceofgenderdifferences. Scale Male(N=2,000) Female(N=1,996) F(1,3985) p TotalEI M SD SelfPerceptionComposite M SD SelfRegard M SD <.001 SelfActualization M SD EmotionalSelfAwareness M SD <.001 SelfExpressionComposite M SD EmotionalExpression M SD <.001 Assertiveness M SD <.001 Independence M SD <.001 InterpersonalComposite M SD <.001 InterpersonalRelationships M SD <.001 Empathy M SD <.001 SocialResponsibility M SD <.001 DecisionMakingComposite M SD <.001 ProblemSolving M SD <.001 RealityTesting M SD ImpulseControl M SD StressManagementComposite M SD Flexibility M SD StressTolerance M SD <.001 Optimism M SD Happiness M SD

23 307 TableA.10.AgeDifferencesinEQi2.0Scores ThefollowingtableprovidesmeansandstandarddeviationsfortheEQi2.0TotalEIscore, compositescales,andsubscalesforthevariousagegroupsintheeqi2.0normativesample.f andpvaluesconveythestatisticalsignificanceofagedifferences Scale (N=799) (N=799) (N=800) (N=800) (N=799) TotalEI M SD SelfPerception M Composite SD SelfRegard M SD SelfActualization M SD EmotionalSelf M Awareness SD SelfExpression M Composite SD Emotional M Expression SD Assertiveness M SD Independence M SD Interpersonal M Composite SD Interpersonal M Relationships SD Empathy M SD SocialResponsibility M SD DecisionMaking M Composite SD ProblemSolving M SD RealityTesting M SD ImpulseControl M SD Stress M Management SD Composite Flexibility M SD StressTolerance M SD Optimism M SD Happiness M SD F (1,3985) p <.001 <.001 < < <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001

24 308 FigureA.1.HistogramofEQi2.0TotalEIStandardScoresintheNormativeSample ThefollowingfigureillustratesthedistributionofEQi2.0TotalEIscoresinthenormative sample.obviousdeviationfromthenormal( bellshaped )curvesuggestsanormalizing transformationshouldbeappliedtoeqi2.0scores. EQi2.0TotalEIStandardScore

25 309 TableA.11.InternalConsistency:EQi2.0NormativeSample Thefollowingtablesummarizestheinternalconsistency(Cronbach salpha)valuesforthe EQi2.0TotalEIscore,compositescales,andsubscalesintheEQi2.0overallnormativesample andwithingenderbyagesubsamples.alphavaluesrangefrom0.00to1.00withhighervalues supportingthereliabilityoftheeqi2.0. EQi2.0NormativeGroup #of General Male Female items (Total Scale Sample) TotalEI SelfPerception Composite SelfRegard SelfActualization EmotionalSelf Awareness SelfExpression Composite EmotionalExpression Assertiveness Independence Interpersonal Composite Interpersonal Relationships Empathy SocialResponsibility DecisionMaking Composite ProblemSolving RealityTesting ImpulseControl StressManagement Composite Flexibility StressTolerance Optimism Happiness N 4,

26 310 TableA.12.DemographicCharacteristicsoftheEQi2.0TestRetestSamples ThefollowingtablesummarizesthedemographiccharacteristicsoftheEQi2.0testretest samples.ideally,thesesamplesshouldincluderepresentationfromawiderangeofdemographic groups. 2 4Weeks 8Weeks Demographic N % N % Gender Male Race/Ethnicity AgeGroup(Years) Female Black Hispanic/Latino White Other M(SD) 47.7(15.2) 51.4(13.9) Total

