IXELUAIMOI TOY IYITHMATOI OPTOIHI-METAcK>PAI ME EKIKA41EII/410PTOTEI KAI XOMATOYPfiKA AYTOKINHTA

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1 / / T XNIKO EniMENITHPIO EMA~ f"j'a~eio 'ffik~lhpiqd-il' IXELUAIMOI TOY IYITHMATOI OPTOIHI-METAcK>PAI ME EKIKA41EII/410PTOTEI KAI XOMATOYPfiKA AYTOKINHTA r.n. navayiwtou To~tac; MeraMeunKric; E.M. no>.urexveio EIIAfOfH To ouorru.ja <p6prwo11c;-~era<popac; nou anore>.&ira1 an6 ekoka<peic; ~ovou Ka6ou (shovels, roane<;) ri <poprwrtc; KOI xw~aroupyika aurokivnra, eiva1 no>.u 61a6&00I.Jtvo or1~ unai8p1ec; ~ TOM&UTIKE<; KOI >.aro~ike<; &K~ETO>.>.EU0 1<;.\6yw TWV 0111.JavTIKWV ni.&ovtktjli.jotwv nou napouoi0~ 1, ~&TO~U TWV onoiwv OJli.JOiVOUOO 9EOI1 KaTE)(tl 11 ~OiptTIKfl EUEAI~ia TOU. H e<pap~oyfl rou ouorfl~aroc; aurou ora opu)(tia rou J\1yvmKou Ktvrpou nro>.e!.jaioac; - A~UVTOiOU napouoj0~ 1 OIOKiVJ1011 TWV OKi.JlpWV ay6vwv OXI'WOTIO~WV. 1610iT&po e:voio<ptpov >.6yw Tile; OUOIOOTJKflc; OUI.Jf30>.fl<; TOU OTI")V H &nlruxri<; YKOTOOrOOr] KOI >.e:noupyia TOU avwrtpw OUOTfli.JOTOc; 0& I.Jia &KI.J&T0>.>.&UOJ1 e~aprara1 ano tvav orwavrrk6 apr9~6 napay6vrwv, 01 onoior, ornv <peon rou oxe:6iooi.jou rou ouorili.jotoc;, o~aoonorouvrar one; &~ric; Karrwopiec;: &niaovri rou &~oni.ioi.jou OX&6IOOI.JO<; rwv OOOV I.J&Ta<popac;, 9EOtWV <p6ptwoi1c; Kal XWpulV an69t011<; ntx 1pJ10IOK6<; OX 0100~6<; TOU OUOTrii.JaToc; 6a nptne:1 VO OJ1j.J 1W9e:i OTI 11 KTrlOll KOI ~UnJ1pETI1011 TOU t~onaioi.jou anam~i OJli.JavTIKE<; e:m::v6uo&i<;, &VW TO KOOTO<; A&ITOUpyiac; KOI OUVTrlPI10I1c; TOU OUOTfli.JaTO<; (I.JilXOVrli.JaTO KOI oooi I.J&Ta<popac;) e:ivar e:~mper1ka U4JllA6, um::peaivovrac; oe: noma unai9pta opu)(tia To 50% TOU OUVOAIKOU KOOTOU<; &KI.J&TO>.A&UO!l<;. To yeyov6c; aur6 t::mf3.0>.>.e:l rov i.&moi.j&pr') oxeolaoi.j6 rou ouorr;~aroc; KOI TllV ~e>.trn Twv napai.j&tpwv &Ke:ivwv nou &nr)pea~ouv Tnv A&ITOUpyia rou, r01 WOrt VO &nituyxovovtal TO f3ti.rioto anot&atoi.jatc I.JE TO I.J1Kp6n:po OUVOTO KOOTO<;. EnlAOfH TOY E:::On/\IIMOY H em.>-.oyr') TOU Tunou KOI 1.J&yt9ouc; TOU ce:oni.ioi.jou nou Sa XPr)OII.JOnOJr)9ti 0& tva OUOTJli.JO <p6prwonc;-~.a:ra<popac; e:~aprara1 Kar'apxriv an6 roue; Kinw9t napciyovrec;: 1

