2-D Strain: Πού και πότε κρίνεται απαραίτητο; ΙΓΝΑΤΙΟΣ ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΔΗΣ MD, PHD, FESC ΕΠΙΚΟΥΡΟΣ ΚΑΘΗΓΗΤΗΣ ΚΑΡΔΙΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ Β ΚΑΡΔΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΗ ΚΛΙΝΙΚΗ, ΕΘΝΙΚΌ ΚΑΙ ΚΑΠΟΔΙΣΤΡΙΑΚΌ ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΑΘΗΝΩΝ ΝΟΣΟΚΟΜΕΙΟ ΑΤΤΙΚΟΝ
Aρχιτεκτονική μ.ινών-σύνθετη η συστολή της ΑΚ subendocardium: longitudinally right handed helix subepicardium: left handed helix rotation and torsion Russel et al. J am Coll Cardiol Img 2009;2:648 55
Επιμήκης (Longitudinal) Κυκλοτερής (Circumferential) Ακτινική (Radial)
Speckle tracking
Speckle tracking LV NORMAL VALUES RV NORMAL VALUES Normal values: Longitudinal strain >18 % Longitudinal strain rate > 1.1/s. Radial strain > 44% Radial strain rate > 2.43/s Reduced with older age Horton et al J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2009;22:776-792 Kuznetsova et al. European Heart Journal 2008;29:2014 23
Η Ελικοειδής παραμόρφωση % Στροφική κίνηση κορυφής (αντιωρολογιακή φορά) Στροφική κίνηση βάσης (ωρολογιακή φορά) %
ΚΛΙΝΙΚΕΣ ΕΦΑΡΜΟΓΕΣ SPECKLE TRACKING Στεφανιαία νόσος Μεγέθος ΟΕΜ Πρόγνωση μετά ΟΕΜ Βιωσιμότητα Πρόβλεψη αρρυθμιολογικού κινδύνου Απεικόνιση μυοκαρδιακής ίνωσης Καρδιακή ανεπάρκεια (HFLEF, HFpEF) Βαλβιδοπάθειες Μυοκαρδιοπάθειες Mυοκαρδίτιδα Ανίχνευση υποκλινικής δυσλειτουργίας της ΑΡ κοιλίας Xημειοθεραπεία,ΑΥ,ΣΔ Μελέτη ΔΕ κοιλίας
Example of impaired segmental strain measured by speckle tracking in the apical long-axis view in a mutation carrier without HCM phenotype expression. Yiu KH, Atsma DE, Delgado V, Ng ACT, et al. (2012) Myocardial Structural Alteration and Systolic Dysfunction in Preclinical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Mutation Carriers. PLoS ONE 7(5): e36115. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036115 http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0036115
Segmental strain measured by speckle tracking of the basal anteroseptal and posterior walls in each group: controls, mutation carriers without phenotype expression (Mut+/Phen ) N=46 mutation carrier with phenotype expression (Mut+/Phen+). N=47 Yiu KH, Atsma DE, Delgado V, Ng ACT, et al. (2012) Myocardial Structural Alteration and Systolic Dysfunction in Preclinical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Mutation Carriers. PLoS ONE 7(5): e36115. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036115 http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0036115
Association of GLS with fibrosis in HCM European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging (2012) 13, 617 623
HCM- FH sudden death
RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY
Restrictive
NORMAL FOOTBALL PLAYER Differential diagnosis: LongS<-10%, LongSR<-1.1l/s AMYLOID HOCM
DIABETIC CARDIOMYOPATHY 5m after adverse prognosis GLS<10%
Subclinical LV dysfunction in asymptomatic diabetic patients assessed by 2D ST: correlation with diabetes duration In addition to diastolic dysfunction, -Longitudinal strain was significantly lower in diabetic patients compared with control subjects -The decrease in LS correlated with duration of diabetes. -Subclinical LV longitudinal dysfunction is frequently observed in asymptomatic diabetes patients with normal LVEF Nakai et al.european Journal of Echocardiography 2009;10: 926 932
DCM RIGID BODY ROTATION Adverse prognosis Normal
MVO Healthy EEF 33% 75 % Ikonomidis et al Circulation Cardiovascular Imaging 2015 70 msec MVO RA without CAD EEF 26 % 64 % 85 msec RA with CAD MVO EEF 20 % 50 % 100 msec
