arnold Ciqobavas sakitxavebi XXV

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1 arnold Ciqobavas sakitxavebi XXV

2 ivane JavaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti arnold Ciqobavas saxelobis enatmecnierebis instituti arnold Ciqo qoba bavas saki kitxa Txave vebi XXV 2014 wlis aprili masalebi Tbilisi

3 samecniero sesia gaimarteba arn. Ciqobavas saxelobis enatmec mecni niere rebis insti stitu tutis tis sxdoma mata darbaz bazsi (p. ingorokvas quca #8, meore sartuli) r e g l a m e n t i momxsenebels _ 10 wuti msjelobasi monawiles _ 3 wuti redaqtori _ v. Senge ngelia arn. Ciqobavas saxelobis enatmecnierebis instituti ISBN 2

4 musa Saobis gegma 14 apri rili li, 11 saati v. Sengelia, fragmentebi mogonebidan akademikos arnold Ciqobavaze a. arabuli, kidev ertxel gasuli saukunis saenatmecniero diskusiis Sesaxeb m. suxisvili, kauzativi nazmnar saxelebsi r. WikaZe, martivi winadadebis Sedgenilobis mecnieruli Seswavlis sataveebtan g. gogolasvili, e xmovniani zmnuri fuzeebi qartulsi n. WoxoneliZe,marTulmsazRvreliani xalxuri leqsikuri Sesityvebebi da frazeologizmebi r. inanisvilis enis mixedvit T. lomtaze, qartul-ebrauli leqsikuri kontaqtebisatvis n. xaxiasvili, dager gersva sityvis istoriisatvis n. jorbenaze, termin `ortografiulisa~ da leqsikonta kvalifikacia-klasifikaciis sakitxisatvis qartulsi l. kelauraze, amosavali pirdapiri obieqtisa da finaluri subieqtis mravlobitobis /en en/ nisnis rekonstruqciisatvis saertoqartvelursi m. jrarkava, erti semantikuri jgufis zmnata morfologiuri saxe megrulsa da lazursi r. kanarkovski (krakovi), adamianis sxeulis nawilta saxelwodebani ubixursi 3

5 15 apri rili li, 11 saati n. mawavariani, zmnis satanao kategoriis warmoebis kvali qartulsi s. omiaze, ndobisa da undoblobis signalebi lingvopragmatikuli TvalsazrisiT m. robaqize, `maw~ ZirisaTvis qartul da somxur enebsi T. gvancelaze, pirisa da gramatikuli klasis nisanta gaxmovanebis wesebi afxazur enasi m. tuskia, T. vaúaraze, nasaxelar zmnata warmoqmnis Taviseburebani qartulsi f. afxaize, ferta saxelebis semantikis SepirispirebiTi kvlevistvis n. surmava, -ve nawilakis ucnobi funqciisatvis qartvel ebraelta metyvelebasi r. gersamia, qartvelur enata fonosemantikuri leqsikis Seswavlis sataveebtan k. mitagvaria, sityva h Cerqezul sakutar saxelebsi m. ciskarisvili, warmomsobi gramatikidan sintaqsis X-bar Teoriamde x. yandasvili, mravalgzisobis kategoriis gamoxatvis cvlilebisatvis _ organuli warmoebidan arwerit warmoebaze gadasvla 4

6 16 apri rili li, 11 saati m. Rlonti, qartuli eqskluzivis sarvtismetyvelo aspeqtebi m. ÓaRliani, rtul zmniswinta yvela SesaZlo kombinacia svanursi l. giglemiani, m. sarliani, n. SavreSiani, pirobitdamokidebuli winadadebis kavsirta morfo-sintaqsuri analizi svanursi m. labartyava, reklama-abrebis warwerata martlwerisatvis proeq eqti `me megrul grul-la lazu zuri fraze zeolo logia gia~ n. foniava, idiomis cnebisatvis qartul samecniero literaturasi e. Sengelia, dixa `miwa~ leqsemis Semcveli idiomebisa- Tvis megrulsi v. Sengelia, frazeologizmi da kompoziti megrulsi c. j a n j R a v a, florastan dakavsirebuli leqsikuri erteulebi megrul idiomebsi proeq eqti `qar qartu Tuli saxel xelmwi mwifo enis ofici cialur lur-sa saqmi qmiani sfero ro~ T. vasakize, erti tipis danartian saxelta martlwerisatvis T. burwulaze, erti saxis punqtuaciuri uzustobisa- Tvis rtul qvewyobil winadadebasi proeq eqti `qartuli enis sityvat tyvatse Sexame xameba bata eleqtro tronu nuli leqsi siko koni ni~ a. arabuli, T. vasakize, T. burwulaze, abreviaturebis formawarmoebis sakitxi 5

7 17 apri rili li, 11 saati i. CantlaZe, sisv- > wiwv-/sisn sisn- fuzeta urtiertmimartebisatvis mcenareta nominaciebsi T. maxaroblize, saqartvelosi mcxovrebi yruta Temis lingvisturi identoba m. Cuxua, saxelzmnis warmoebis zogi sakitxisatvis lazurmegrulsi q. margiani-subari, myofadusrulis struqturul-semantikuri analizi svanursi da misi qartuli ganmartebis problema n. ardoteli,*e xmovnis rekonstruqciisatvis xunzur-andiur-didour enebsi S. gabeskiria, zogierti mosazreba `efxistyaosnis~ sakutari saxelebisa da poemis Seqmnis TariRis Sesaxeb n. wuleiskiri, `enobrivi veli~ da enata Sinaarsobrivi kvlevis problema r. lolua, uvularuli Tanxmovnebi kavkasiis albanursi da mati saertolezgiuri Sesatyvisobani m. b u k i a, megruli mwyemsuri leqsika `Sinamrewvelobis... masalebsi~ n. otinasvili, atenis xeobis toponimikur-onomastikuri masalebi c. gogebasvili, ruxi feri svanursi n. nakani, svanuri floristuli leqsikis Sesaxeb 6

8 avtan Tandil arabu buli kidev ertxel gasu suli sauku kunis saenat natmec mecni niero disku kusi siis is Sesa saxeb cnobili saenatmecniero diskusia, romelic 1950 wlis 9 maiss gaixsna gazet `pravdasi~ gamoqveynebuli arn. Ciqobavas werilit `sabwota enatmecnierebis zogierti sakitxis Sesaxeb~ (sadiskusio statia), samartlianad itvleba gadamwyvet momentad sabwota enatmecnierebis ganvitarebis gzaze da es faqti gansakutrebul wvlilad miicneva arnold Ciqobavas mravalmxriv samecniero morvaweobasi; amas TiTqmis ugamonaklisod arnisnavda yvela _ saqartvelosic da mis farglebs garetac. magalitad, v. a. zvegincevi 1989 wels werda (ВАН СССР, #12): `Tavisi kutvnili unda miegos arn. Ciqobavas mecnierul gambedaobas, romelmac mkvetrad kritikuli Sefaseba misca enis Sesaxeb `axal mozrvrebas~... saxeldobr a. s. Ciqobavas statiit daiwyo is gardamtexi procesi, romelmac moaxdina aseti uzarmazari gavlena sabwo- Ta enatmecnierebis Semdgom ganvitarebaze~... Tu droisa da sivrcis istoriuli ganzomilebit SevafasebT arnisnul diskusias, gvaqvs safuzveli, kidev ertxel vcadot kritikulad gaviazrot am kampaniis namdvili (ara _ deklarirebuli, aramed _ dafaruli da Sorsgamiznuli) motivacia; anu davsvat kitxva: ramdenad iyo motivirebuli es diskusia sakutriv lingvisturi interesebit? kerzod: diskusia ixsneba 1950 wels, roca sabwour sivrcesic da, gansakutrebit, qartul enatmecnierebasi ara mxolod sakmaod mkvidrad aqvs fesvebi gadgmuli msoflio Teoriul monapovrebs, aramed es Teoriebi praqtikulad aris realizebuli cnobil enatmecnierta fundamentur nasromebsi. sxvas rom Tavi davanebot, ukve 20-iani wlebidan, erovnuli universitetis morvaweobis dasawyisidanve uryevad modis akaki Sani- Zis, giorgi axvledianis, ioseb yifsizis, arnold Ciqobavas fu- 7