2 TIW ytw,\oyrkri Bo~ri TOU KOITOO~OTO<; rrw ronoypa<pia Kal nc; K>.r~aro.l.oyrKtc; ouv9riktc; Tfl<; nepro)(li<; TIC; anamiotj<; Tf"l<; napaywyric; Tf"lV OIOpK 10 TOU tpyou TO KOOTO<; KTriOf"l<; KOI.l.tiTOUpyiac; TOU &~On>.IOIJOU nc; anarrr;ocrc; yta anokaraoraoll rou neprf3c:i..\aovroc; Tl<; q>uoike<; KOI ~f"lxcvike<; IOIOTf"lT <; TWV n&tpw~crrwv ra orarretij&va npoc; entvouon Ktq>a>.ara rrc; e:rorktc; anarrr;oetc; rnc; tk~&ra».euon<; Eivat npocpavtc; OTI ll tukoaio ~ Tf"lV onoia ~CTO<ptp&TCI tva UAIKO EiVOI OUVOplflOf"l TWV IOIOTriTWV TOU U>.iKOU KOI TOU runou TOU ~ETOq>OpiKOU IJtOOU. IT11V TtW<; EIU. yivetoi XPriOfl TOU "6&iKTf"l IKOVOTflTO<; M&Taq>opac;" (nt), 0 onoio<; OiVCTOI an6 TflV o)(tort (Rzhevsky, 1985):!It = 0.6y + 5d.A + 20w. k.b.c ( 1) 6nou: v d A w k 8 c f3apoc; ~ovaooc; 6yKOU ~ETCtp p61j&vou n&tpwijato<;, tjm 3 ~EOfl OIC~trpoc; TE~OXiWV, m = OS os otat~f"ltikri avroxri rou n&tpwijato<;, Kgjcm 2 noooor6 uypaaiac; rou nerpw~aroc;, % m;pt&xoij&vo rou nerpw~aroc; o& apyraika-ko>.>.won u>.jka, % t = 1 + log(t 1) xpovoc; ~eraq~opac;, h = 1 -o.o2s e e eep~okpaaia neptf3a».ovroc;, OC (1J6vo yra 98p1JoKpaoiec; Kerrw rou pnoevoc;) M& f3cof"' TOV 6&iKT11 IKOVOTf"lTO~ KOTf"lVOPiEc;: Mtraq>opac; TO n&tpwj.jato KaTaTCOOOVTCI one; KOTW91 KaTf"lVOPia EuKo.l.ia Meraq~opac; II Ill IV v no.l.u &UKO.l.a EuKo>.cJ Evora~ : tor'j 6UOKOAO no>.u ouako,\a KCTOOTOOf1 <=

3 LUIJ<pWVO IJ TrlV OVWTtpW KOTOTO~Il TO )('WIJOTOUpyiKO OUTOKiVr}TO e:ivoi KOTOMr}AO YIO Tr}V IJETO<popa ne:tpwijotwv nou EXOUV nt < = 8, EVW 01 TOIVIO~poiJOI e:ivoi KCTOAArtAOI yta UAJKO IJ nt < = 4-5 KOI r'l OIOI1pOopOIJIKri IJETO<popa EV~&iKVUTCI '{10 ntt~ijoto IJ& nt < = 10.. Mr'lxavtu.aara cpoprwonc; Eva l..lf'lxovrlija cp6prwonc; y1a va e:iva1 ano~onk6 nptne:1 va napouo1a~e:r u~pnm napaywyrkoti1to, O~IOniOTia, X01Jr)>.6 KOOTO<; >.E:ITOupyiac;, n V&WJ..IE:Tpia KOI n OUVOj.JIKOTflTO rou va e:ivar npooapijooijevf'l npoc; e:keivn rou j.j&oou J..IETa<popac;, Kar Tt>.oc; va rkavonore:i Tl<; f:ioike<; anaitriotl<; Tl1<; Kj.J TOMEUOI1<;. Y~pf1Ni napaywy1k6tf1tc e:mruyxavr:ra1 orav ro IJFlXOvf'liJO txer IJIKpouc; XP6vouc; nai;p<..~ofl<;, m:pupopac; KOI tkkevwofl<; TOU KOOOU, OTCV 0 X 1pi01JO<; TOU tivci ana6c; KOI Ov&TO<; yra TOV XEipiOTri TOU, KOI OTOV 11 AEITOUpyia TOU oe:v e:nnpe:o~e:tal 0~ IJEYOAO 609J..IO an6 TO OOn 00 nopt:iac; TOU. l:t OTI acpopa TOV XPOVO nt.r;pwonc; TOU KO~OU, OUT6<; tivoi OUVOPTf'lOFl Tr)<; oraetoii..jfl<; an6 ro IJf'lXOvf'liJO ot:jvai..jnc; y1a o1e:ioouon rou Kaoou oro IJETwno fl orov owpo TOU nttpwj.joto<;, KOSW<; KOI Tr)<; avtiotoixfl<; OUIIOIJI'l<; 9pOUOFl<; nou avantuooe:i 0 KOOO<;. To KOOTO<; A&ITOUpyia<; npokunt 1 an6 Tr)V JUv9 0r) TOU KOOTOU<; Kt<paAOiOU, epyatjkwv, e:vtpye:io<;, OUVTr)pr}Of'l<;, KOI TOU KOOTOU<; XPFlOij.JOnOillOil<; 60I19f1TIKOU ~OnAJOj.JOU e:pyaoiec; nou txouv OIJEOr'l oxton IJ& ro tpvo rnc; cp6ptwonc;. 