27 311 TableA.13.EQi2.0TestretestCorrelationsandDescriptiveStatistics Thefollowingtablesummarizesthetestretestcorrelationsandtime1andtime2meansand standarddeviationsfortheeqi2.0totaleiscore,compositescales,andsubscalesinthe2 4 weekand8weekretestsamples.correlationsrangefrom0.00to1.00withhighervalues suggestinggreatertestretestreliability. 2 4Weeks 8Weeks Test Time1 Time2 Test Time1 Time2 Scale retestr M SD M SD retestr M SD M SD TotalEI SelfPerception Composite SelfRegard SelfActualization EmotionalSelfAwareness SelfExpressionComposite EmotionalExpression Assertiveness Independence InterpersonalComposite Interpersonal Relationships Empathy SocialResponsibility DecisionMaking Composite ProblemSolving RealityTesting ImpulseControl StressManagement Composite Flexibility StressTolerance Optimism Happiness Note.2to4weektestretestN=204,timeintervalmean=18.4days(SD=3.2days),range= 14 28days.8weektestretestN=104,timeintervalmean=56.8days(SD=1.3days),range= 54 59days.

28 312 TableA.14.DifferencesbetweenTime1andTime2EQi2.0StandardScores:2 4 WeekInterval Thefollowingtablesummarizesthedifferencesbetweentime1andtime2scoresfortheEQi2.0 TotalEIscore,compositescales,andsubscalesforthe2 4weektestretestsample.Thefirstset ofresults(%ofrespondents)liststhepercentageofrespondentswhosescoresdecreasedby morethan15points,changedby15pointsorless,orincreasedbymorethan15pointsover time.testreteststabilityissupportedifthemajorityofrespondentsshowchangesof15points orlessovertime.themeanandstandarddeviationofthesedifferencesacrossparticipantsis alsoprovided,alongwiththe95%confidenceinterval(ci),whichillustrateswhetherthe differenceisstatisticallymeaningfulforthesampleasawhole.thatis,iftheciincludeszero betweenthelowerbound(lb)andupperbound(ub),thedifferenceisnotstatistically meaningful. %ofrespondents 95%CI Scale ScoresDecreased MoreThan1SD (15points) ScoresChanged by1sdorless (15points) ScoresIncreased MoreThan1SD (15points) M Diff SD LB UB TotalEI SelfPerception Composite SelfRegard SelfActualization EmotionalSelf Awareness SelfExpression Composite EmotionalExpression Assertiveness Independence Interpersonal Composite Interpersonal Relationships Empathy SocialResponsibility DecisionMaking Composite ProblemSolving RealityTesting ImpulseControl StressManagement Composite Flexibility StressTolerance Optimism Happiness Note. N = 204. M Diff = mean difference; CI = confidence interval; LB = lower bound, UB = upper bound.

29 313 TableA.15.DifferencesbetweenTime1andTime2EQi2.0StandardScores:8Week Interval Thefollowingtablesummarizesthedifferencesbetweentime1andtime2scoresfortheEQi2.0 TotalEIscore,compositescales,andsubscalesforthe8weektestretestsample.Thefirstsetof results(%ofrespondents)liststhepercentageofrespondentswhosescoresdecreasedbymore than15points,changedby15pointsorless,orincreasedbymorethan15pointsovertime. Testreteststabilityissupportedifthemajorityofrespondentsshowchangesof15pointsorless overtime.themeanandstandarddeviationofthesedifferencesacrossparticipantsisalso provided,alongwiththe95%confidenceinterval(ci),whichillustrateswhetherthedifferenceis statisticallymeaningfulforthesampleasawhole.thatis,iftheciincludeszerobetweenthe lowerbound(lb)andupperbound(ub),thedifferenceisnotstatisticallymeaningful. %ofrespondents 95%CI Scale ScoresDecreased Morethan1SD (15Points) ScoresChanged by1sdorless (15Points) ScoresIncreased Morethan1SD (15Points) M Diff SD LB UB TotalEI SelfPerception Composite SelfRegard SelfActualization EmotionalSelf Awareness SelfExpression Composite EmotionalExpression Assertiveness Independence Interpersonal Composite Interpersonal Relationships Empathy SocialResponsibility DecisionMaking Composite ProblemSolving RealityTesting ImpulseControl StressManagement Composite Flexibility StressTolerance Optimism Happiness Note.N=104.MDiff=meandifference;CI=confidenceinterval;LB=lowerbound,UB=upper bound.