Admission MYOCARDITIS DD FROM AMI 2 months
admission 2 months
Myocardial Deformation in Acute Myocarditis With Normal LV Wall Motion:Validation with MRI DE In patients with acute myocarditis, evidence of subepicardial damage and no wall motion abnormalities, longitudinal deformation is diffusely impaired, whereas circumferential is regionally sited in the areas of subepicardial damage. G.Di Bella et al.circ J 2010; 74: 1205 1213
MRI+ΓΑΔΟΛΙΝΙΟ 2D-STRAIN 4CH 2CH 3CH Το επίμηκες strain (-4%) είναι ο δείκτης απουσίας βιωσιμότητας μετά OEM Migrino R Am J Cardiol 2009;104:1023 1029
REST
Longitudinal and Circumferential Strain Rate is related with LV Remodeling,and Prognosis after AMI during 20-month f/up: VALIANT Investigators J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;56:1812 22
Early Echocardiographic Deformation Analysis for the Prediction of Sudden Cardiac Death and Life-Threatening Arrhythmias After AMI GLS> -12% MMD >61,5ms GLS< -15.5% Ersbøll J Am Coll Cardiol Img 2013;6:851 60 MMD <49ms
DSE: 3-Chamber PATIENT WITH ALCHOHOL ABUSE AND 2VESSEL CAD LOW DSE PEAK DSE
Baseline LDSE Peak DSE Low dose Peak dose
ΔΙΑΚΟΠΗ ΑΛΚΟΟΛ ΦΑΡΜΑΚΕΥΤΙΚΗ ΑΓΩΓΗ F/U1
BASELINE LOW DOB F/U1 ΤΙΜΕΣ LGS < -5% ΑΝΤΙΣΤΟΙΧΟΥΝ ΣΕ ΟΥΛΗ (>75% ΙΝΩΣΗ ΣΕ MRI)
F/U1 CONSERVATIVE LOW DOB F/U2 INTERVENTION
CAD, previous MI, HF ECHO Global and segmental function SCAR? (Thinned, highly echogenic, akinetic segment) No Yes Graftable or plastable vessel? No Viability test Novel techniques Yes CABG or PTCA
ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012 Patients with >10% of dysfunctional but viable LV myocardium may be more likely to benefit from myocardial revascularization and those with 10% less likely to benefit European Heart Journal (2012) 33, 1787 1847
Impaired Systolic Function by Strain Imaging in HFpEF 219 HFpEF patients Ιmpaired systolic function GLS, GCS despite preserved global LVEF in HFpEF Kraigher-Krainer et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63:447 56
Exercise capacity in hypertensives A reverse association between PWV and VO2PEAK was revealed in hypertensives with delayed BPRR Triantafyllidi H, Ikonomidis I Blood Pressure Monit, 2013 Increased LV untwisting rate was associated with increased NTproBNP and reduced VO2 peak Ikonomidis I, Eur J Heart Failure 2015
LA assessment Differentiates HT- HCM MVO c v a MVO c a Paraskevaidis,Papadopoulos, Ikonomidis Heart 2008 v
LA Deformation Predicts Eventful Course Atrial fibrillation Total Left Atrial Strain >21% Total Left Atrial Strain <21% Paraskevaidis I, Ikonomidis I et al,. Am Heart J 2009;158:444
RVGLS Provides Prognostic Value Incremental to LVEF in Patients with HF 171 patients HFLEF RV strain <-14.8% predicted adverse events after adjustment for age, LVEF, RV S, E/Ee septal, and right atrial volume index. Worse RV strain provides prognostic value incremental to LV function. Moroki et al. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2014;27:726-32
Prognostic Value of RV Longitudinal Peak Systolic Strain in Patients With PH 142 PH patients (37% PAH) 2,6y f-up Death 37 In patients with PH, RV LPSS is significantly associated with all-cause mortality. RV LPSS may be a valuable parameter for risk stratification of these patients Haeck et al. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;5:628-636
TRANSTUZUMAB-anthracycline
Baseline
1 month
Trends of GLS in three different chemo regimens, with or without beta-blocker European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging (2014) 15, 324 331