6nwc; eivat n epauo11 unep IJEYtSWv OYKWV, r) OIOIJOp<pWOfl KOI 0 K090p10p6<; TOU 'OOnEOoU nopeia<; KOI 11 IJE:TO<pOpO UAJKWV OTOV ~po <p6ptwoi1<; y1a TllV 8 EATiWOf'l Til<; np6ocpuoi1<; TOU ~aneoou (n.x. OIJIJOXCIAJKo, lntoijevfl rtcppa). '{10 :Lnc; e:rorkt<; anartr)oe:rc; Til<; tkije:ramwonc; e: i 1101 ouvarov va m:p r>.aijaavovraii..je:ta~u aa>.wv, J11KCVOTJ1TO TOU ~OOAlOIJOU yra KA KTIKr) Q!,1tJArllpl'l, 11 E:UKIVf'lOiO TOU y1a VO IJ&TOKIVE:iTal KOI va ~unnpe:tti ota<pope:nkt<; etoe:1c; cp6ptwor1c;, Katn e>.tvx61jtvi1 tkktvwon rou Kaoou ornv ne:pintwoi1 nou <poptwvovtoi netpwijotc IJ TF..:IJO)(IO IJEVO>.oU IJEYe90uc;. :Lnc; OUYXPOVE:<; EKIJE:TaA>.e:uoe:rc; o e: ~on>.1op6 r; cp6ptwoi1<; nou XPI1011JOnottiTOI 0 OUVOUOOJ..IO IJE: TO )('WIJOTOUpytKO OUTOKiVr)Ta OIOKp ; VE:Ta ~. KUpiw<; OTOU<; ~flc; tp&i<; TUnOU<;: HX&KTptK6 muo IJ& OUPIJOTO'JXO!' IO (electric cable shovel) YopauAIK6 muo (hydraulic s h o,,.~ l) E>.aortKo<p6poc; apepwr6c; c~-;_, prwr ftc; (front-end loader) To 11AtKTptK6 muo &ivai ~'.;;va o:nooe:oe:ty!jevo O~IOniOTO J..lllXOvf'lJ..IO j.je: XOIJilAO KOOTO<; Xe:JToupyiac; KOI ouvrr'}r~i10f1<;, 1J8YCAI1 orapk 10 &nix 1Pf10IOKr)<; ~Wfl<; (20 30 ETI1) KOI 3

4 KOTOOKEUO~ETOI l-je KOOOUc; TWV onoiwv I") XWPflTIKOTilTO q>90v 1 TO 50m f.6you<; nou Oq>Eii.OVTOI OTI")V oxeoiaol") TOU Spaxiova, 0 KOOO<; KOTO TflV EKOKa<pri Olaypa<p 1 TPOXIO nou Ol-JOIO~ EI l-je TO n:rapti")ljopio EAAEilpl")<; nou Eq>C:lrrrETal OTO oaneoo nopeia<; KOI EX 1 KaTOK6pU<pO TOV l-jeyoao O~OVO. Tol.JTO Ol")l-JOiV 1 OTI, EllEIOri f) EKOKO<pri npayljotonoieitoi OX 66v Ka9'6>.o ro l-jriko<; Til<; rpox1a<;, Bev EiVOI owarri aq>'ev6c; ~BV 11 BKAEKTIKri an6f.i14jll TOU m:tpwljoto<;, a<p'ertpou OE I") EKOKO<pfl OE Enin 00 XOlJflAOTEpO an6 EKBiVO TOU oaneoou nopeia<;. Ira ljeiovektriljara rou l-lll XOVri~mroc; Sa nptm:t va avaq>ep8ouv 11 aouvaljia rou va KIVEiTOI 0 KAi0 1<; ljeyoautepe<; an6 1 :20, EVW >..6yLJ TOU ~11X<JVJO~OU EKKEVLJOI")<; TOU KOOOU, oev eiva1 ouvarri 11 >.. YXOIJEVI1 an6pp14jll rou nepiexoijtvou rou Kaoou oto IJEOO ljeta<popac;. To uopau>..1k6 nruo napoua~ao81")ke one; apxtc; rrtc; 5 Ka Tiac; Tou '70 we; o1aooxoc; rou I")AEKTpiKOU ntuou, TO onoio KOI n :iv 1 VQ OVTIKOTOOTri0 1 >..6yw TWV OI")IJOVTIKWV n>..eovekti")ljarwv r10u napouo1a~e1 tvavn aurou, KOTaoKeua<;eral Be lje XLJPI1TIK6TI")Ta Kaoou