9 Zemdebeli kvlevebi arweritsa Tu SedarebiT enatmecnierebasi; saxeldobr: a. SaniZis monografia piris nisnebis Sesaxeb, misi gramatikuli mozrvreba... g. axvledianis zogadi fonetikis safuzvlebi; arn. Ciqobavas `martivi winadadebis problema~, `SedarebiTi leqsikoni~, zogadenatmecnieruli saxelmzrvanelo nasromebi... Tanac am (diskusiis) droisatvis, martalia, ideologiurad sasisi, magram ukve askarad karikaturuli forma aqvs mi- Rebuli marizmis `acrdils~... gavixsenot: arn Ciqobavas kritikuli patosit gamswvaluli moxseneba jer kidev diskusiamde 10 wlit adre aqvs rusetsi wakitxuli da 1941 wels amoqveynebuli (Проблема языка, как предмета лингвистики в свете основных задач советского языкознания:... VII. акад. Н. Я. Марр о сущности языка. _ Изв. ИЯИМК, 1941, т. 10). amitomac unda vivaraudot, rom wmindad lingvisturi Sexedulebebis SidasabWouri kolizia diskusiis wamosawyebad mxolod sababs warmoadgenda, romlis ukanac seriozuli ideologiuri mizani iyo dafaruli. vfiqrobt, es ganazraxi dres arctu Zneli wasakitxia... n. maris SexedulebebTan polemikis wmindad enatmecnierul aspeqtebs samecniero-pedagogiuri sazogadoeba ZiriTadad icnobs arn. Ciqobavas ori qrestomatiuli nasromit, romeltagan erti jer kidev 1926 wels gamoqveynda ( recenzia Sromaze: Н. Марр, Грамматика древнелитературного грузинского языка. _ mimomxilveli, I, tf. 1926), xolo meore _ wels (zemodasaxelebuli nasromi). magram misive Sexedulebebi enis rolisa da adgilis gaazrebisatvis sazogadoebis (eris) istoriul-socialuri ganvitarebis processi, kerzod, miseuli waki- Txva sabwota ideologiis metaurta Sexedulebebisa am sfero- Si izleva imis danaxvis SesaZleblobas, rom, rogorc Cans, im urtules vitarebasi, pirsisxliani rusuli leninizmis pirobebsi, moinaxa gza erovnuli enebis dacvisa da ganvitarebisa. es gansakutrebit reliefurad Cans im SemTxvevebSi, rodesac arn. Ciqobava usualod upirispirebs ertmanets n. mari- 8

10 sa da komunisturi qveynis beladis Sexedulebebs erovnuli enebis bedis Sesaxeb e. w. ganvitarebuli socializmis pirobeb- Si. magalitad, mecnieri 1951 wels stalinis enatmecnieruli mozrvrebisadmi mizrvnil sagangebo vrcel nasromsi swored am xerxs mimartavs: `rogorc cnobilia, _ werda arn. Ciqobava, _ n. mari aucileblad Tvlida migvemarta xelovnuri zomebisa- Tvis ertian enaze gadasvlis procesis dasacqareblad~ (`Труды И. В. Сталина по вопросам языкознания...~, gv. 26) da, sxvata Soris, mohyavda 1927 (!) wels gamoqveynebuli misi werilis (`К вопросу об едином языке~, gv. 398) satanado amonaridi: `CvenTvis... calkeuli enebis ganvitareba momavali ertiani enis mimartulebit saewvo ar aris, aseve is, rom kacobriobam, midis ra saerto meurneobisa da uklaso sazogadoebisaken, SeuZlebelia xelovnuri zomebi, mecnierulad damusavebuli, ar miiros am msoflio procesis dasacqareblad.~ n. maris am askarad ideologiurad motivirebul gancxadebebs qartveli mecnieri upirispirebs stalinis mrisxane avtoritets, romlis daskvnitac nacionaluri enebis kvdomaze saubari adrea `proletariatis diqtaturis~ msoflio masstabit gamarjvebis Semdegac ki: `araswori iqneboda gvefiqra, rom erovnul gansxvavebata ganadgureba da erovnuli enebis kvdoma moxdeba msoflio imperializmis damarcxebistanave, erti dartymit, ase vtqvat, zemodan direqtivebis gzit. am Sexedulebaze mcdari araferia... aseti politika iqneboda asimilaciis politikis Tanaswori~... `mcdari iqneboda gvefiqra, rom proletariatis msoflio diqtaturis pirveli etapi iqneba dasawyisi erovnebata da erovnuli enebis kvdomisa. piriqit, pirveli etapi, romlis ganmavlobasic sabolood iqneba likvidirebuli nacionaluri Cagvra, iqneba etapi adre dacagruli erebisa da erovnuli enebis zrdisa da gafurcqvnisa, etapi erebis Tanasworuflebianobis ganmtkicebisa~... diskusiissemdgomi patosis garkveuli mimartulebit ganvitarebis gatvaliswinebit, savaraudoa, rom swored erovnuli 9

11 enebis saarsebo interesi edo safuzvlad sabwota imperiis ganvitarebis garkveul etapze `saenatmecniero diskusiis~ warmar- Tvas, xolo amisi ideologiuri safuzveli Seqmna enis askarad mizanmimartulma gamoyvanam `bazisi-zednasenis~ kategoriebis yovlismomcveli diqotomiidan. n. maris `axali enatmecnieruli Teoria~, marqsistul-leninuri safuzvlebis arctu usafuzvlo mosveliebit, enas warmoacens rogorc zednasen kategorias da, aqedan gamomdinare, yoveli erovnuli ena aris klasobrivi; araklasobrivi enebi arc arsebula da arc arsebobs. es `bednieri xana~ iqneba kutvnileba momavlis uklaso sazogadoebisa da es momavali, cxadia, erti saerto enisatvis aris gamzadebuli! stalinuris saxelit cnobili pozicia kardinalurad upirispirdeba am ideologiurad sakmaod ganmtkicebul Sexedulebas, vinaidan safuzvelsive cvlis enisadmi zemomititebuli diqotomiuri sazomit midgomas: `ena ar SeiZleba mivakutvnot arc bazisuri da arc zednasenuri movlenebis rigs. is aseve ar SeiZleba mivakutvnot bazissa da zednasens Soris `Sualedur~ movlenebs, radganac aseti `Sualeduri~ movlenebi ar arsebobs~ (`marqsizmi da enatmecn. sakitxebi~, 1950). Tu am koncefciis dasabutebisatvis Tvalis gadevnebas vcdit, davrwmundebit, rom is ufro politikuri nebis gamoxatvas (deklaracias) warmoadgens, vidre mecnierul debulebas. am mxriv friad nisandoblivia axali ideis arn. Ciqobavaseuli daxasiateba: `SesaZlebloba iseti sazogadoebrivi movlenis arsebobisa, romelic arc baziss ganekutvneba da arc zednasens, ar iyo dasvebuli marqsistuli filosofiis specialistebis mier. magram armocnda, rom aseti movlena SesaZlebelia: SemoqmedebiTi marqsizmis klasikosma i. b. stalinma daasabuta, rom aseti movlena gvaqvs enasi. SesaZlebelia Tu ara sxva sazogadoebrivi movlenebic iyos analogiuri rigisa? rogor dgas sakitxi, kerzod, mecnierebastan, sakutriv, mis konkretul SinaarsTan dakavsirebit? aseti sakitxebi, bunebrivia, axsnas elian marqsistuli filosofiis specialistebisagan~ (`Труды...~, gv. 32). 10

12 nodar ardo dote teli *e xmovnis rekon konstruq struqci ciisa satvis xunzur Zur-an andi diur ur-di dido do- ur enebsi 1. istoriuli *e xunzur-andiur-didour enebsi did ryevas ganicdis da nairgvari refleqsebit aris warmodgenili. garda daviwroebis safuzvelze i-d transformaciisa, igi SeiZleba gardaiqmnas a, o, u saxesxvaobebad, romlebic Cveulebriv kombinaciuri fonetikuri procesebis Sedegad aris warmoqmnili. dasturdeba erti wyebis magalitebi, romlebsic amosavali *e mcireoden cvlilebas ganicdis: xunz. *e>o, and. *e>i (mun.), xvars. *e>i (inx.)... Sesatyvisobis formula, romlis safuzvelzedac xdeba e xmovnis rekonstruqcia, ase gamoiyureba: * xunz. and. botl. Rod. Wam. tind. bagv. kar. axv. sak. did. hin. xvar. bej. e a e/i e e e e e e e e e e/i e/i moviyvant oriode sailustracio magalits: 1) xunz. rata ( cxovelis wina fexi ) : and. rea : botl. rea : Rod. : lel : Wam. ela : tind. : bagv. rela : kar. rea : axv. rea : did. ret¾a : xvars. let¾a (inx. lit¾a) : bej. it¾a ( saxelo, toti ) xeli, xelis mtevani. 2) xunz. weleku (*wekelu) : and. ekir : botl.: Rod. wekir : Wam. wewi : tind. weker : bagv. : eker : kar. iker (<eker) : axv. Weke : did. ceki : hin. ceke : xvars. Ciki : bej. Cike Tikani dasturdeba meore rigis magalitebi, romlebsic pir- 11

13 veladi *e arctu isviatad warmodgenilia zusti distribuciis garese da xsirad monacvleobs imave rigis i xmovantan (and., Wam., tind., bagv., kar...). garda amisa, igi xunzursa da zog andiur enasi a, o, u xmovnebis saxit gvevlineba. SeiZleba gadawrit itqvas, rom amgvari saxesxvaobebi metwilad kombinaciuri fonetikuri procesebis safuzvelze aris warmoqmnili. rac Seexeba didour enebs, aq *e xmovnis refleqsacia SedarebiT natlad aris warmodgenili: sak. did.: hin. i : xvar. e/i : bej. e. sabolood *e-s Sesatyvisobis formula aset saxes miirebs: * xunz. and. botl. Rod. Wam. tind. bagv. kar. axv. sak. did. hin. xvar. bej. e e e/i e/i e/i e/i e/i e/i e/i e/i i i e/i e sailustracio magalitebi: 1) xunz. ibil (<*xebil) : and.: Rod.: bagv. isib <*iseb (asimilaciit): Wam. esib (<*eseb) : tind. eseba : kar. esebo : axv. eseb : sak. did.: hin. Jibra : xvar. Jebla : bej. Seblo (hunz. Seble) `gverdi", `nekni". 2) xunz. ec : and. inci : botl. inca : Rod. icu : Wam. es : tin. eci : bagv. ec : kar..: axv. ece : sak. did. henes : hin. isi : xvar. hio n S (inx. e n S, i n S) : bej. e n S `vasli" da sxv. mist. 3. specialur literaturasi e : i Sesatyvisobisa da mis Semadgenel elementta Sesaxeb azrta sxvadasxvaobaa. e. lomta- Zis koncefciis mixedvit, pirveli rigis i : e Sesatyvisoba e:i Sebrunebuli Sesatyvisobis organuli nawili da misi Tanamoziarea [lomtaze 1994 : ]. e. bokarevi amosaval odenobad wina warmoebis ert-ert (i resp. e) xmovans varaudobs, Tumca, xunzur-andiur-didour enata satanado monacemebis siwrelidan gamomdinare, am Sesatyvisobis genezisis sakitxs Riad tovebs [bokarevi 1959 : ]. d. imnaisvili orive (i:e, 12

