A regulatory pathway of autophagy and tumor

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Αγάθη Χατζηιωάννου
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1 Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences Vol. 23, No. 1 Jan., 2011 ( ) mtor Beclin1 mto R B e c lin 1 Q25; R A A regulatory pathway of autophagy and tumor ZHANG Xiu-Chun 1, LI Dan-Ni, LI Feng 2 * (1 College of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang , China; 2 Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang , China) Abstract: Autophagy is a process of self-degradation of cellular components, in which double-membrane autophagosome sequester organelles or portions of cytosol and fuse with lysosomes for breakdown. It has the unique morphological changes and specific regulatory pathways. As the convergences of various pathways, mtor complex and Beclin1 complex play a crucial role in the regulation of autophagy. On the one hand, autophagy maintains cell homeostasis by elimating damaged organelles, as well as removing misfolded or aggregated proteins. On the other hand, it also can result in cell death. A growing body of evidence indicates that autophagy is associated with a number of diseases, especially the cancer, and is the double-edged sword in the modulation of cancer. Key words: autophagy mtor Beclin1 tumor phagy ( ) [1] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( A A 0 2 Z ) ( ) PAS(pre-autophagosomal structure) [2] [3] a u t o ( ) fil@mail.cmu.edu.cn

2 ( ) 31 Atg [4] [7] (autophagy related gene) Atg (1)Atg1-Atg11-Atg17-Atg20-Atg24-Atg29-Atg31 Atg13-Atg8 mtor mtor mtor Atg13 Atg1 [5] Atg1 m T O R A tg 13 A tg 1 [8,9] Atg1 [6] ( 1 ) (2)Atg6-Atg14-Vps34-Vps15

3 2 1 Vps34 Class PI3K Atg7 Atg3 LC3-I- PI Atg3 LC3-I C PE PI3P LC3-II-PE [10] Atg21 PAS LC3-II [10,11] [12] Atg24 ( 1) Atg4 Atg12-Atg5 (3) Atg12-Atg5-Atg16 LC3-II-PE ( 2) [12] Atg12 Atg5 Atg7 Atg10 [13] Atg7 ATP II Atg3 Atg12 Atg5 Atg12 Atg12-Atg5 Atg12 Atg10 Atg12- Atg10 Atg12-Atg5 Atg5 Atg16 Atg5 Atg12-Atg5-Atg16 Atg12-Atg5 Atg16 [14] LC3-II-PE Atg10 LC3-I A t g1 2 A tg 5 LC3-II-PE Atg12- PAS LC3- Atg12-Atg5 II-PE Atg4 [12] [10] LC3-II-PE ( 1) LC(Atg8 ) Atg4 (4)

4 2 2 Akt Akt mtor LAMP1 LAMP2 GTP Rab7 UVRAG(the protein product of the ultraviolet-radiation-resistance-associated gene) UVRAG Beclin1 Vps34 (tethering protein Beclin1 ) Rab7 [15] PTEN class PI3K PTEN Akt [19] class PI3K/AKT class PI3K(Vps34) Beclin1 Bcl-2 Beclin1 UVRAG Vps34 Beclin1/Vps34 Beclin1 mtor Beclin1 ( 2) (1)Bcl-2 UVRAG DAPK(death-associated protein kinase DAPK) CDK Atg (2)Vps34 PI3P [16] 30 Atg Atg mtor Atg mtor Vps34 class PI3K class PI3K mtor class PI3K mtor (PI) PI3P PI(3,4)P2 PI(3,4,5) mtorc1 P3 Vps34 Beclin1 (ECD) (mt OR Gβ L ra pt or ) mt OR C2 (1) ( m T O R m L S T 8 r i c t o r S I N 1 p r o t o r ) PI3P mtorc1 [20] (2) mtorc2 mtor / [21] mtor Beclin 1 [17] mtor Bcl-2 (1)mTOR (BH3) (CCD) 4E-BP1( ( E C D ) 4E 1) S6K1 ( S6 Beclin1 ) [15,18] Bcl-2 UVRAG (2) mtor Atg Beclin1 Bcl-2 mtor [22] mtor Beclin1 BH3 Beclin1 Vps34 PI3K-AKT Atg PI3K-AKT mtor PAS AMPK AMP/ATP c- m T O R Jun N JNK1 Bcl-2 PI3K-AKT PI3K [23] Beclin1 class PI3K Bcl-2 Beclin1 class PI3K PIP2 PIP3 Beclin1

5 2 3 Bcl-2 JNK 3 h HeLa DAPK Bcl-2 BH3 [24] UVRAG Beclin1 Beclin1 CCD UVRAG Beclin1 Vps34 [20] Cdk1 Cdk5 Vps34 PI3P Cdk1 T159 Vps34 Vps34 Beclin1 Cdk5 Vps34 T159 T668 T668 1/3 [25] Vps34 [ 6 ] mtor Beclin1 mtor Beclin1 Vps34 V p s 3 4 mtor Vps34 Beclin1 Vps34 Vps34 mtor [26,27] [31] Beclin1 Qu [36] beclin1 +/- Ahn [28] Ding Beclin1 103 [37] Beclin1 9 5 % 8 3 % Beclin1 Beclin1 Tang [29] HBV Beclin1 DNA mrna Beclin1 [1,38] DNA Beclin1 4% 37% [32] [33-35] ( ) mtor Beclin1 [30] [31]

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7 2 5 inflammation, and tumorgenesis. Cancer Cell, 2006, 10(1): [35] Lum JJ, Bauer DE, Kong M, et al. Growth factor regulation of autophagy and cell survival in the absence of apoptosis. Cell, 2005, 120(2): [36] Qu X, Yu J, Bhagat G, et al. Promotion of tumorigenesis by heterozygous disruption of the beclin1 autophagy gene. J Clin Invest, 2003, 112(12): [37] Ding ZB, Shi YH, Zhou J, et al. Association of autophagy defect with a malignant phenotype and poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Res, 2008, 68(22): [38] Jin S, White E. Role of autophagy in cancer: management of metabolic stress. Autophagy, 2007, 3(1): [39] Miracco C, Cosci E, Oliveri G, et al. Protein and mrna expression of autophagy gene Beclin 1 in human brain tumours. Int J Oncol, 2007, 30(2): [40] Toth S, Nagy K, Palfla Z, et al. Cellular autophagic capacity changes during azaserine-induced tumor progression in the rat pancreas. Up-regulation in all premalignant stages and down-regulation with loss of cycloheximide sensitivity of segregation along with malignant transformation. Cell Tissue Res, 2002, 309(3):

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