nou <p8ave1 ra 35 m 3. EX 1 TI")V ouvar6ti")ta va e~opuooe1 m: Utpl")>..6repo Kal XOlJI")AOTepo enim:oo an6 EKEiVO TOU oaneoou nopeia<;, EVW lje Tr)V qa>.ayri TOU"KOOOU ljetotpenetoi OE TOano OU~OVOVTO<; nep01rtpw TO f3a9oc; BKOKO<pri<;. AVOnTUOOEI ~Eya>.. <; OUVOIJEI<; EKOKO<pric; KOI tx 1 TI")V ouvar6ti")to va e~opuooe1 nerpw~ara nou o1a<ptpouv OfliJOVTIKa we; np6<; Tl<; IOIOTI")TE<; roue;. 01 UOpOUAIKOi l-lllxovioijoi TOU f3paxiova TOU KOOOU En!Tptnouv TflV EKOKO<pri AEnTWV EVOTpWOELJVnETpWIJOTWV, yeyov6<; nou TO K0910TO KOTClA>.fl,\O y1a EKAEKTIKri an6,\l")lpfl. LI11JOVTIK6 enionc; n>..eovtkti")ijo Eiva1 ro y yov6c; 6n o X 1plmric; txe1 rnv ouvar6ri")ta va e>..tyxe1 rov pu81j6 &KKtvwol")<; rou Kaoou, KOTI To onoio eiv01 101airepa OI")IJOVTIK6 6rav <poptwvovtoi oykwoi") TEIJOXIO netpwijoto<; OE XWIJOTOUpyiKQ OUTOKiVflTO. LTOV nivoko 1 napouoio~ovtoi OpiOIJEVO XOPOKTr)piOTIKQ IJ YE8r) EVO<; uopau>..ikou Kal EVO<; r)>..ektpikou muou IJE Kaoouc; io11c; XWPI1TIK6Tr)rac;. An6 Tr)V ouykplori roue; npokunrel 6n To uopau>..ik6 nruo EX 1 oxeo6v OlnAOOIO TOxLJTr)TO nopeiac; KOI TO IJIOO aapoc; AEITOupyiac; an6 8K8iVO TOU I")A8KTp1KOU ntuou. ninakai 1 IuyKpiOI") H>..EKTpiKOU KOI Yopauf.IKOU nruou HAEKTPIKO ntyo YllPAYAIKO ntyo I LXYL ('r<w) nielh Enl EllA410YL (N j cm 2 ) TAXYTHTA nopeia:l (Km/ h} XOPHTIKOTHTA KALlOY (m 3 ) BAPOL AEITOYPriAL (t)

5 s ~ljonq0!31q ~ljrtdaqq ~~>IIQI3 ID>I noqq>t )oj.i.jj.q>mljdmx ortrtodaqiv ~ ofil;jxi W"nn 'AOVY>I Y.1Hl0>111HdCX ~ ~ s~ o~ s o ~ 0 09 OCH // f- OS~ ()(2 em 00& WWh-l':rH~Av:mtv HriVNAV H)fJVJ3 Last OJ.!a{Jdaun DA!adour1 AaQ ~ljj. l;jr11j. ljj.oia~rf lj Q'(YD 'nojdln3'(3j. noj. D!dJ.3r1M3A AlJJ. QUO 10)1 DAO!XDd{J no.liodqai'((l>l!o>ii'(nocfgn 10 AnOOO(lJ.llOAO nou l.jrtoa(lq AlJJ. QUO IDJ.3~!dOIQOOdU noqw Q0>41'(nodgn noj. ljomw!dau Al.JJ.O oumj.~rl 010 noqq>f no1 SLJonQ0!31Q LlrtDAQQ H (noj. SL;Jrt>fo SlJJ. Sno>tl;Jr1 DQQAOr1Qi\O noqq>f noj. SuonQOJ3tQ ljrfoaqq l.ja~r1aijad) SIJonQ0!31Q )1Jr1DA(IQ -)l;j>t1q13 IO>f OOQQ>f )OJ.IJ.LQ>fiJ.IJdMX orlrtodaqtq OJ. IOJ.3~QIOOOdou ~ or1l:jxi Oli 'l;jj.mj.dodl OdQd>O>!I10D'(3 AO.L 3r1 nojd.ln3'(3.l no.ll.jotd>taqo lj ra~q1onodcu Aod~d>DIQJ\3 'AM.Ll;JAt>fOJ.no At:J>ItAdnomrfMX Sl.JoMJ.dQd> Sa,ocAda Srw OQW Q>tl'(nodgn 01 QUO QO>tldJ.>t3'(ll no1 Sl.JooJ.OQJ.O>fiJ.AO 1Jot;>1 ALl.L lja~rtogag 3V'J '!OXod.L to Ano~QJ.UOAD OJ\ AQodourt nou SlJ~;l SlJrfOAQQ SL;Jd>ftrf )l.j.l MAQ'( UA~rfotdOtdau 10/\!a '"MJ.QrtMd.L3U At;l>IO'(Drf ID>f OrfQ>fO ')l;jd>o>io>fa OJ.UJ.Q.LOJ\nQ lj C,Aa '~3\'Q ~?