14 e:i) SesatyvisobaTa saerto amosavlad e xmovans aradgens [imnaisvili 1963 : 41]. Cven vvara raudobt dobt, rom i : e Sesa satyvi tyviso sobi bisa satvis saer er- To-xun xunzur Zur-an andi diur ur-di dido dour qrono nolo logi giur done neze rekon kon- struir irde deba wina warmoebis bis, mara Rali aweulo lobis i, i xolo e:i e Sesa satyvi tyviso sobi bisa satvis _ amave rigis gis, sasu Sualo aweulo lobis e. e moxsenebasi warmodgenilia am mosazrebis dasabutebis cda. fiqria afxaize ferta saxe xele lebis seman manti tikis SepiS piris rispi pire rebi biti kvlevis vistvis (sinhaluri da qartuli ferebis masalaze) moxsenebasi ganxilulia zogi ZiriTad da araziritad ferta saxelebis semantikuri Taviseburebani sinhalursi, warmodgenilia sinhaluri ferebis satanado Sesatyvisebi qar- Tul enasi. moxseneba miznad isaxavs sinhaluri da qartuli bgeradobit gadmocemul Sinaarss, mis emociuri mxaresa da am ori sxvadasxva enobrivi sazogadoebebis mier sagnobriv konceptualuri midgomebs Soris arsebuli kontrastis da paralelebis dadgenas. sakitxis Seswavlis Teoriuli koncefcia eyrdnoba b. focxuas nasromis `qartuli leqsikologiis~ metodologiur principebs. TiToeuli sinhaluri terminis semantikis axsna eyrdnoba ama Tu im konkretul mnisvnelobas. am SemTxveva- Si Cven vejbickas principi gaviziaret, romlis Tanaxmad, yoveli konkretuli terminis mnisvnelobis gansazrvra TiTqmis SeuZlebelia; SesaZlebelia mxolod warmodgenil iqnas axsna ama Tu im konkretuli mnisvnelobisa (e. soselia, 2009). SepirispirebiTi kvlevis aspeqti itvaliswinebs n. mirianasvilis qar- 13

15 Tul-rusul ferta saxelebis SedarebiT-SeprispirebiTi kvlevis models. moxsenebis kvlevis obieqtia ZiriTadi da araziritadi ferebi sinhalursi da mati Sesatyvisebi qartulsi. leqsikur-semantikuri TvalsazrisiT sinhaluri ferebis saxelebi SeiZleba 3 jgufad daiyos: 1) martivfuziani zedsartavebi; 2) kompozituri agebulebis ferta saxelebi. 3)ramdenime feris termini analitikuri warmoebisa. Cven mier Catarebuli kvleva, bunebrivia, ar aris amomwuravi. winamdebare moxsenebasi SemovifargleT mxolod sinhaleli adamianis cxovrebasi yvelaze ufro aqtualuri qromatuli (speqtris) da aqromatuli ferebis armnisvneli saxelebit. masala eyrdnoba ramdenime TargmniT leqsikons (sinhalur-inglisuri; inglisur-sinhaluri) da cocxali informantebisgan mopovebul magalitebs. kvlevis danarceni etapebi, mat Soris, xarisxis formata warmoebis sakitxi ganxiluli iqneba SemdgomSi. ZiriTadi daskvnebi, romelta dasabutebac moxsenebasi iqneba warmodgenili, asetia: 1) martivi fuzis, kompozituri da arweriti warmoebis ferta saxelebi orsave enasi dasturdeba. 2) 10 sinhalur fers aqvs TiTo Sesatyvisi qartulsi. gansxvavebuli Sesatyvisebi moepoveba ramdenimes. 3) orsave enasi gvxdeba nasesxebi fuzeebi ferta saxelebis sawarmoeblad. 4) nacrisferi sinhalursic da qartulsic ukavsirdeba ertsa da imave sagans da saertoa misi ert-erti gadataniti mnisvnelobac. 5) orive enasi gvxvdeba ferta saxelebi, romlebic ertze met fers arnisnaven. 14

16 mana nana bukia megru gruli mwyemsu suri leqsi sika `Si Sinam namrew rewve velo lobis bis... masa saleb lebsi Si~ moxsenebasi ganxilulia `Sinamrewvelobis... masalebsi~ warmodgenili mesaqonleobis leqsikis is nawili, romelic ukavsirdeba e. w. `transhumansur~ dargs, mas Cven `mwyemsur leqsikas~ vuwodebt. masala Zalze sainteresoa etnolingvisturi TvalsazrisiT. mravalferovani terminebi izleva ramdenime Tematuri jgufis gamoyofis sasualebas: 1. samusaos ganawileba mwyemsta Soris saafuno sazovrebze: kare resun SunCa CaSi `mwyemsta gaertianebis ufrosi~, zedm. `karvis ufrosi~, kares resma madi diara rafa fali `mzareuli~, zedm. `karvis dampurebeli~, mexe xele `mzareuli~, metie `mwyemsebtan sawmlis mimtani~, zedm. `meulufe~, medu dude de / medu dude dele `mecxvare, romelic win miuzrvis faras~, zedm. `metauri~, meku kude dele `mecxvare, romelic bolosi mihyveba faras~, zedm. `mekude~, mequm qumxa xa- re `Teos cecxlis, qumxaras daraji~ mwyemsis sadgomi saafuno sazovrebze: jenjka jkare `Teo~, zedm. `Ziri karavi~, xvista `ufrosi mwyemsis, karesuncasis sawoli~, qumxa xara `Teo~, yebu buri `Suacecxli mwyemsis karavsi~ saqonlis sadgomi: jalo loni `Txis sazovari tyian zol- Si~, zedm. `xiani~, SuSe Seli `sazovari maral mtaze~, zedm. `SiSveli~, Tfu / Tibi / Tˆfe `faris dasabanakebeli adgili~ mwyemsis arwurviloba da inventari qoxsi: laba basa `mwyemsis xeljoxi~, xarta `ciknis tyavisgan gaketebuli mwyemsis mosasxami~, lagu guji `mwyemsis guda~, burwu Wuli `celi~... nˆga `sawveleli~, buyu yuni `sarzeve, samawvne~, xara raza zaka / xara raza zaki `rzis sawuri~, absi Sira `yvelis Casadebi WurWeli~, ocece `yve- 15

17 lis gasawuri mowyobiloba~, barqa qasi `yvelis mosazeli WurWeli~, kala lapo poti `yvelis Casawyobi satavso~ esaqonleobis produqtebi: avcxu cxura ra, WeRra `mwyemsis qoxsi damzadebuli yvelis saxeobebi~, nagval montyo ntyori `Semodgomaze gakrewili matyli~, zedm. `namtevi matyli~, nabu butu `gazafxulze gakrewili matyli~... moxsenebasi warmodgenili iqneba sityvata etimologia, struqtura, nasesxobebis SemTxvevaSi sesxebis mimartuleba, fonotaqtikuri cvlilebebi Salva gabes beski kiria zogi gier erti mosaz sazre reba `efxis efxistya tyaos osnis nis~ saku kuta Tari saxe xele le- bisa da poemis Seqmnis Tari riris Sesa saxeb moxsenebis avtoris azrit, `vefistyaosnis~ geografiul saxelwodebata mnisvnelovani nawilis lokalizacia rustavelis epoqis saqartvelosa da mis mezobel mxareebsia SesaZlebeli. poemasi daxatul indoetsi ara marto igulisxmeba saqar- Tvelo, aramed rustavelis qmnilebis geografiul rukazec indoetad saqartveloa sagulvebeli. vfiqrobt, am mosazrebas mxars uwers poemasi daxatuli sxva mxareebis `vefxistyaosnis~ indoettan teritoriuli siaxlove: qajeti, gulansaro, mulrazanzari; etnonimebi: mesxi, Turqi, qurdi da sxva. am TvalsazrisiT Cven yuradrebas pirvel rigsi qajeti ipyrobs, romelsac samecniero literaturasi sxvadasxva mxarestan aigiveben. mat Soris aris Soreuli qveynebic: afrika da misi mimdebare kunzulebi, gibraltari, indonezia, xe- Tebis mezobeli qasqebi (v. bardavelize) da a.s. es ukanaskneli, 16