Trends of EF in three different chemo regimens, with or without beta-blockers European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging (2014) 15, 324 331
Early detection of subclinical LV dysfunction after chemotherapy using GLS Plana et al.j Am Soc Echocardiogr 2014;27:911-39
Increased benefit of IL-1 inhibition in RA-CAD(EF=45%) Anakinra:IL-1ra? Ikonomidis I Lekakis J. Circulation Cardiovasc Imaging 2014
IMPAIRED LONGITUDINAL DEFORMATION IN PSORIASIS IMPROVEMENT AFTER IL12/23 INHIBITION Ikonomidis I,Makavos G,Paraskevaidis J,Lekakis J Canadian Journal of Cardiology 2015
Effect of Aliskiren on Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Vascular Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Essential Hypertension Raptis A, Ikonomidis I Am J Hyperrtens 2014
Percentage changes in NYHA and BNP levels 48 hours after levosimendan infusion in CR+ versus CR- ADHF patients as assessed by changes in longitudinal strain rate using speckle tracking imaging Paraskevaidis J, Ikonomidis I, Parissis J, Kremastinos DT 20 p = 0.011 p = 0.007 4 0 % change -20-34 -40 CR- -50-60 -80-100 -100 NYHA (class) X 100 Am J Cardiol 2008;102:1225 1229. CR+ BNP
AR
2D STRAIN IN AR PROGRESSION AND SURGICAL OUTCOME Olsen NT, JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2011 Mar;4(3):223-30.
GLS is a strong independent predictor of all-cause mortality in patients with AOS pef GLS detects subclinical dysfunction and has incremental prognostic value over traditional risk markers including haemodynamic severity, symptom class, and LVEF in patients with AS. Independent predictor of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.38, P=0.001) Incorporation of GLS into risk models may improve the identification of the optimal timing for AV replacement. European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging 2012;13:827 833
TAVI-GLS LV EF and longitudinal systolic deformation were improved in TAVI greatest improvement in LV systolic longitudinal deformation after TAVI had a lower mortality rate. Low flow- low gradient aortic stenosis GLS was independent predictor of outcome (NTproBNP, peak stress LVEF) J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2013 Jan 8. pii: S0894-7317(12)00944-3 Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012 Dec 28.
GLS predicts LV dysfunction after mitral valve repair cut-off value LV GLS 19.9% predicts long-term postoperative LV dysfunction sensitivity 90% specificity 79% A GLS of -19.9 independent predictor of long-term LV dysfunction after adjustment for parameters currently implemented into guidelines. European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging 2012
LV-RV function ASE/EACVI European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging (2015) 16, 233 271
Συμπεράσματα Η μέτρησή του 2D strain είναι ιδιαίτερα χρήσιμη Εκτίμηση παρουσίας μυοκαρδιακής ουλής και τμηματικών διαταραχών κινητικότητας σε ασθενείς με στεφανιαία νόσο Διαφορική Διάγνωση μυοκαρδιοπάθειας από αθλητική καρδιά Διάγνωση καρδιακής ανεπάρκειας με διατηρημένο κλάσμα εξώθησης Διαστρωμάτωση κίνδυνου σε ασθενείς με οξύ έμφραγμα του μυοκαρδίου, μυοκαρδιοπαθειες, βαλβιδοπαθειες Παρακολούθηση ασθενών σε χημειοθεραπευτικα σχήματα για την έγκαιρη διάγνωση καρδιοτοξικοτητας Έλεγχος αποτελεσματικότητας θεραπευτικών παρεμβάσεων σε ασθενείς με υπέρταση,καρδιακή ανεπάρκεια και συστηματικές νόσους Έλεγχος λειτουργικότητας δεξιάς κοιλιας σε ασθενείς με πνευμονική υπέρταση και αριστερή καρδιακή ανεπάρκεια
ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΩ ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΠΡΟΣΟΧΗ ΣΑΣ!