>fij.>fljd>t3 art ~lj~ndq~ OltiQ.I.OdUIOA!3 nou /\MJ.QrfMd.L3U ljom.ldqdl AI.Jl DIA )MJdn>l Soyl..r'(YQ.LD>f IDA!3 Sl;JJ.MJ.dod> ~dqdlo>tij.ody3 o no1 So!AdnoJ.I3'( SoJ.OQ>f 01 Q>fiJ.AOr1Lio 131\Q~no nou SoltloAQdou So~ IOJ\!3 "">ftj.00'(3 AM.L noyyq~a t;>doed> H 'At:~XodJ. AMJ. SLJond>o<;>du SIJA~r1Mtar1 MAQV. ogauqq Q>toyortao l;jj.m.ldod> no1 D!AdnoJ.I3'( AlHIJJ.OAQQO QJ.OISD>f 'no.l OQQ>f AO.LtaOc,tt3>f>fa DJ\ ID>f ta.or,dl.lyu OA DIA )~3An0 101!3/\1>1 llq )Q/\OA3A 0 l )IJOMJ.dQd> odt:~x hold nog~uog noj. Qor1otdoeo>4 1o>1 SlJoMd>d<;>r1otQ orfi.jaqxl.jrt SM SMAQdXAno IOJ.!31ouor11oi.JdX OA 1o>1 QYYO OI~Q.LoAda ow oo~rt Sl.JoMldQd> Srao~e S;lyyou r;>>mogouo!3j.adi.junja oa rau~d1111a no1 SD!adou D.LIJJ.QXD.L l.r(j:?a3r1 H w l ~ rdx~rf OOQQ>I OJ.lJ!Q>fi!LidC"lX 10>1 l.l/w)! Sv 01 laar;>sd> nou SOJ3dou DJ.IJJ.r)XOJ. art 'orfljaqxi.jrt OJ.UAJ>In3 Q>IIJ.3dloja OJ\~ IOA!3 Sl,u.MJ.dod> Sod<;>d>O>IIJ.Ooya o

6 ( ) VIVaiJBVO TOU f3apou<; TOU \Jr"lXOVriiJOTO<; Bni TOV OUVTBABOTii Tplf3ri<; TWV BpnUOTpiWV \JB TO oan 00 nopgia<;. LTr)V ne:pinrwon TOU <j>optwtf] n \JEYIOTn OUVO!Jn OIBiOOUOn<; IOOUTOI \l TO YIVaiJBVO TOU f3apou<; TOU \lnxovriijoto<; nou OOKE:iTOI OTOU<; KIVnTriplOU<; TPOXOU<; Bni TOV ouvre:..\e:otri npaa<puonc;. To Olaypa!JIJO TOU LXriiJOTO<; 1 KOTOOKe:UaOTnKe: AOIJf3CVOVTO<; OUVTe:..\e:oTri npao<puon<; 0.5 KOI y1a nc; OUO ne:plntwoei<;. Kara rnv \JEAETn e:nion<; TOU OJaypaiJ\JOTO<; Sa npf:ne:1 va..\nq>se:i una4jn KOI TO ye:yova<; ati TO nf.cto<; TOU KCOOU TOU q>optwtf] e:ivoi KOTC no..\u IJEVOAUTe:po - ana TO n..\ato<; TOU KCOOU uopauf.ikou nruou ion<; xwpntikatnrac;, KOI TOUTO e:ne:iori 0 KCOO<; nptne:1 va Ka>.unre:J ro n>.aroc; rwv e:1jnpao91wv Tpoxwv r ou <poprwtri. To!Je:ya..\o n..\ato<; Kat n ybw!je:rpia rou Kaoou rou <poprwrri txe:t e:nionc; we; ouvtne:1a va napouoic~ei on!jovtikc \Jl KpaTe:pn BIOIKri OUVOIJn epauonc; EVOVTI TOU KCOOU uopau..\ikou nruou ion<; xwpnnkarnta<; (LXriiJa 2}. H xpovjkri 61apKe:ta Tou KuK>.ou <paprwonc; rou uopau>.1kou muou e:iv01 oa<pwc; IJIKparBpn ana e:ke:ivn Tou <poptwrri. LTOV n ivaka 2 napou01a~ovr01 01 IJBOOI xpavo1 rwv 61a<papwv <paoe:wv rou Kl.JK..\ou <p6prwo11<; nou napouoiaoav tvac; <poprwrric; CAT IJB xwpnrjkat!lto Kaoou 5.4 m 3 KOI tva uopau>.1ka nruo O&K RH 40C!Je: Kaoo XWP11TIKarnrac; 5m 3, nou f]rav 350 EI~IKH ~YNAMH 9PAYI:HI:, N/mm T&pauA.n:6 lltuo EA.aot. ~optwtl\~ XCPHTlKOTHTA KA~OY, cu.m LXi11 'a 2. LltaypaJ.JJ.la xwpnnkarnrac; Kaoou Kat e:1o1kri<; ocnaj.ln<; epauo11<;. 6