18 romelsac mkvlevarta umravlesoba CerqezTa saxelwodeba qa- Sags ukavsirebs, etnonim kolxis gadmocemad migvacnia. folkloruli da etnikuri Sinaarsis mqone qaji, vfiqrobt, gvarsaxel qajaiasi aris Semonaxuli. aseve qartul an- TroponimikonSia cnobili qajetis mkvidrta piris saxelebi _ rodia da rosani. am ukanasknelisganaa mirebuli gvar-saxeli poemasi moxsenebuli xataeti rustvelologiur literatura- Si CrdiloeT CineTad, xataelebi ki upiratesad Cinelebad aris ganmartebuli. `vefxistyaosansi~ CineTis mnisvnelobit ertxel Cinic gvxvdeba: ese araki martali Cins qvasa zeda sweria: `vin moyvaresa ar ezebs, igi Tavisa mteria~ _ 854,1-2 (poemis 1957 wlis gamocema). is garemoeba, rom avtori erti da imave qveynistvis or saxels xmarobs, ewvs badebs am geografiuli saxelwodebebis sinonimurobis Sesaxeb. garda amisa, Tu xsenebul aforizms rustaveli Cinuri warmomavlobisad miicnevs, xataelebi poema- Si indoelebis mtrad arian gamoyvanilebi. aseve arsanisnavia, rom `amirandarejaniansi~, romlis siujets zogierti mkvlevari `vefxistyaosnis~ ambis amosavladac ki moiazrebs, moxseniebuli etnonimi Weni (Wani) Cineladaa gagebuli. xataetis CineTad axsna am qveynis saxelis xatais gaumar- Tlebeli identifikaciidan momdinareobs. xatai manjurielta etnonim kidanidan aris mirebuli. ramdenime enasi, romelta Sorisac sparsuli da rusuli enebia, igi CineTis mnisvnelobit damkvidrda. `xataeti~ da `xataeli~ monrolta epoqamde qartul mwerlobasi, arc istoriulsi, arc mxatvrulsi, ar gvxvdeba~ (k. kekelize). xataeti gvxvdeba JamTaaRmwerelTan: `(Cingiz-yaenman) daipyra xataeti~. moxsenebasi gamotqmuli mosazrebis Tanaxmad, `vefxistyaosnis~ xataelebi TaTar-monRolebia. 17

19 monrolta jars sxvadasxva altaurenovani xalxebis _ monrolebis, Turqebisa da tunguz-manjurielebis mebrzolebi avsebdnen. am TvalsazrisiT is garemoebacaa gasatvaliwinebeli, rom rustavelis poemasi sakmaod gvxvdeba Turquli warmomavlobis an Turqulis gzit Semosuli samxedro saqmestan dakavsirebuli leqsikuri erteulebi. garda Turqizmebisa, `vefxistyaosansi~ sxva altaizmebic SeiniSneba. merani `vefxistyaosansi~ orjer xmarebuli am sityvis sadaurobaze sxvadasxva Tvalsazrisia gamotqmuli: arabuli muhr `kvici~ (n.mari), cxenis saxeli verana (i.javaxisvili). moxsenebis avtoris azrit, merani monroluri sityvaa: < moroluri morin `cxeni~. vada ese ambavi avtandil pir-mzeman, magar-vadaman _ 1244,1 magar-vada (magari xmali ) moyme avtandilis simboloa. Sdr. msvild-ficxeli, maxvil-xrmali. eama, uqes vardisa xeli, brolisa ganamwvirisa. ufro misarebi gvgonia poemis zogierti gamocemis da rustvelolog-komentatoris Semdegi wakitxva: eama qeba vadisa, xelit mzled danamwirisa _ 691,3 saritmo klauzulis TvalsazrisiTac am ikitxviss ganam- WvirisasTan SedarebiT eniweba upiratesoba: Wirisa, duxwirisa, danamwirisa, momxvewi risa. rustaveltan vada ara xmlis jvareds, aramed xmals unda nisnavdes vada < tunguzuri < Cinuri gvada, vada `xmali, maxvili~. d.cubinasvilis qartul-rusul-frangul leqsikonsi vada qar- Tuli xmalia. savaraudod xsenebuli leqsikuri erteulebi monrolta mier armosavlet saqartvelos dapyrobisa da mattan ertad 18

20 qartveli meomrebis ertoblivi lasqrobebis Sedegadaa damkvidrebuli qartulsi. am aspeqtit is garemoebacaa gasatvaliswinebeli, rom me-12 s.miwurulisa da me-13 s. dasawyisis sparsul teqstebsi monrolizmebi ar gvxdeba. es garemoebac gvafiqrebinebs, rom `vefxistyaosani~ mefe Tamaris gardacvalebis Semdeg aris dawerili. mecnierta erti nawilis azrit, Tamar mefis ert-erti istorikosi SoTa rustavelia. `vefxisyaosnis~ mtavari moqmedi qalebis saxelebi _ TinaTini da nestan-darejani hieratiuli antroponimebia. sparsuli poeziidan momdinare nestan-darejani SeiZleba gavigot, rogorc `misi msgavsi qveynad araa~ an am qveynad movlenili ciuri arseba. qajebis mier kidobnit nestanis gataceba Zveli artqmis sjulis kidobnis istorias hgavs, romelic mefe davitma gamoixsna filistimeltagan. ase iqceva tarielic, romlis prototipadac Zveli artqmis winaswarmetyvel mefes mivicnevt, `vefxistyaosnis~ mtavari gmiri nestan-darejans qajta tyveobisagan ixsnis. moxsenabasi sakitxis dasmis wesit gamotqmulia Semdegi mosazreba: nestan- darejanis mowodebit tarielis mier sasizod mosuli mzinare xvarazmsahis, romelic jelaledinis asociaciebs arzravs, mokvla (`qmna samartlisa martlisa~) da xataelebtan omsi gamarjveba SeiZleba ertgvari `literaturuli SurisZiebac~ iyos im ubedurebisatvis, rac xvarazmelebma da monrolebma daatexes saqartvelos. 19

21 rusu sudan gersa samia qartve Tvelur enata fono nose seman manti tiki kis sata Tave veeb ebtan (1. ali davitianis lingvisturi memkvidreoba) ali davitianis mier 1949 wels Seqmnili samecniero statiis xelnaweri sataurit `garegani saxeobis leqsikisatvis svanursi~ pirveli nasromia, romelic sagangebod ezrvneba svanuri enis fonosemantikis problemebs. igi am saxit saarqivo dokumentebsi armocnda da sakmaod gvian, mxolod 2008 wels, gaxda cnobili lingvistta farto sazogadoebisatvis (ix. iberiul-kavkasiuri enatmecniereba, XXXVI, 2008, gv: ). qartvelur enebsi fonosemantikis istoriis kvlevis ertiani konteqstis warmodgenisas aucilebelia am nasromis gatvaliswineba, miuxedavad imisa, rom Semdgomi periodis kvlevebze mas gavlena ar mouxdenia. mit umetes, gasatvaliswinebelia im fonze, roca svanuri enis masalaze am mimartulebit kvleva Semdgom ar gagrzelebula. a. davitianis statia faqtobrivad warmoadgens fonosemantikuri leqsikis erti tipis, fizionomiis anu, misive terminit, `garegani saxeobis~ RmniSvneli leqsikis arwerasa da SesaZlebel lingvistur analizs. avtori amcnevs, rom svanursi am semantikis armnisvneli modelebi 1. ukavsirdebin obieqtis mozraoba-moqmedebas, 2. gamoxataven sagnisa Tu movlenis garegan saxeobas. miuxedavad imisa, rom a. davitiani ertmanetisagan mijnavs onomatopeasa da bgerweras, askvnis, rom svanur enasi `xmabazvitebis sametyvelo kanonzomiereba saxovan sityvebzec vrceldeba~. avtoris SeniSvniT, `garegani saxeobis~ leqsikis `Semadgeneli bgerebis TanaSefardeba mats mnisvnelobas Seesabameba. mjreri kompleqsebi TiTqos ukavsirdebian moculobit ufro did obieqts, yru kompleqsebi ki pataras~: 20

22 didi pata tara b-p: bidr pityg-k: glig klik- R-y: RviRv yviyvd-t: dvir tvir- amastan, Sinaarsobriv TaviseburebaSi gadamwyveti Cans Tavkiduri Tanxmovnis bolokidurtan urtiertoba: mˆb ˆbidR Jina `didi bumbulis mqone Zera~ mˆp ˆpity mre `patara msubuqi tanis, Cqari mozraobis kaci~ gvrid befs `msuqani Warbxorciani bavsvi~ kvrit befs `patara tansavse bavsvi~ mˆg ˆglig `gadametebuli simarlis (kaci)~ mˆk ˆklik dina `patara, gonebamaxvili gogo~ a. davitianma ertmanets semantikurad daupirispira agretve CVC- da CSVC- struqturis Zirebi, isetebi, rogoricaa: gid- > glid- `usnod armartulia` kik- > klik- `gonebamaxvilad dgas~ big- > brig- `fexmagrad dgas~ bir- > brir- `gaberili Cans~... am modelebsi sonorebi infiqsebia da mat semantikur funqciad intensivoba gansazrvra. variantebi, romlebic sonoris garese arian warmodgenilni, misive TqmiT, miutiteben simcireze, sonoriani variantebi ki dasrulebulobaze. svanuris fonosemantikuri Ziris struqturebi avtors /a/, /i/ da /u/ xmovnebit aqvs warmodgenili, matgan mxolod /a/- xmovniani variantebze amaxvilebs yuradrebas da askvnis, rom amgvari modelebi mravalgzisobis semantikas avlenen. martalia, nasromsi dasmuli lingvisturi problemis analizi ar emyareba svanuri enis empiriuli masalis sistemur arweras, naklulia saklasifikaciod SerCeuli semantikuri da 21