LV TWIST Twist: Η απόλυτη διαφορά στην στροφική κίνηση βάσηςκορυφής (deg) Torsion :Σχέση στροφικής κίνησης βάσης και κορυφής υπολογίζοντας και τον επιμήκη άξονα της καρδιάς (deg/cm) Mondillo et al.j Ultrasound Med 2011;30:71-83
LA STRAIN pre-post cardioversion
2D STRAIN pre-post cardioversion
R=-0.424 p<0.001 Subclinical LV dysfunction is related to -Increased arterial stiffness -Impaired coronary flow reserve R=-0.385 p<0.001 Ikonomidis I et Eur J Heart Fail 2015 (in press)
Table 3: Univariate and multivariable association of CFR, PWV and LV mass with LV twistinguntwisting parameters in hypertensive heart disease Pulse wave velocity Coronary Flow Reserve Univariate Multivariable* Univariate LV mass index Multivariable Univariate Dependent variables Beta p Beta p Beta p Beta p Beta ptw (deg) -0.20 0.01-0.12 0.12 0.31 <0.00 0.11 0.18-0.24 p Systolic blood pressure Multivariable Beta 0.002-0.17 Univariate p Beta p Beta p 0.03 0.30 <0.00 0.29 <0.00 1 UtwMVO (deg) -0.24 0.002-0.18 0.03 0.52 <0.00 Multivariable 1 1 0.19 0.01-0.17 0.03-0.13 0.1 0.24 <0.01 0.20 0.01-0.16 0.03-0.15 0.05-0.16 0.03 0.14 0.07 0.05 0.19 0.02 0.18 0.025-0.15 0.045-0.16 0.04-0.15 0.04 1 %dptw-utwmvo UtwPEF (deg) - <0.00 - <0.00 0.54 1 0.42 1 0.20 0.012 0.13 0.1-0.20 0.001-0.15 <0.00-0.02-0.03-0.16 0.04 1 1 0.19-0.24 0.002-0.17 0.03 0.21 0.02-0.21 0.17 0.03 0.16 0.04-0.35 <0.00-0.28 0.002 1 %dptw-utwpef UtwEDF (deg) 0.30 <0.00 0.29 0.18 0.01 0.19 0.07 0.06 0.91 0.004 0.9 0.02 0.07 0.89 0.005 0.9 0.003-0.20 0.001 0.25 <0.00 0.24 <0.00 <0.00-0.14 1 %dptw-utwedf 0.18 ptwvel (deg/sec) -0.15 0.045-0.13 0.02 0.15 0.045-0.025-0.03-0.20 0.01-0.19 0.19 J Heart 0.18Fail 2015 (in press) Ikonomidis I et Eur 0.1 0.21 0.009 0.20 0.01-0.23
Exercise capacity in hypertensives A reverse association between PWV and VO2PEAK was revealed in hypertensives with delayed BPRR Triantafyllidi H, Ikonomidis I Blood Pressure Monit, 2013 Increased LV untwisting rate was associated with increased NTproBNP and reduced VO2 peak Ikonomidis I, Eur J Heart Failure 2015
Ikonomidis et al Cur Opinion Cardiol 2015, Eur Heart J 2015, Eur J Heart Fail 2015
Effect of Aliskiren on Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Vascular Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Essential Hypertension Raptis A, Ikonomidis I Am J Hyperrtens 2014
Effect of Aliskiren on Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Vascular Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Essential Hypertension Raptis A, Ikonomidis I Am J Hyperrtens 2014
SPECKLE TRACKING -RVGLS - Τεχνική ανεξάρτητη της γωνίας - Συνολική και τμηματική παραμόρφωση της ΔΚ - RV free wall 2D strain>-20% Lang et al J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2015;28:1-39