7 ninakai 2 Xp6vo1 KuK,\ou c;>oprworjc; (sec). qjaieii KYKJ\OY YllPAY/\IKO ntyo RH40C ck)ptothi CAT 9888 n/\hpoih KAAOY nepi4'0pa 6.6. nopeia npoi XA EKKENOIH KAAOY nepiqjopa 6.0. nopeia npoi METOnO. 9.6 IYN0/\ EVKOTE:OTil~tVOI OTO i5to ~E:T<.uno e:v6c;,\qto~e:iou OOfJE:OTOAi80U KOI cp6ptwvov );'W~OTOUpytKC aurokivilto. 0 ~tkp6te:poc; xpovoc; rou KUKAou <p6prwonc; nou napouoiaoe o RH40C ti)(e oav anor A o~a 11 ~ton wptaia an65oon rwv 5uo ~nxavn~arwv va 6ta~opcpwae:i oe 600 t/h yta TOV RH40C KOI oe: 450 tjh yta TOV CAT 9888 (Chrlstoph,1991). Eva a,\ao on~e:io nou a~i~e:t va ava<pe:p8e:i e:ivat ro ye:yov6c; 6Tt o )(Etptatf)c; rou u6pauaikou muou txe:t ~tkp6te:po <p6pro e:pyaoiac; oe: ouykpton ~e: rov o6ny6 Tou <poprwtf), o Te:>.turaioc; npe:ne:t va ~e:raktve:i ro ~llxovrj~a ouve:xwc; ~era~u rou ~e:rwnou Kat Tou auroktvfitou nou <poptwve:toi. Enio11c; 0 XE:IpiOTf)c; TOU u6pouatkou muou ~nopei VO E:AtY)(EI Tr'}V KK VWOI1 TOU K060U Un&pOvW TOU OUTOKIVf)TOU IJE:IWVOVTO<; E:TOI Tl<; KaTanOvfi0 1<; TOU KlfltuTiOU KOI TOU OUOTf)IJOTO<; OVOpTr)Oil<; KOTO TllV <poor) Til<; q>6ptwof'l<;. TE:Aoc; 0 OTI acpopa Tr)V E:KAeKTIKf) an6arj4ji1, an6 TO Ixfi~a 3 Ka8iOTOTOI npocpavec; OTI TO uopau,}jk6 nruo E)(Et rnv 6uvar6TrJTa va 6te:to6uoe:t Tov Ka5o Tou nap(l\arli.a npoc; To 5am:5o nope:iac; TOU, npoktiko 0& 6)..o TO U4JOc; TOU IJE:TWnOU, KOI VO OKOAOU8E:i onota6f)non: TpOXJO e:koka<pf)c; e:meu~e:i, oe: avriee:orj IJE: wv <poprwrf) rou onoiou o Ka6oc; nptne:t va 5re:roou&t OTO IJE:rwno oro u4joc; rou oantoou nope:iac;. 7

8 A L (. LXri~a 3. TpOXIC KCOOU KOTC TrlV cp6ptwoj1, (a) uopau>.tkou muou, (6) cpoprwrri. Xc.lJJaTOUPVIKO OUTOKiVJ1TO H tnt>.oyf) TOU TUnOU TWV XW~OTOUpytKWV OUTOKIVf)TWV (XA} OXE:Ti~tTOI KOT'apxf)v C~ 00 ~ TOV Tp6no tkk&vwonc; TOU cpopriou roue;. J:nc; ouvxpovec; unai9pttc; tk~era>j.e:uottc; EX 1 emkparriotl 11 XPilOt~onoinoll XA omoeiac; tkk&vwonc; ~e KtSWr1o runou V ri enineoo, r6oo y1a Tr)V ~~Tacpopa ay6vwv 000 KCI ~&TCMeu~aroc;, ~ IJEYIOTr) OUVO~IKOTflTO 315 t (350 T). Oor6oo, oe: unai9pta avepakwpuxe:ia Kat anok>.etortka y1a rnv ~eracpopa C:tvepaKa, XPf'lOIIJOnotouvrat XA ~e ~nxavto~6 KK&vwonc; an6 rov nu91j&va. EtOIKOT&pa, KOTO TllV tm>.oyr') TOU TUnou KOI TOU 1J&y&9ouc; TWV XA 9a nptntl VO ).ncp90uv un6~pn 01 KOTw9t napoij&t.poi: I I :-To