23 fonologiuri nisnebic, magram kvleva sakmaod faseulia da Tavisi droisatvis progresulic; amitom misi gatvaliswineba aucilebelia qartveluri enebis fonosemantikuri leqsikis istoriis kvlevis dros. Teimuraz gvance cela laze piri risa da grama mati tiku kuli klasis nisan SanTa gaxmo xmova vane nebis wese sebi afxazur enasi 1. specialuri literaturidan cnobilia, rom afxazuri enis zmnebsi subieqtisa da obieqtta piris, gramatikuli klasisa da ricxvis markirebisatvis gamoiyeneba ori rigis (d-sa da l-s rigebis) prefiqsebi, romelta umravlesoba emtxveva Sesabamisi piris nacvalsaxelebis anlautis TanxmovniT nawilebs: d-s rigi mx.r. mr. r. I piri sara "me" > s- hara "Cven" > h- II piri ara "Sen (mamak.)" > - ara "Tqven" > - bara "Sen (qalo)" > b- III piri ara "is (mamak.)" _ d- dara "isini" _ - lara "is (qali)" _ d- ara "is (nivti)" > - l-s rigi mx. r. mr. r. I piri sara "me" > s- hara "Cven" > h-//ha ha-//ah ah-, aa- II piri ara "Sen (mamak.)" > - ara "Tqven" > -//bara "Sen (qalo)" > b- III piri ara "is (mamak.)" > - dara "isini" > *d- > r- lara "is (qali)" > l- ara "is (nivti)" _ a-// na- 22

24 am ori rigis afiqsebidan ert-erti, kerzod, l-s rigis TavsarTebi gamoiyeneba kutvnilebis armnisvnel mawarmoebelta rolsic. 2. dadgenilia, rom mjreri TanxmovnebiT dawyebul zmneb- Si l-s rigis formantebis variantta (z-, aa-, na-, -) gamoyeneba damokidebulia Sesabamisi zmnis gardamavlobaze, anu l-s rigis pir-kla klasis nisan SanTa alomor morfe febis ganawi wile leba zmnur forma masi damo moki kide debu bulia morfo rfono nolo logi giur faqto toreb rebze ze. 3. sayuradreboa, rom imave afxazur enasi arsebobs pirisa da gramatikuli klasis nisanta specifikuri gamoyenebis sxva SemTxvevebic, rac sulac ar aris damokidebuli zmnis gardamavlobaze. metic, am tipis specifikuroba vrceldeba ara marto zmnur warmoebebze, aramed im metyvelebis nawilebzec (upiratesad masdarebsa da arsebit saxelebze), romlebsic gamoixateba kutvnileba. saqme is aris, rom afxazursi zmnur warmoebebsi gamoyenebul orive rigis afiqsebs, agretve masdarebsa da saxelebsi warmodgenil l-s rigis afiqsebs sakmaod xsirad mosdevs, an win uzrvis xolme neitraluri xmovani, zog SemTxvevebSi ki _ a- xmovanic. magalitad: sara s-cot "me mivdivar", magram sara s-ot "me vizineb"; sara s-zrab "Cemi asuli", magram hara ha-zrab "Cveni asuli"; sara i-s-mop "me is (nivti) maqvs, myavs", magram hara i-ha ha-mop "Cven is (nivti) gvaqvs, gvyavs"; asas d-s- Top "me stumari myavs" da asas d-ah ah-top "Cven stumari gvyavs"... amgvar SemTxvevebSi morfonologiur faqtorta zegavlena TiTqosda gamoiricxeba da, bunebrivia, daismis sakitxi: ra kanonzomierebas emyareba zmnur da saxelur warmoebebsi pir-klasis nisanta gaxmovnebuli da gauxmovnebeli variantebis gamoyeneba? 4. konkretul enobriv masalaze dakvirvebam gvicvena, rom ukanas nasknel SemTxve mtxveveb vebsi saqme gvaqvs ara morfo rfono nolo logi giur ur, aramed fone neti tikur kanon nonzo zomi miere rebeb bebtan Tan, kerzod, aq gamosayofia ori jgufis magalitebi: 23

25 vv vv vv vv pirvel jgufs qmnian is zmnuri da saxeluri formebi, romlebsic daculia f. borkis, u. alenisa da q. lomtatizis mier dadgenili e.w. ori Tanxmov xmovnis kano noni ni, rac Semdegs gulisxmobs: Tu sityvaformasi mosalodnelia orze meti Tanxmovnis Sejra, masin maxvilis momdevnod mdgomi ori Tanxmovnis Semdgom, mesame Tanxmovnis win gacndeba TanxmovanTgamyaris funqciis mqone neitraluri xmovani. igive moxdeba, Tu maxvilis win mosalodnelia orze meti Tanxmovnis Sejra. es kanoni moqmedebs rogorc afxazur, ise abazur enebsi. Cveni mxridan davzendit, rom am kanonis zemoqmedeba vrceldeba im SemTxvevebSic, roca mr. r. I pirsi h- prefiqsis gverdit (win, an momdevnod) orze meti Tanxmovnis Tavmoyris Tavidan asacileblad afxazuri ena warmoqmnis ara neitralur xmovans, aramed a xmovans, rac acens h-, ha- da ah- alomorfebs (aseti ram ar xdeba abazur enasi, sadac amave pirobebsi h- prefiqsis gverdit kvlav neitraluri xmovani Cndeba). amis gamo enasi Camoyalibda pir-klasis nisanta gaxmovnebuli variantebi, romlebic gvxvdeba rogorc zmnur, ise saxelur warmoebebsi. amastanave, da a xmovnebis usualo mezobel TanxmovanTa mrfologiur funqcias aranairi mnisvneloba ara aqvs. magalitad: zmnuri warmoebe bebi bi s-ot "me vtiri", magram ha--ot "Cven rom vtirit"; i-s-fsoze? "ra mesveleba?" da i-ha ha-fsoze? "ra gvesveleba?"; i-s-zelmrget "raracasi ver gaverkvie", magram -ah ah-zelmrget "raracasi ver gaverkviet"; i-s- sup "is Cemi saqmea", magram -ah ah- sup "is Cveni saqmea" da a.s. saxe xelu luri warmoebe bebi bi sv vv v-tra "Cemi Tavla", magram hav v-tra "Cveni Tavla"; sv v- ra "Cemi saqoneli, pirutyvi", magram hav v-ra "Cveni saqoneli, pirutyvi"; sara sv vv v-zrab "Cemi asuli", hara hav v-zrab "Cveni asuli"; sv vv v-fha "Cemi gazrdili (morduobis wesit)", magram hara 24

26 vv vv vv vv vv vv vv hav v-fha "Cveni gazrdili" da sxv. arsanisnavia, rom yvela am saxelsi neitraluri xmovani da misi monacvle a xmovani maxviliania. meore jgufs qmnian is zmnuri warmoebebi, romlebsic maxvili dgas neitralur xmovanze. aq wesi asetia: Tu masdarsi maxvili moudis Tavkidura a xmovans, masin Sesabamis pirklasian zmnur formebsic maxvili SenarCundeba pir-klasis nisnis Tanmxleb xmovanze da h- morfema am SemTxvevebSic a xmovnit iqneba gaformebuli: -ara "dazineba" > sv vv v-ot "me vizineb", v v-ot "Sen (mamak.) izineb", bv v-ot "Sen (qalo) izineb", dv v- ot "is (adam.) izinebs", v vv v-ot "is (nivti) izinebs", hav v- ot "Cven vizinebt", v v-ot "Tqven izinebt", v v-ot "isini izineben"... orive dasaxelebul jgufsi pir-klasis nisanta gaxmovaneba damokidebulia mxolod fonetikur pirobebze. 5. calke dgas is zmnebi, romlebsic zmnas ertvis obieqtis iribi mimartebis armnisvneli maxviliani neitraluri xmovani. am zmnebsi maxviliani xmovnis win, an am xmovnis momdevnod mdgomi pir-klasis nisnebi, Cveulebriv, arar dairtaven damatebit xmovans. gamonaklisia iribi mimartebis prefiqsis momdevno poziciasi mdgomi pirveli piris mr.r. prefiqsi h-, romlis winac maxviliani, Tu umaxvilo neitraluri xmovani uewvelad gardaiqmneba a xmovnad. magalitad: i-s-v vv v-mop "me is (n.) maqvs, myavs; me isini maqvs, myavs", i--v vv v-mop "Sen (mamak.) is (n.) gaqvs, gyavs; Sen isini gaqvs, gyvanan", i-b-v vv v-mop "Sen (q.) is (n.) gaqvs, gyavs; Sen isini gaqvs, gyvanan", (i-)-v vv v-mop "mas (mamak.) is (n.) aqvs, hyavs; mas isini aqvs, hyvanan", (i-)l-v vv v-mop "mas (q.) is (n.) aqvs, hyavs; mas isini aqvs, hyvanan", -av vv v-mop "mas (n.) is (n.) aqvs, hyavs; mas isini aqvs, hyvanan", -h-av vv v-mop "Cven is (n.) gvaqvs, gvyavs; Cven isini gvaqvs, gvyvanan", - -v vv v-mop "Tqven is (n.) gaqvt, gyavt; Tqven isini gaqvt, gyvanan", -r-v vv v-mop "mat is (n.) aqvt, hyavt; mat isini aqvt, hyavt"...; i--v vv v-s-tot "me Sen (ma- 25