3D speckle tracking allows the quantification of 2 new 3-dimensional indexes: -3-dimensional strain obtained by the sum of radial, circumferential, and longitudinal vectors -area strain that assesses endocardial area changes. ED end diastole; ES end systole; L length; L0 initial length; Lr radial length. Am J Cardiol 2012;109:180 186
3D Speckle-Tracking Longitudinal Strain and Improvement of LV Function After AMI treated with PCI N=1535 Step 1: clinical variables (i.e., age, gender, diabetes, peak troponin T, TIMI flow grade 3) Step 2: clinical and echo variables (WMSI, LVEDV,LVESV,LVEF) Step 3: clinical and echo variables and global 3-D longitudinal strain. Cut-of -11.1 segmental LGS For ΔEF>5% ΔWMS>1 Am J Cardiol 2012;110:961 967
pre 5m after
Longitudinal strain by 3D, but not by 2D, differentiated non transmural segments with scar <25%. Am J Cardiol 2012;109:180 186
Eκτίμηση τμηματικής συστολικής λειτουργίας PLAX PSAX 17-segment model 4CH 2CH 3CH
Percentage changes in NYHA and BNP levels 48 hours after levosimendan infusion in CR+ versus CR- ADHF patients as assessed by changes in longitudinal strain rate using speckle tracking imaging Paraskevaidis J, Ikonomidis I, Parissis J, Kremastinos DT 20 p = 0.011 p = 0.007 4 0 % change -20-34 -40 CR- -50-60 -80-100 -100 NYHA (class) X 100 Am J Cardiol 2008;102:1225 1229. CR+ BNP
An example of a RA patient with CAD (LAD and D1) and impaired baseline mean longitudinal strain (-6%) After 3-hours of anakinra injection there was an improvement in mean longitudinal strain (-10%) Baseline IL-1=3.8 pg/ml (normal value 0,2 pg/ml)
ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑ Η ηχωκαρδιογραφία εξασφαλίζει την ανατομία των βαλβίδων και καρδιακών κοιλοτήτων την ακριβή εκτίμηση της συστολικής δυσλειτουργίας τη αναίμακτη μέτρηση των ενδοκαρδιακών πιέσεων τη διαχρονική παρακολούθηση της πορείας της νόσου την αποτελεσματικότητα των θεραπευτικών παρεμβάσεων Είναι άμεσα διαθέσιμη,πάρα την κλίνη του ασθενούς, χωρίς ακτινοβολία, με υψηλό δείκτη οφέλους /κόστους
POST PCI LAD AND CX F/U1 F/U2 POST-PCI
TRANSTUZUMAB-anthracycline
Baseline
1 month
1 month Baseline 1 YEAR
1 month Baseline 19 deg 19 deg 13 deg 1year
Trends of GLS in three different chemo regimens, with or without beta-blocker European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging (2014) 15, 324 331
Trends of EF in three different chemo regimens, with or without beta-blockers European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging (2014) 15, 324 331
Conclusions-S-SRI Reduced contractility when EF is preserved-diastolic dysfunction Regional function (annular TVI-global function) Regional inhomogeniety (more sensitive, cardiomyopathy- myocarditis) Assessment of scar Add on to TVI, WMS resolve doudts (CAD)
RA myocarditis
3D-STRAIN
66 y old female with RA and chest pain ADMISSION F/U
PRE-KINA REST ADEN POST-KINA
PRE-KINA POST-KINA
ADMISSION F/U
2D STRAIN IN AR PROGRESSION AND SURGICAL OUTCOME Olsen NT, JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2011 Mar;4(3):223-30.