9 H ~UOf') TOU np6<; ~era~opa nerpw~aro<; ij.lty&eo<; TE~CXiWV, uypaoia, Sapo<; ~ovaboc; 6yKou, ouvn::>.eonic; emnmo~aroc;, cpeoponot&<; tbt6rmec;, napouoia uaikwv ~ Ko>J.WB&I<; rbr6tf')te<;) 0 TUnC<;, f') Buva~IKOTf')TC KOI TO xapaktf')piotiko TOU IJflXOVriiJOTO<; <p6ptwoi1<; (U4JO<; KCI rp6no<; EKKEVWOf')<; TOU KaBou) Ta xapakti')plotiko TWV OOOV ~ETacpopac; (anootoo&i<;, K.>JO&I<;, aktive:c; Kaj.JnUAOTf')TO<;, nor6tf')ta obootpwijctoc;) Ta xapaktilpiotiko TOU )(Wpou <p6ptwof')<; (n.x. ne:propioijtvo<; xwpo<; AIYIJWV iowc; obnyrioe:r ornv e:nr>.oyri apepwrou XA) Ta xapaktilpiotiko TOU xwpou an69&0j1<; &KKtvwonc; (tkktvwof'l 0& npavtc; an68&0j1<;, oe: owpouc;, oe xoav11 onaorripa ri BtaoKopnro1J6c; Tau uaikou OTO BC:meBo TJlc; an69e:onc;) H anattouij&vj1 IJ&Ta<poptKri IKOVOTJ1TC TOU XA Ta xapaktjlpiotiko IJ&y 811 TOU KIVJ1Tripa Kar 0 Tp6noc; IJ&T0500J1<; TJl<; KiVIlOJl<; OTOU<; Tpoxouc; (IJJ1XOVIK6 OUOTrliJa ri VTJ1~EAO J1.\EKTptK6) To OUOTf'IIJa avaptj10j1<; KOI ntbiojl<;, f'l axtbiaof'l TOU Kl6wTiOU Kal 0 runoc; TWV &f.aotikwv EtBIKO OUOTriiJara (n.x. aur61jatj1<; >JnOVOJ1<;, BtayvWOJ1<; S>.aawv, EAtYXOU TOU O<pEAliJOU <poptiou, OUOTI')IJrJ VTOniO~OU &IJnOOiWV, autoijatioijoi)!uvtriprlof'l (anaitj10j1 CIBIKWV 1JJ1XOVJ1~0TWV &pya>.&iwv KOI &IBIK&U~tvou npoownrkou, e:napke:ta avramaknkwv, unoarf)p1~11 KOTOOK&uaarri ri avrmpoownou) OIKOVOIJIKO OTOIX&ia (KOCJTO<; KTriOJl<;, A&ITOUpyiac; Kal avra>.aaktikwv) Sa nptne:1 va Or'l!J&tw9ei on n er: t>.oyr; rwv XJ\ Be:v!Jnope:i va yivet av~aptnra an6 e:ke:ivj1 rwv IJF1XOVF11JOTWV <fioptwor)<; IBtaiTf;pa 0 6TI atpopa TO y&wij&tpikc IJ&V0011 KOI Tr)V z:iuvoijikotr)to TWV IJJ1XOVJ11JCITWV. 0 KOBoc; TO U <poptwtikou. ~.ljlxovriijoto<; 80 nptne:r VO C;(tl TI')V OUVOTOTJ1Ta va &KKEVWV&I OTO KEVTpO TOU l<lf3wri :)U TOU ){A, &VW 90 nptnel TO m:pi&xoij&vo 3 5 KOOOV Va Y 1Ji~e:r TO XA. Tt>.oc; 15rair&pJ1 npotjoxri Sa nptnej va ooeti oro uq~oc; tkkevwoilc; TOU Ka5ou. H ntwof'iij&vcawv T&IJOXiWV nr;rpw!,jotwv anc) U4JO<; OTO Klf3WTIO TWV XA npokoati Or)IJOVTIKt<; Karanovi)a&ll~ OTf'IV avaprna f1 rou XA Kar nrpoka>.ti napa!jop<pwoe:rc; oro Ktawrto. 9

10 Ol noi)1u n01 AMQQ>I Ac,td1 OA3r1QX31d3U 01 3rl IDJ.f)Odl!yu 'VX 01 11Q Q1>13Q ID13A!A 10>1 %00 ~ no(ull no1 noqq>i n01 ~ljomdl!