27 vv vv vv vv vv mak.) raracas gazlev"; i-b-v vv v-s-toit "me Sen (qals) raracas ga- Zlev"; (i-)-v vv v-s-tot "me mas (mamak.) raracas vazlev"; i-l-v v-s- Tot "me mas (qals) raracas vazlev"; i--av v-h-toit "Cven Sen (mamak.) raracas gazlevt", i-av vv v-h-toit (mosalodneli iyo: *i-a-av v-h- Toit) "Cven mas (n.) raracas vazlevt", i- -av v-h-toit "Cven Tqven raracas gazlevt", i-r-av v-h-toit "Cven mat raracas vazlevt" da a.s. am bolo tipis magalitebsic > a process fonetikuri momenti ganapirobebs. lela gigle lemi miani, mede sarli Rliani, nato Savre resi Siani piro robit bitda damo moki kide debu buli wina nada dade debis kavsir SirTa morfo rfo-sin sintaq taqsu suri anali lizi svanur nursi ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ÌÊÅÄÈÒÀà ÀÒÉÓ ÜÀÌÏÚÀËÉÁÄÁÖËÉ äéðïôàøóöòé ÊÏÍ- ÓÔÒÖØÝÉÉÓ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÄÁÉ, ÒÏÌËÄÁÉÝ ÀÒ ÌÉÄÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÀÍ ÌÈÀÅÀÒÉ ßÉ- ÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÉÓ ÒÏÌÄËÉÌÄ ßÄÅÒÓ, ÀÒÀÌÄà áóíéàí ÃÀ ÀÆÖÓÔÄÁÄÍ ÌÈËÉÀÍÀà ÌÈÀÅÀÒ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÓ ÃÀ ÂÅÉÜÅÄÍÄÁÄÍ ÉÌÉÓ ÛÄÃÄÂÓ, ÒÀÝ ÌÈÀÅÀÒ ßÉÍÀÃÀ- ÃÄÁÀÛÉÀ ÍÀÈØÅÀÌÉ, ÀÍ ÀÙÍÉÛÍÀÅÄÍ ÐÉÒÏÁÀÓ, ÒÀÆÄÝÀÀ ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖËÉ ÌÈÀÅÀÒÛÉ ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖËÉ ÌÏØÌÄÃÄÁÉÓ ÛÄÓÒÖËÄÁÀ, ÀÍ ÌÉÖÈÉÈÄÁÄÍ ÉÓÄÈ ÒÀÌÄÆÄ, ÒÏÌËÉÓ ÌÉáÄÃÅÉÈÀÝ ÀÒ ÀÒÉÓ ÌÏÓÀËÏÃÍÄËÉ ÉÓ, ÒÀÆÄÃÀÝ ÌÈÀÅÀÒ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÛÉÀ ÓÀÖÁÀÒÉ. ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÀÛÉ ÓáÅÀ ÓÀáÉÓ ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖË ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÈÀÂÀÍ ßÀÒÌÏ- ÃÂÄÍÉËÉ ÉØÍÄÁÀ ÐÉÒÏÁÉÈÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖËÉÀÍÉ ÒÈÖËÉ ØÅÄßÚÏÁÉËÉ ßÉ- ÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÉÓ ÓÀÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÄËÉ ÓÀÛÖÀËÄÁÄÁÉÓ ÌÏÒ Ï-ÓÉÍÔÀØÓÖÒÉ ÀÍÀËÉ- ÆÉ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ. ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖËÉ ÓÀáÉÓ ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖËÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÉÓ ÌÈÀÅÀÒÈÀÍ ÛÄ- ÓÀÄÒÈÄÁËÀà ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ÂÀÌÏÚÄÍÄÁÖËÉÀ ÛÄÌÃÄÂÉ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÉ: ÀÙæÄ ÄÙÏ (lnt.),,tu~; ÄÒ Ä (zs., qs.), ËÀá{ა}, ლახე (ზს.), ახ{ა}ა (ბქ.), {ა}ლახ (ქს.),,რომ, თუ, ëìà (ბზ., ლშხ., ჩოლ.), ემა (ბქ.), ëìï 26

28 (ლშხ., ჩოლ.), ëóà (ბზ., ლშხ.), ჰëÓÀ (ბზ.), ესა (ლნტ.),,თუ, თუკი ; ედო, ადო (ზს.), ოდო (ბქ.), Îედო ედო ოდო ოდო (ლშხ.), ედო (ლნტ.),,თორემ ; ჰე ე თუ და ა. შ. ÑÉØêÍÜÖ ÞÙéà ãæëãéàíäû ËÀá ðáàäìíé, ÜÖ ðíâãäíé ÖÌæêËÀÑÉ (ÁÆ., ÓÅÀÍ. ÐÒÏÆ. ÔÄØÓÔ., I, 1939, 1:35) `ÆÄÌÏÃÀÍ ÞÀËÉÀÍ ÛÏÒÉÃÀÍ ÈÖ ÌÏÖÅËÉ, ÒÀÌÄÍÀÉÒÀà ÜÀÌÏáÅÀË" ÀÈá'ÀËÉ ÌÖÛæÍÄÒ áàòâðãé É `ËðÃÉÛ ÄÓÄÒ ËÀÃÄÙÓ ãé, ÜæÄÓÄÒ ÄÌÀ ÉÒÃÉ, Ø'ÄÓÄÒ ËÀáÔÉáÄ (ÁØ., ÓÅÀÍ. ØÒÄÓÔ., 1978, 193:30-31) _ Àá- ËÀ ÄÓ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÀà ÄÓÀÖÁÒÄÁÀ ÃÀ `ÃÙÄÅÀÍÃÄË ÃÙÄÓÏ ÌÄ, ÈÖ ÝÏÝáÀËÉ ÅÉØÍÄÁÉÏ, ÂÀÃÀÂÉáÃÉÏ" ÀÌÉÒÀÍà ËÏØ ÍíÓÀæ ÄÍ ÉÛæÃ, ÏÃÏ ÜìÌÉÛà ËÏØ áïëêìã ËÉ (ËÛá., ÓÅÀÍ. ØÒÄÓÔ., 1978, 257:18) `ÀÌÉÒÀÍÌÀ ÀÒ ÀÉÛÅÀÓÏ, ÈÏÒÄÌ ÚÅÄ- ËÀÓÈÅÉÓ ÝÖÃÉÀÏ" àúðíô ÈðÛ ÀÙæÄ Ìðà ÂÖÙæÀ, ÜÖ áæàáøæäã ËéãÉÌ ÈðÛÓ (ËÍÔ., ÓÅÀÍ. ÐÒÏÆ. ÔÄØÓÔ., III, 1967, 35:17-18) `àúéíôé ÚÅÄËÉ ÈÖ ÀÒ ÂÅÀØÅÓ, ÅÀËÁÏÁÈ ÌÀÒÉËÉÀÍ ÚÅÄËÓ" ËÀÃìæÛËÀÃÉ ÄÍÌÀßæÃÀá ÈáÖÌ, ÄÃÏ ÌÀÙæÀÒÓ áæààãä (ÜÏË.),,ÃÙÄÓÅÄ ÂÀÉÌÀÒÈËÏÍ ÈÀÅÉ, ÈÏÒÄÌ ÃÀÅÀ ÉÝÄÁ" ÐÉÒÏÁÉÈÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖËÉÀÍ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÄÁÛÉ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÈÀ ÂÀÌÏÚÄÍÄ- ÁÉÓ ÈÅÀËÓÀÆÒÉÓÉÈ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉÓ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÉ ÀÒÀÄÒÈÂÅÀÒÏÅÀÍ ÓÖÒÀÈÓ ÂÅÉÜÅÄÍÄÁÄÍ, ÆÄÌÏÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÉÓÀÂÀÍ ÂÀÍÓáÅÀÅÄÁÉÈ (ÓÀÃÀÝ ÖÊÀÅÛÉÒÏ ÛÄÄÒÈÄÁÀÀ ÖÐÉÒÀÔÄÓÉ) ØÅÄÌÏÓÅÀÍÖÒ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÛÉ (ÌÀÈ ÛÏÒÉÓ ÜÏËÖÒÖËÛÉ) ÜÀÌÏÈÅËÉËÉ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÉ áûéòàã ÂÀÌÏÉÚÄÍÄÁÀ. cira goge gebas basvi vili ruxi feri svanur nursi (da danar narcen qartve Tvelur enebtan mimar marte TebiT bit) ruxi warmoadgens gardamaval fers TeTrsa da Savs Soris. qartuli enis ganmartebiti leqsikonis mixedvit, ruxi TeTrnarevi Savia, muqi nacrisferi, lega. svanursi misi Sesatyvisia fðr (zs.), fiar (Cbx.), qurux rux (lsx.), isviatad 27