Strain -AoRergurgitation Am J Cardiol. 2012;110(7):1051-5 J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2011;24(11):1253-9. GLS 17.5 ± 3.1% before AVR >-19.5%, sens: 77%,spec:94% for progressive AR >-11.5%, impaired outcome post AVR
Dysplactic Ao valve-lad AV LAD Echo Lab 2nd Cardiology Department, University of Athens, Attikon Hospital
4D LV VOLUME QUANTIFICATION (4DLVQ) 3D QUANTIFICATION ADVANCED TomTec 4D Analysis
Strain -AoRergurgitation Am J Cardiol. 2012;110(7):1051-5 J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2011;24(11):1253-9. GLS 17.5 ± 3.1% before AVR >-19.5%, sens: 77%,spec:94% for progressive AR >-11.5%, impaired outcome post AVR
2D ECHO-Ποσοτική εκτίμηση Βiplane method of discs (modified Simpson s rule) Άθροισμα όγκων ελλειπτικών δίσκων Συνιστώμενη μέθοδος για τον υπολογισμό του EF Forshortening κορυφής Υποεκτίμηση όγκων ΑΚ Lang et al. Eur J Echocardiogr 2006; 7:79-108 EFA4C = LVEDVA4C- LVESV A4C/LVEDVA4C X 100 EFA2C = LVEDVA2C- LVESV A2C/LVEDVA2C X 100
CONTRAST ECHO TO IMPROVE BORDER DELINEATION
MR ASSESSMENT
MR ASSESSEMENT IN HF: quantification LAMAS et al Circulation 1997 Lancelloti Circulation 2003
Παρούσα νόσος Ασθενής άνδρας 51 ετών χωρίς ΚΔ ιστορικό προσέρχεται με δύσπνοια σε μικρή κόπωση (NYHA II-III) σε Περιφερικό νοσοκομείο Καπνιστής, Πρόσφατη διάγνωση ΣΔ Οικογενειακό ιστορικό ΣΝ Κατάχρηση αλκοόλ Αύξηση τροπονίνης Υπερηχοκαρδιογραφημα χαμηλό ΚΕ Στεφανιογραφια Στέλεχος κ.φ Πρόσθιος κατιών 100% μετά την έκφυση του μεγάλου διαγώνιου (90% στομιακη στένωση) Περισπωμένη 80% εγγύς και 99% τέλος 1ου τριτημορίου,80% μεσότητα Δεξιά στεφανιαία κ.φ
ANGIOGRAM Προσέρχεται στο Αττικό 13 ημέρες μετα την αρχική νοσηλεία για εκτίμησηεπαναγγείωση
Plan for intervention DSE to assess viability-ischemia to open the LAD 100%
DSE: 4-Chamber LOW DSE PEAK DSE
DSE: 3-Chamber LOW DSE PEAK DSE
DSE: 2-Chamber LOW DSE PEAK DSE
REST LOW DSE PEAK DSE
Baseline LDSE Peak DSE Low dose Peak dose
Ινότροπη εφεδρεία
ΔΙΑΚΟΠΗ ΑΛΚΟΟΛ ΦΑΡΜΑΚΕΥΤΙΚΗ ΑΓΩΓΗ F/U1
Right Ventricle BASELINE F/U1
Left ventricle BASELINE F/U1
BASELINE LOW DOB F/U1 ΤΙΜΕΣ LGS < -5% ΑΝΤΙΣΤΟΙΧΟΥΝ ΣΕ ΟΥΛΗ (>75% ΙΝΩΣΗ ΣΕ MRI)
PCI-LAD ΑΓΓΕΙΟΠΛΑΣΤΙΚΗ ΣΤΟΝ ΠΡΟΣΘΙΟ ΚΑΤIΟΝΤΑ ΜΕ ΕΜΦΥΤΕΥΣΗ 3 ΕΠΙΚΕΚΑΛΥΜΕΝΩΝ ΕΝΔΟΠΡΟΘΕΣΕΩΝ ΤΑΥΤΟΧΡΟΝΗ ΔΙΑΣΤΟΛΗ (KISSING BALLOON) ΣΤΟΝ ΔΙΧΑΣΜΟ ΤΟΥ ΠΡΟΣΘΙΟΥ ΚΑΤΙΟΝΤΑ ΜΕ ΤΟΝ ΠΡΩΤΟ ΔΙΑΓΩΝΙO
PCI-CX ΑΓΓΕΙΟΠΛΑΣΤΙΚΗ ΣΤΗΝ ΠΕΡΙΣΠΩΜΕΝΗ ΜΕ ΕΜΦΥΤΕΥΣΗ 2 ΕΠΙΚΕΚΑΛΥΜΕΝΩΝ ΕΝΔΟΠΡΟΘΕΣΕΩΝ
POST PCI F/U1 F/U2 POST-PCI
F/U1 CONSERVATIVE LOW DOB F/U2 INTERVENTION
Circumferential strain F/U1 Conservative BASELINE F/U2 Intervention IMPROVEMENT OF SUBENDOCARDIAL LAYERS BY LVEDP IMPROVEMENT OF EPICARDIAL LAYERS BY OF ISCHEMIA
Prediction of 6min walk>265m: LongS and SR additive to BNP in CHF ROC Curve 1,0 Source of the Curve resting Radial strain Δ Radial strain 0,8 resting Radial SR Sensitivity Δ Radial SR resting Longitundinal strain 0,6 Δ Longitundinal strain resting Longitundinal SR 0,4 Δ Longitundinal SR 0,2 Δ Circumferential strain resting Circumferential strain resting Circumferential SR Δ Circumferential SR 0,0 Reference Line 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1 - Specificity Diagonal segments are produced by ties. Paraskevaidis J, Ikonomidis I et al Int J Cardiol 2014
