SECTION II: PROBABILITY MODELS

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1 SECTION II: PROBABILITY MODELS 1

3 SECTION II: Aggregate Data. Fraction of births with low birth weight per province. Model A: OLS, using observations Heteroskedasticity-robust standard errors, variant HC1 const m age married momage momage inlf Sum squared resid S.E. of regression R Adjusted R F (5, 254) P-value(F ) 1.06e 15 Log-likelihood Akaike criterion Schwarz criterion Hannan Quinn

4 Model B: Pooled OLS, using 260 observations const m age married momage momage inlf Dyear Dyear Dyear Dyear Sum squared resid S.E. of regression R Adjusted R F (9, 250) P-value(F ) 5.06e 15 Log-likelihood Akaike criterion Schwarz criterion Hannan Quinn ˆρ Durbin Watson

5 Model C: Fixed-effects, using 260 observations Robust (HAC) standard errors const momage momage inlf Sum squared resid S.E. of regression LSDV R Within R F (54, 205) P-value(F ) 2.41e 48 Log-likelihood Akaike criterion Schwarz criterion Hannan Quinn ˆρ Durbin Watson Joint test on named regressors Test statistic: F (3, 205) = with p-value = P (F (3, 205) > ) = Test for differing group intercepts Null hypothesis: The groups have a common intercept Test statistic: F (51, 205) = with p-value = P (F (51, 205) > ) = e-36

6 Model D: Fixed-effects, using 260 observations Robust (HAC) standard errors const momage momage inlf dt dt dt dt Sum squared resid S.E. of regression LSDV R Within R F (58, 201) P-value(F ) 3.32e 49 Log-likelihood Akaike criterion Schwarz criterion Hannan Quinn ˆρ Durbin Watson Joint test on named regressors Test statistic: F (7, 201) = with p-value = P (F (7, 201) > ) = e-06 Test for differing group intercepts Null hypothesis: The groups have a common intercept Test statistic: F (51, 201) = with p-value = P (F (51, 201) > ) = e-37 Wald test for joint significance of time dummies Asymptotic test statistic: χ 2 (4) = with p-value =

7 Model E: Fixed-effects, using 260 observations Robust (HAC) standard errors const momage momage inlf Dyear Dyear Dyear Dyear Sum squared resid S.E. of regression LSDV R Within R F (58, 201) P-value(F ) 3.32e 49 Log-likelihood Akaike criterion Schwarz criterion Hannan Quinn ˆρ Durbin Watson Joint test on named regressors Test statistic: F (7, 201) = with p-value = P (F (7, 201) > ) = e-06 Test for differing group intercepts Null hypothesis: The groups have a common intercept Test statistic: F (51, 201) = with p-value = P (F (51, 201) > ) = e-37

8 Model F: Random-effects (GLS), using 260 observations const m age married momage momage inlf Dyear Dyear Dyear Dyear Sum squared resid S.E. of regression Log-likelihood Akaike criterion Schwarz criterion Hannan Quinn ˆσ 2 ε = e 05 ˆσ 2 u = e 05 θ = Breusch-Pagan test Null hypothesis: Variance of the unit-specific error = 0 Asymptotic test statistic: χ 2 (1) = with p-value = e-52 Hausman test Null hypothesis: GLS estimates are consistent Asymptotic test statistic: χ 2 (7) = with p-value =

9 SECTION II. INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES: Microdata. work status Birth weight and mother s Table 1: Birth weight and mother s work status: Models (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) OLS OLS OLS OLS OLS 2SLS 2SLS OLS VARIABLES bw inlf inlf bw bw bw bw e1 inlf (0.344) (24.362) (14.615) (24.938) (15.028) momage (0.036) (0.000) (0.000) (0.601) (0.362) (0.615) (0.372) (0.036) married (0.420) (0.000) (0.000) (0.687) (0.531) (0.704) (0.548) (0.433) qbirth1m (0.001) (0.001) (0.601) qbirth1p (0.001) (0.593) v (24.364) v (14.619) Constant 3, , , , , (1.054) (0.001) (0.001) (4.169) (2.640) (4.268) (2.715) (1.087) F excluded instruments p-value= p-value= Ex. Instr. qbirth1m qbirth1m and qbirth1p Observations R-squared *10ˆ(-7) v1=residuals model column 2 v2=residuals model column 3 e1=residuals model column 7 The dependent variable and the estimator used are indicated at the top of each column. 9

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