30 314 TableA.16.DemographicDistributionsofEQi2.0ExploratoryandConfirmatory NormativeSubsamples Thefollowingtablesummarizesthedemographiccharacteristicsofthesubsamplesofthe EQi2.0normativesample,createdforperformingexploratoryfactoranalysisandconfirmatory factoranalysis.ideally,thetwosamplesshouldshowsimilardemographiccharacteristics. Demographic Gender AgeGroup(Years) ExploratorySample ConfirmatorySample N % N % Male 1, , Female 1, , Race/Ethnicity EducationLevel M(SD) 44.6(15.0) 44.7(15.2) Black Hispanic/Latino White 1, , Other HighSchoolorLess SomeCollege/University College/UniversityorHigher GeographicRegion Northeast U.S. Midwest South West West Canada Prairies Central East Total 2, ,

31 315 TableA.17.ConfirmatoryFactorAnalysisResultsforEQi2.0 Thefollowingtableprovidesthefitstatisticsgeneratedbytheconfirmatoryfactoranalysesof theeqi2.0.valuesbelow.100forthermseaandabove.900forallotherfitstatisticssuggest thefactorstructurethatemergedfromtheexploratoryfactoranalyseswasindependently replicatedintheconfirmatoryfactoranalysis. FitIndex Overall Composites Model SelfPerception SelfExpression Interpersonal Decision Making Stress Management GFI AGFI NFI NNFI CFI RMSEA Note.N=2,000.GFI=GoodnessofFitIndex(Jöreskog&Sörbom,1986),AGFI=Adjusted GoodnessofFitIndex(Jöreskog&Sörbom,1986),NFI=NormedFitIndex(Bentler&Bonett, 1980),NNFI=NonNormedFitIndex(Bentler&Bonett,1980),CFI=ComparativeFitIndex (Bentler,1990),RMSEA=RootMeanSquareErrorofApproximation(Steiger&Lind,1980). TableA.18.CorrelationsamongEQi2.0CompositeScales ThefollowingtableillustratesthecorrelationsamongtheEQi2.0compositescalesinthe EQi2.0normativesample.Correlationsrangefrom0.00to1.00,withhighervaluessuggesting thescalessharearelevantcommonpsychologicalcharacteristic(i.e.,emotionalintelligence), supportingthefactorstructureoftheeqi2.0. CompositeScale SPCOMP SECOMP ICOMP DMCOMP SMCOMP SPCOMP.SelfPerceptionComposite SECOMP.SelfExpressionComposite.73 ICOMP.InterpersonalComposite DMCOMP.DecisionMakingComposite SMCOMP.StressManagementComposite Note.N=4,000.Allcorrelationssignificantatp<.01.Guidelinesforevaluatingrare.10=small,.30=medium,.50=large.

32 316 TableA.19.CorrelationsamongEQi2.0Subscales ThefollowingtableillustratesthecorrelationsamongtheEQi2.0subscalesintheEQi2.0 normativesample.correlationsrangefrom0.00to1.00,withhighervaluessuggestingthescales sharearelevantcommonpsychologicalcharacteristic(i.e.,emotionalintelligence),supporting thefactorstructureoftheeqi2.0.shadedcellsportraycorrelationsofsubscaleswithintheir respectivecompositescales. Subscale SR SA ES EE AS IN IR EM RE PS RT IC FL ST OP HA SR.SelfRegard SA.Self Actualization.70 ES.Emotional SelfAwareness EE.Emotional Expression AS. Assertiveness IN. Independence IR.Interpersonal.56 Relationships EM.Empathy RE.Social Responsibility PS.Problem Solving RT.Reality Testing IC.Impulse Control FL.Flexibility ST.Stress Tolerance OP.Optimism HA.Happiness Note.N=4,000.Allcorrelationssignificantatp<.01.Guidelinesforevaluatingrare.10=small,.30= medium,.50=large.