Increased benefit of IL-1 inhibition in RA-CAD(EF=45%) Anakinra:IL-1ra? Ikonomidis I Lekakis J. Circulation Cardiovasc Imaging 2014
An example of a RA patient with CAD (LAD and D1) and impaired baseline mean longitudinal strain (-6%) After 3-hours of anakinra injection there was an improvement in mean longitudinal strain (-10%) Baseline IL-1=3.8 pg/ml (normal value 0,2 pg/ml)
ACCF/ASE/AHA/ASNC/HFSA/HRS/SCAI/SCCM/ SCCT/SCMR 2011 Appropriate Use Criteria for Echocardiography J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2011;24:229-67.
ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012 Patients with >10% of dysfunctional but viable LV myocardium may be more likely to benefit from myocardial revascularization and those with 10% less likely to benefit European Heart Journal (2012) 33, 1787 1847
ESC GUIDELINES 2012
ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑ Η ηχωκαρδιογραφία εξασφαλίζει την ακριβή εκτίμηση της συστολικής δυσλειτουργίας τη αναίμακτη μέτρηση των ενδοκαρδιακών πιέσεων τη διαχρονική παρακολούθηση της πορείας της νόσου την αποτελεσματικότητα των θεραπευτικών παρεμβάσεων Είναι άμεσα διαθέσιμη,πάρα την κλίνη του ασθενούς, χωρίς ακτινοβολία, με υψηλό δείκτη οφέλους /κόστους Και άρα η κύρια και πολλές φορές η μόνη απεικονιστική εξέταση που χρειάζεται
ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΩ ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΠΡΟΣΟΧΗ ΣΑΣ!
LV function Contrast -3D L. Strain ASE/EACVI European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging (2015) 16, 233 271
RV function ASE/EACVI European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging (2015) 16, 233 271
Stress echocardiography
DSE +TDI to assess viability
DOB REST 10/31/2015
REST INOTROPIC RESERVE -IMPROVED NYHA, 6 MIN,BNP AFTER LEVOSIMENDAN DOB DOB Paraskevaidis I Ikonomidis I, et al. Am J Cardiol 2008;102:1225 1229
REST 10/31/2015 1 YEAR AFTER
Dobutamine-induced changes of left atrial two-dimensional deformation predict clinical and neurohumoral improvement after levosimendan treatment in patients with ADHF IMPROVED 10/31/2015 Paraskevaidis I,Ikonomidis i Int J Cardiol 2010 NOT IMPROVED
3D STRESS ECHO -Better visualization of the LV apex -Rapid acquisition of peak stress images -Evaluation of multiple segments from different planes Lower spatial resolution and lower frame rates. Lang et al. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2012;25:3-46
3D+CONTRAST DSE Triplane base Triplane stress
An example of a RA patient with CAD (LAD and D1)
METANALYSIS: IMPROVED PROGNOSI AFTER REVACULARISATION IN VIABLE MYOCARDIUM Alman J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;39:1151 8. Camici Circulation 2008;117:103 14.