29 far (zs.), fðr{ } (lnt.); nacrisfers ki mtel svanursi Seesabameba imave struqturisa da mnisvnelobis tˆtifer (bz.), tˆtisfer (bq.), dˆtifer (lsx.), tˆtefer (lnt.): mi maya fðr C J (bz.) `me myavs ruxi cxeni"; nar Jurd fðr abgil J'osJ osrek hingir girs `vajma ruxi xurjini Camohkida unagirs"; Sina ir buzul xosa mumfðr li (lnt.) `Sinauri buzi ufro moruxo aris"; gare reul cic ferd qurux feris li (lsx.) `gareuli kata ferad ruxi feris aris". svanuri nacrisferis gamomxatveli leqsema fðr- migebuli unda iyos saerto-qartveluri Zirisagan velaruli umlautis gzit (m. qaldani, b. gigineisvili, z, sarjvelaze). rogorc cnobilia, fero Zvel qartulsi ert-erti feris armnisvneli terminia. sulxan-saba orbelianis ganmartebit, igi aris `TeTrsa da Savs sasuali". igive vitarebaa dres megrul- Si: fer-o qoto Tomi `SavTeTri qatamia" (p. Waraia, o. qajaia). ruxisa da nacrisfris jgufebsi ertiandeba Semdegi kompozitebi: bz., lnt. k ðmi mifer fer, bq. k ðmi misfer Sfer, lsx. k amifer (`kvamlisferi"), bz. gimfer fer, bq. gimis misfer fer, qs. gime mefer (`miwisferi"), lnt. bˆrifer (`Ria nacrisferi"), bz. berjðfer fer, bq. berjem Jemfer fer, lsx. berji Jifer fer, lnt. bere reji Jifer (`rkinisferi"=moruxo), bz. q isifer fer q isšmi q isšmifer fer, bq. q isemfer (`qvi- Sisferi"= monacrifro-mosavo), bq. widis disfer (`WuWyisferi"=monacrisfro-moSavo), bz. Sdug ifer, bq. Sdug isfer fer, lsx. Sdug efer, lnt. Stug efer (`Tagvisferi"), bz. W adðfer fer, bq. W edis isfer fer, lsx. W edifer (monacrisfro, `kedlisferi"), bz., lnt. bðci Cifer fer, bq. bac emfer fer, lsx. beci Ci- fer (`qvisferi"), bq. bih isfer (`obisferi"=monacrisfro), bz. qðmi mifer fer, bq. qðmi misfer Sfer, lxm. filis lisfer (`ferflisferi"), bq. hðsdk is Sdk isfer (`xvlikisferi"), bz., lsx. TxerŠmifer fer, bq. Txerem remfer fer, lnt. Txere reîfer (`mglisferi"=moruxo), lsx. SyeJ ifer, lnt. SyaJ ifer ("mwyrisferi"=monacrisfro-moyavisfro, lsx. cxek ifer, lnt. cxak ifer (`qorisferi"=na- 28

30 crisferi Savi wertilebit), zs. TuTni nifer fer, lsx. TuTu Tuni nifer (`Tambaqosferi")... ruxi (nacrisferi) gvxvdeba TikunebSi (fa faro roca Ca, vejna na), cxovelta, frinvelta da balaxta monacemebsi (far farna naî, ko- ma k ama k ama, farcol Col, fardel del, farol rol, faro ro, q isara raî, q ise- raî, q isor)... SesaZlebelia lasxuri qu-rux rux- geneturad qartul rux fuzes ukavsirdebodes. saertoqartveluri fer- Ziri gamoyenebulia aramxolod zogadi (`feri"), aramed konkretuli mnisvnelobitac: qartuli enis dasavlur dialeqtebsi fer-a-fer (gur., imer.), fer-ua (raw.), me-fer fer-v-ia (lcx.)`wiaferas"arnisnavs (Phitolacca americana, rus. лаконос _ mravalwlovani balaxovani mcenare; aqvs mowitalo datotvili Rero; iketebs TeTr wvril yvavilebs; isxams yurznis mtevnis msgavs nayofs; ixmareba sarebavad da melnis gasaketeblad). rawuli forma unda hqondes gamoyenebuli arsen onians Tavis wignsi `megmares i balxare JaxŠle xora ", romelic 1917 wels gamosca niko marma petrogradsi: ferua ruaî balax li i Zir muy Tel x r i amsa Zirs iƒmarix larfen ld (gv. 28) `Wiafera balaxia da Ziri yviteli aqvs da amis Zirs xmaroben sarebavad". svanuri enis balsqvemour dialeqtsi (iseve, rogorc sxvagan) fer- Ziri zogadi semantikisaa (`feri"), magram mis zogiert kilokavsi `kvetiani rzis amosarev Cxirsac" (`xis amonayarsac") nisnavs; cnobili andazaa fer megam q'eser q amxe (`amonayari xes aaxlebso"). 29

31 gior orgi gogo golas lasvi vili e xmovni niani zmnuri fuze Zeebi qartul TulSi fuzesi e xmovnis Semcveli zmnuri fuzeebi qartulsi SeiZleba sam jgufad daiyos: a) zmnebi, romelta fuziseuli e xmovani yvela formasi ucvlelad aris warmodgenili: wer-s _ wer-a _ uwer-ia... b) zmnebi, romelta fuziseuli e xmovani monacvleobs i xmovantan: drek-s / drik-a... g) zmnebi, romelta fuziseuli e xmovani monacvleobs nultan: gav-cer _ ga-cr-a _ cr-is... I-II SemTxvevisagan gansxvavebit III SemTxveva imitacaa saintereso, rom am tipis yvela zmnuri fuzis zanuri Sesatyvisi Seicavs qartuli a xmovnis Sesatyvis xmovans (o/u/i)... es imaze metyvelebs, rom mesame tipis fuzeta amosavali xmovani aris a. zog SemTxvevaSi es amosavali a xmovani dasturdeba kidec sxvadasxva formasi: cer _ na-car-i; Wer _ gav-war-i (guruli dialeqt.)... a>e gadabgereba qartulsi istoriulad moqmedi umlautis procesis moqmedebis Sedegi unda iyos... rados doslav kanar narkov kovsk ski (kra krakovi kovi) adami mianis sxeulis nawi wilta saxel xelwo wode deba bani ubixur xursi moxsenebasi warmodgenilia ubixur anatomiur saxelwodebata struqturuli daxasiateba da etimologiuri analizi. sinqroniul ÚrilSi agebulebis TvalsazrisiT saanalizo sityvata Soris SeiZleba ganvasxvavot otxi mtavari jgufi: a) wminda fuze: g j ƽ `guli~; ša `Tavi~; χa `ZarRvi~ 30

32 am jgufs ganekutvneba agretve fuzeebi gaqvavebul klasis nisnit: t-xƽ `mxari~; b-ƽʒ `ZuZu~ b) fuze + afiqsi: nƽ-ḇa `filtvi~; g j ƽ-fa `mkerdi~; fa-ca `cxviri~ g) reduplicirebuli fuze: čj a-čj a `Tirkmeli~ d) kompoziti: bla-c a [Tvali + kana] `qututo~; ša-pq [Tavi + Zvali] `qala~; gansakutrebul SemTxvevas warmoadgens sinonimuri kompoziti: qā-ṗa [xeli + xeli] `xeli~ e) kompoziti + afiqsi: ša-ča-fa [Tavi + win + TavsarTi] `Subli~ zogi Ziri dadasturebulia rogorc afxazur-abazursi aseve CerqezulSi: ub. ša afx. a-xƽ abaz. qa Cerq. ŝhƽ s. afx.-ad. ardgeba: *qa `Tavi~. ub. bza afx. a-bƽz abaz. bzƽ Cerq. bzƽ-g ƽ ს. afx.-ad. ardgeba: *baza // *bƽza // *bza `ena~. ub. t-xƽ afx. a-b-γa-š:ara abaz. b-γa ad. t-xƽ-q ƽpŝh yab. t-xƽ ს. ს. afx.-ad. ardgeba: *d/t + *xa xa/xƽ `mxari~, `xerxemali~ [d-/twarmomavlobit klasis nisnebia]. sxva SemTxvevaSi ardgeba mxolod saerto ubixur-cerqezuli Ziri, romelic ar Semoinaxa afxazur-abazursi. isviatad gvxvdeba sapirispiro vitareba, roca ardgeba mxolod saerto ubixur-afxazur-abazuri Ziri: ub. b-ƽʒ ad. b-ƽʒƽ yab. b-ƽʒ s. ub.-cerq. ardgeba: *b-ƽʒƽ `ZuZu~ [Sdr. afx. a-kik ika abaz. kik ika]. ub. χa ad. x ƽ yab. fƽ s. ub.-cerq ardgeba: *x a `ZarRvi~ [Sdr. afx. a-da abaz. da]. 31

33 xeli ub. qā-ṗa afx. a-na-ṗƽ abaz. na-ṗƽ s. ub.-cerq. ardgeba: *-ṗa [Sdr. Cerq. ς e] sainteresoa sakitxi saerto afxazur-adirur-qartveluri anu saerto afxazur-adirur-naxuri Zirebis arsebobis Sesaxeb: ub. χa; CeC. bacb. p-χa < *b-χa < *b-χ a `ZarRvi~ ub. t-xƽ < *d-xƽ; qart. m-x-ar-i; megr. x-uǯ-i; laz. (m-)x-uǯ-i; p-x-uǯ-i < *b-x-uǯ-i `mxari~. levan kela laura raze amosa sava vali pirda dapi piri obieq eqti tisa da fina nalu luri subi bieq eqtis mravlo lobi bito Tobis /en en/ nisnis nis rekon konstruq struqci ciisa satvis saer erto Toqar qartve Tvelur lursi Zveli qartuli enis prefiqsuli vnebitebis meore seriis mravlobiti ricxvis formata da svanuri enis prefiqsuli vnebitebis meore seriis formata Sepirispirebis safuzvelze saertoqartvelursi inian da enian vnebitta meore seriis formata Semdegi yalibebi ardgeba: mx. r. *-i-r-e (*xí-i-mal-e), *-e-r-e (*xí-e-mal-e), mr. r. *-i-r-en-t (*xí-i-mal-en-t), *-e-r-en-t (*xí-e-mal-en-t), sadac /en/ saboloo subieqtis _ anu amosavali pirdapiri obieqtis! _ mravlobitobis nisania. Zvel qartulsi sq /en/ nisnis refleqsebi daculia, Tanamedrove saliteraturo qartulsi ukve arar ixmareba, zanur- Si ar Cans, xolo svanursi vnebitebis meore seriis orive ricxvis formata fuzesira dasturdeba, Sdr., mag.: (<*ad-xí-i-six-en) `daviwvi~, atsix-ae (<*ad-i-six-en-a) `daiw- 32

