Islamization and Politicians in Indonesia: An Analysis of the and Regional People s Representative Council Elections

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Χριστιανός Γιαννόπουλος
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1 Islamization and Politicians in Indonesia: An Analysis of the and Regional People s Representative Council Elections M>>8=> Ken* The ruling Golkar party dominated the political scene during the Suharto era, but recently political power has been contested among various parties, including Islamic parties that emerged in the election. Some analysis of that election is still focused on a dichotomy between secular and Islamic parties, the so-called aliran politics of the s. There is also an argument that political elites formed during the Suharto era have persisted even after the reformasi in. This article, through an analysis of profiles of members elected to the Regional People s Representative Council DPRD in and, argues that aliran politics has been fading away and that new politicians have been emerging slowly. Although no longer dominant, Golkar has widened its base and absorbed some Islamic votes, while the new Islamic parties attract the relatively higher educated and some business elites. Thus Islamization is not directly related to the emergence of Islamic parties. Old political elites have also maintained their influence within both secular and Islamic parties, and various organizations dating from the Suharto era have been recruiting local elites. The increasing number of swing votes, largely consisting of urban people, is accelerating the shift in political elites. Keywords: Post-Soeharto Indonesia, Islam, Islamism, Islamization, political elite, political party, general elections I Faculty of Policy Studies, Iwate Prefectural University, Takizawa-aza-sugo, Takizawa, Iwate Japan kendjokobd.so-net.ne.jp 98

2 Robison and Hadiz ; + 99

3 Roy ; ; ; van Bruinessen Sidel PDI-P PPP PKB PAN PBB PK PD PKS, International Crisis Group Jamhari Abuza 100

4 ; II NU PNI PKI PSI - LIPI KPU. / NU NU Parmusi Persis DDII 101

5 NU NU PPP PNI PDI NU PKI PNI NU / Geertz 2 HMI Yes No! NU

6 NU NU NU Haidar : 3 Partaipartai Islam partai berbasis massa Islam Sabili,.. 103

7 Poros Tengah NU III Partai Islam Hassan ; 104

8 IAIN NU IAIN AMPI Kosgoro KNPI AMPI KNPI IV LSI 105

9 LSI PDS V NU NU / LSI 106

10 NU NU NU NU NU NU NU NU PBR NU NU 107

11 NU HMI HMI HMI HMI HMI HMI KAMMI ICMI ICMI MUI DMI BKPRMI DMI BKPRMI HMI PII ICMI MUI PII HMI KAMMI KAMMI KAMMI KAMMI KAMMI BKPRMI DMI Porter NU PII HMI HMI-MPO 108

12 DDII Persis DDII KISDI KISDI DDII DDII DDII Sidel : Persis DDII Kompak Kompak Kompak Hefner ; Sidel Kompak 109

13 VI NU 110

14 NU KNPI HMI HMI NU ICMI DMI/BKPRMI PII ; HMI KAMMI 111

15 IAIN NU NU Dewan Dakwah Islamiyah Nahdlatul Wathan 112

16 DDII Pam Swakarsa DDII FPI Hasan : : 113

17 : Abuza, Zachary.. Political Islam and Violence in Indonesia. London: Routledge. Van Bruinessen, Martin.. Genealogies of Islamic Radicalism in Post-Suharto Indonesia. Southeast Asia Research :. Geertz, Cliford.. The Social History of an Indonesian Town. Cambridge, Massachusetts: M. I. T. Press. Haidar, M. Ali.. Nahdatul Ulama dan Islam di Indonesia. Jakarta: Gramedia. Hasan, Noorhaidi.. Faith and Politics: The Rise of the Laskar Jihad in the Era of Transition in Indonesia. Indonesia :. Hassan, Sahar L.; Kuat Sukardiyono; and Dadi M. H. Basri, eds.. Memilih Partai Islam: Visi, Misi, dan Persepsi. Jakarta: Gema Insani Press. Hefner, Robert W.. Civil Islam: Muslims and Democratization in Indonesia. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Jamhari, Jajang Jahroni, ed.. Gerakan Salafi Radikal di Indonesia. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers. Lembaga Survey Indonesia LSI. The Behavior of Muslim Voters: The Issues of the Presidency, Parties, and Democracy. Jakarta, November. Porter, Donald J.. Managing Politics and Islam in Indonesia. Oxon: RoutledgeCurzon. Robison, Richard; and Hadiz, Vedi R.. Reorganising Power in Indonesia: The Politics of Oligarchy in an Age of Markets. Oxon: RoutledgeCurzon. Roy, Olivier.. The Failure of Political Islam, translated by Carol Volk. Cambridge: Harvard University Press... Globalised Islam: The Search for a New Ummah. New Delhi: Rupa. Sidel, John T.. Riots, Pogroms, Jihad: Religious Violence in Indonesia. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. Sabili, no.,... PKS Akhirnya: pp.. 114

18 * / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 115

19 / * * * / 116

20 NU* Muhammadiyah* / ICMI MUI BKPMI/ BKPRMI/DMI PII DDII Persis HMI PMII KAMMI *NU 117

21 KNPI AMPI Karang Taruna / Pemuda Pancasila FKPPI Korpri Kosgoro / Gapensi Kadin/Kadinda / 118

22 * ** *** / * universitas, penguruan tinggi ** IAIN STAIN *** Aliyah Aliyah MAN MA Muallimin Ma had 119

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