LA in DCM Atrial Reserve 16 Group I p:0.001 14 30 10 25 8 20 LAEF (% ) LAEV (ml) 12 35 Group II p:ns 6 4 2 0-2 Subgroup Ia p:0.001 Subgroup Ib p:ns 15 10 5 VO2max > 14 ml/kg/min Dob 0 Dob 10 Dob 0 0 Dob 10-5 Dob 0 Dob 10 Dob 0 Dob 10 IA Paraskevaidis et al,. Chest 2002;122:1340-7 Paraskevaidis I, Ikonomidis I. Int.J Cardiol 2010
Increased benefit of IL-1 inhibition in RA-CAD(EF=45%) Anakinra:IL-1ra? Ikonomidis I Lekakis J. Circulation Cardiovasc Imaging 2014
An example of a RA patient with CAD (LAD and D1) and impaired baseline mean longitudinal strain (-6%) After 3-hours of anakinra injection there was an improvement in mean longitudinal strain (-10%) Baseline IL-1=3.8 pg/ml (normal value 0,2 pg/ml)
CAD, previous MI, HF ECHO Global and segmental function SCAR? (Thinned, highly echogenic, akinetic segment) No Yes Graftable or plastable vessel? No Viability test Novel techniques Yes CABG or PTCA
CONCORDANCE BETWEEN IMAGING TECHNIQUES
European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging (2012) 13, 1 46
Incremental value of subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction for the identification of patients with obstructive CAD.Use of speckle tracking GLS:-17.4 sens:83%,spec:77% Gaetano Nucifora, Am Heart J 2010;159:148-57
Novel techniques
Wall Motion Score Index (WMSI) 1 = normal motion 2 = hypokinesis 17-segment model 3 = akinesis 4 = dyskinesis WMSI= sum of all scores/ total number of segments visualized Cerqueira et al Circulation 2002;105:539-542
ACCF/ASE/AHA/ASNC/HFSA/HRS/SCAI/SCCM/ SCCT/SCMR 2011 Appropriate Use Criteria for Echocardiography J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2011;24:229-67.
ESC GUIDELINES 2012
TWISTING-UNTWISTING Normal Football player amyloid HOCM
ΣΥΓΧΡΟΝΗ ΗΧΩΚΑΡΔΙΟΛΟΓΙΑ Εκτίμηση συστολικής και διαστολικής λειτουργίας Πολύ σημαντικό επίτευγμα της σύγχρονης ηχωκαρδιογραφικής μελέτης Διάγνωση (ΣΝ, καρδιακή ανεπάρκεια, βαλβιδοπάθειες, ΠΥ) Θεραπεία (φάρμακα-επαναιμάτωση-ινοτροπα-αποφάσεις για εμφύτευση συσκευών- χειρουργική αντιμετώπιση) Πρόγνωση Εκτίμηση βαλβιδοπαθειών (διάγνωση πρόγνωση- θεραπεία)
Prediction of 6min walk>265m: LongS and SR additive to BNP in CHF ROC Curve 1,0 Source of the Curve resting Radial strain Δ Radial strain 0,8 resting Radial SR Sensitivity Δ Radial SR resting Longitundinal strain 0,6 Δ Longitundinal strain resting Longitundinal SR 0,4 Δ Longitundinal SR 0,2 Δ Circumferential strain resting Circumferential strain resting Circumferential SR Δ Circumferential SR 0,0 Reference Line 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1 - Specificity Diagonal segments are produced by ties. Paraskevaidis J, Ikonomidis I et al Int J Cardiol 2014
LAD mid 90%
1 month Baseline 1 YEAR
Dobutamine-induced changes of left atrial two-dimensional deformation predict clinical and neurohumoral improvement after levosimendan treatment in patients with ADHF IMPROVED 10/31/2015 NOT IMPROVED Paraskevaidis I,Ikonomidis i Int J Cardiol 2010