34 (<ad-l-i-six-en-sd) (<*ad-xí-e-six-en) (<*ad-e-six-en-a) `daewva~ da sxv. maka labar bartya tyava rekla lama-ab abre rebis warwe wera rata martlwe Tlweri risa satvis 1. abrebze gantavsebuli warwerebi (sabrendo saxelwodebani Tu sareklamo gancxadebebi) sami ZiriTadi saxit dasturdeba. warmodgenilia: a) jer qartuli, xolo Semdeg ucxouri dasaxeleba (sauke- Teso SemTxvevaSi): klinika medi MEDI klinika kuracio CURATIO optika linza OPTICAL LINZA b) jer ucxouri, Semdeg ki qartuli saxelwodeba: DELFOS delfosi APOTHEKA aftiaqi WESTERN UNION fuladi gzavnilebi g) mxolod ucxouri saxelwodebani: STYLE BEAUTY SALOON BIER ПИВО BIER LEVIS DOCKERS JEANS WRANGLER zemot warmodgenili sami SemTxvevidan, ra Tqma unda, misa- Rebia mxolod pirveli _ jer qartuli da Semdeg ucxouri saxelwodebebit gaformebuli warwerebi. 2. unda gaswordes ucxo enebidan umartebulod gadmotanili ortanxmovniani sityva-saxelwodebani: fraiville ki ara: fraivi vile 33

35 klassika ki ara: klasika ka azzato ki ara: azato 3. ucxo enebidan gadmorebuli (sabrendo saxelwodebebad warmodenili) TanxmovanfuZiani saxelebi qartulad unda gaformdes saxelobiti brunvit: vogg ki ara: vogi okaid ki ara: okaidi 4. kompozitis pirveli nawili _ fuzis saxit warmodgenili _ calke ar daiwereba: bluz kafe ki ara: bluzka kafe feniqs jgufi ki ara: feniq niqsjgu sjgufi 5. is daboloebiani ucxo sityva _ servisi _ gagebulia, rogorc natesaobiti brunvis forma da asea warmodgenili: servis centri (saxelis fuzed micneulia servi). unda iyos: servis viscen centri tri. 6. zogi saxelwodeba brwyalebsia Casmuli (klinika `kuracio~...), xolo zogi ubrwyalebodaa warmodgenili (klinika medi...). vfiqrobt, sawiroa ertgvarovnebis dacva. 7. gasasworebelia abreviaciata dawerilobac, mag., wertilebis garese unda daiweros Sps (da ara: S.p.s.), ertad unda daiweros Tibi bisi (da ara: Ti bi si) da sxv. 8. SeiniSneba agretve stilistikuri uzustobani (gacerebebi ayvanilia videotvaltvalze...). 9. warwerebi unda gaiwmindos barbarizmebisagan (`remnebi~, `benzonasosebi~, `promoagentebi~...). 10. sareklamo warwerebsi daculi ar aris punqtuaciis wesebi (mag., sesxebi jarimebis garese oqros vercxlis aparaturis saojaxo nivtebis binebis avtomobilis uzrunvelyofit). 34

36 roman lolua lua uvula laru ruli Tanxmov xmovne nebi kavka kasi siis is alba banur nursi da mati saer erto Tolez lezgi giuri Sesa satyvi tyviso soba bani! " # $%& ხ: **, *,, *,-, *., *.-. 0, %#% "1 & " 0ხ # $%& (,,.), 04, " "" %# 5#!6#. 5# 0.",- ხ-!01# 1" $% 0#", 0, 0 04#" $1. # ხ 08! 9# 1 1&.#" 10 $0 0ხ #! ": %#%.-"... ".!.. 9ხ. %9. ". ხ. :..-.!!, ხ!,,-!,,-!,,,-,.!,,-!,,-!,,-!,,-!, %,.,, ხ- **, ": *, " 4 1, %#% "1 90 # $4. ხ# "1 %*," $" : %#%.-"... ".!.. 9ხ. %9. ". ხ. :..-. Ø Ø ხ,, ხ,, ხ,, ხ,, ხ,, ხ,, ხ,,, ხ *, 0" $%& *,- 1&.#" 10 $0 0ხ #! ": 35

37 %#%.-"... ".!.. 9ხ. %9. ". ხ. :..-.,,,,!,, ხ,,, ხ,!, ხ *,-, " %#% "1 & *; $%& ხ0# $ 4 ##".. ":. ხ0# %#% "1 ხ# ხ# 901": 16" %#1 " 4 *.- ", *.-4, 04, # 0ხ#, 16" 00 " 4!& # $%& (*.),!& $" # ხ1-0% 0 (*.<). ხ1."%#% "1 & *= $%& $ ##". #,!1#, 0 " *.ɀ %0? %#% "1 #6#?-( 1 $@-). & # & $%& *. 1&.#" 10 $0 0ხ #! ": %#%.-"... ".!.. 9ხ. %9. ". ხ. :..-..,!,@,!, Ø...,.., %..., %,!. *. 0" # & $%& *.- 10 " 90 : 36

38 %#%.-"... ".!.. 9ხ. %9. ". ხ,, ხ %.,Ø *.-! ": " $6-1! ".! %#% "1 ხ# ხ# 901": 16" 08! # $%& (**), & & # $%& (*.) 08! & $%& (*A). 0!". ხ ": ". 1#, 0?#". #?& & 0". & #?& 10 $0 0ხ #! ":.!; ". ხ,,;!. ხ;. ხ; 9ხ. ხ; ხ. ხ; :. ხ;. ხ, ხ & *ხ- ", 4 ". 1# 0:#,.# 1 ხ $ #6#.!1, 0 0" *ხ- "?&" 9 0." ხ6- - :#", ხ "1 16" #ხ" 0 $0 ",, :#,!& *ხ *ხ :# $0 #!": %#%.-"... ".!.. 9ხ. %9. ". ხ. :..-. ხ ხ! ხ,, ხ, D ხ ხ, D ხ ხ ხ,, ხ, E,, *ხ 0, ხ %#% " 1 *F *G &?&" $ ##". 37

39 Tamar lomtaze qartul-ebrauli leqsikuri kontaqtebisatvis xalxebs Soris aqtiuri kontaqtebis dros, bunebrivia, xdeba enobriv erteulta erti enidan meoresi sesxeba, amitom qartvelta da ebraelta mravalsaukunovani urtiertobis Sedegebi, ra Tqma unda, leqsikasicaa saziebeli. qartul-ebrauli enobrivi kontaqtebis Taobaze gamokvlevata simcire sagrznobia. mat Soris arsanisnavia k. lerneris, k. dumbazis, r. enoxis... Sromebi. sxvadasxva qveyanasi xangrzlivad cxovrebis pirobebsi xsirad xdeboda ebrauli enis Sereva adgilobriv enebtan, ris Sedegad miviret, magalitad srulfasovan enobriv sistemebad idisi da ispa pani niola (romeltagan pirveli germanuli, ebrauli da nawilobriv slavuri, xolo meore _ Zveli espanuri da ebrauli enobrivi elementebis narevia _ k. dumbaze, nawili ama Tu im enis odnav gansxvavebuli dialeqturi nairsaxeobaa _ magalitad, ebraul-italiuri, ebraul-arabuli), xolo azerbaijansi, darestansa Tu tajiketsi SemorCenil metyvelebas yofili enobrivi kontinuumis nastebad miicneven (s. aslanovi). k. dumbazis SromaSi `leqsikuri ebraizmebi qartul qalaqur JargonSi~ damajerebladaa nacvenebi sefarduli tradiciebis normebis matarebel qartvel ebraelta metyvelebasi SemorCenili sityvebis analizi, romelta arsebobam Tanamedrove ebrauli enis istoriulad gamartlebuli modelis ardgena- Sic udidesi roli Seitana. sailustraciod dasaxelebuli da gaanalizebulia sityvebi tobe be, ganabi bi, mayu yuti da a. S. sainteresoa am mxriv sityva itoxla lava va, romelic dumbazes mxolod `Wamis~ mnisvnelobit aqvs dasaxelebuli. mag., me ukve vitoxlave, Toxle da male gamodi. Toxli dasaxelebuli aqvs agretve sawmlis mnisvnelobit, magram aqve arafers ambobs ert niuansze. qartul JargonSi Wam- zmnas aqvs gadataniti mnisvneloba: awama `moatyua~, Wama `motyuvda~. zustad amave mnisvne- 38