(u Q10000U 'DQQAO r1 AIU 3r1 )OO! f)orioi'(uo~ no1 )o11j1qr1toaeoiq )l,jl.03'(31ano l.jrt'iqun td.l3aqejr1oy. )Qo.tno SQorlo1Aoyoun )no.t~ ~Qdod)o.Larl noy>l(l>l no1 hm3oqd) AMdQd>DIQ hm1 ~nohqdx ~noo~r1 Sno1o 1Dl3;2!DDS DJOUO lj 'vx f)or1erdo nomr1q011dud noj. f)orio1aoyoun )ogoe~r1 l,j>~uogr1no lj I013~'QIOnodou D>IDA!U AO!l ''VX AM! )QdOd>D13r1 10>1 )ljomj.dqd> no'(>i(l~ no.l AM30Qd> AMdQd>DIQ AI'H. )noaqdx )no! QUO D03r1Q IO!QJ.dD~ 10>1 ')ljom1dqd> )o.lor1l,ji\oxl.lrf no1 l.jooqquo l.hdia~r1 1\\.J! QUO l.jd31(l'(oa3r1 IOA!3 01\!3dour1 A3Q Somrlt,Jwno Md~.LMI\0 noj.l.jooqquo l}.loanq lj.loia~rllj ll.q )~1\Dd>odu IOA!3 Sowr1l}wno no!ijooqqud lj!39uiouo!dia3r1 01\ 3.10C, 101~ )IJOMldQd> Dr1L1AQXl.Jr1 010 f393ldiq Of\ 13U~du nou vx oorte1do noa3r1f)oliouo no.1. SQr1ordolgoodu o 13~Qionodou AOd~d>OIQfl3 od31!diqt vx 10>1 )~1M1dod>/oow 3r1 )Qdod>013r1 - Sl.JoMJ.dQd> Somrtt,J1ono no1 Qrloorg3Xo Q>IOiol.Jdr3Xtu3 AOll. oad~ OlD 10>1 Q>IIUMOOdU '(Qd>Oo l,jyl.jrtln t3x~dou 01\ 10>1 AC,SDYEJ o~o.l3r1 or11j10qiq Q>III\OdX o'(l?a3r1 3r1 'S0101UQI~o toaj3 OA 1au~du SQrio1yuo~a o '(IOrlOI'(UO)s no.1. l,jn3>ioiu3 IO>I l.jol.jdl,.i!ano t1l.j1 ou<;>d1 od3.lq'(ll'('(dld>i AO! QlD>I!313dlJ un~a 10>1 'oad~ OA3r1QAodou OlD )130C,J.UIU3 )JdMX )OJOOAd3 )130~9 ~3dOd>QIQ 30 I)OrlOI'(U0~3 1\MQQAOrt AMJ. I:JAo'('(DA3 D!DEJIOr1D 1\l.ll. 13U?d!IU3 D!d>dor10IOr10 H ' I)Or10I'(U0~3 1\MU(ll J\C,>II.L3dOcbOIQ )Qr19tdO ~Q.LDAnQ )od3.lqd>llr !310UOriiOI.JdX OJ\ 13U?dU 09 ''VX AM1 )l.jol.jdl,jlano 10>1 )O!AdnOll3'( )O!OQ>I OlD 10>1 )QdOd>OJ.3r1 01\QdX 1\010 )130C,lli1U3 )~>11139 ~303r1Q 3r1 l,jyl.jrlox IO.LJ3dl.JlOIQ 01\ )l.joji(f)>iuod.lo!ll\0 lj 3!DC, 10.1~ ID.1!3dlJ.LMO 01\ 13U~du DrlMd.t.OQQO 01 )IJOn3'('(Q.t.3r1>13 ~IJ.t. OJ3dOU 1\l.U QJ.D>I )noj. l;fn3>100.10>101\d IJA?r10idOid3U IO.l.J3110UD OA 3.l.OC, 101? ~3r11AQr1 ~noj. QJ.Dr1{,lr1.t. 003.t.I)YOA3r1 01 QlO>l 'IOA!3 Of\ 13U?dU ~QdOd>O.l3rl!OQO IQ (~66 ~ 'AqUBH} ~ljooejqj.3r1 01\QdX 1\0J. Q>lll.I\Drll.Jo 131\Q~no A3Q l,j1no l,jr111 1\Ul QUO M!Q>ILJ MAQU Ac,d10r1AMA!'(O l!(oejd13r1 Q'('(D I as'l AMJ.UI\!3> AQSr1oy OA 13U?dU 09 ~r:;>dod>o1ar1 Ac,go 1\Ml l.lor<>~ uwuy~g )CJ vx ouo1 o"~rtaa'(lua 01 01A SaA~r1AI3Q3QI\3 1\0~U 10 IUI\!3 nou ~130!'(>1 )O!Ac,cflJ.LDIQ 'AC,>IJI(n 1\MAQAD QdOd>OJ.3r1AIJ! /\1)0!3dlJun)3 nou IOAJ3>13 )M!QI ' )o>~ljrl Q.LDAnQ od3j.qd>llr1 01 AnoX~ DA 13U?du St;>dod>o.tar1 JOQO to :)3J.AOAQdou 19MJ.Q>I 10 I.Jthc;>un A(loed>t.Jy OA 13U?dU 09 )QdOd>DJ.3r1-)lJOMldQd> )O.LOr1l,aono no.l Qr10DIQ3XO Q>IOIOI.Jdr3XIU3 AO.L QJ.O}{ IOlVWHliAI AOl. I OWIVIV3XI IO:>IVIIHd13XIU3

11 ninakai 3 Yno>.oylo1J6c; anajtouj,jtvou apisijou XA -Y6pauAIK6 nruo RH 120 IJt XWPilTIK6rr1ra Ka6ou (~) XWJ,JOTOUPVIKO AUTOKiVIlTO CAT 777 O(j)SAIIJOU (j)optiou -Bapoc; JJOV06oc; 6yKOU XOAapou m:tpwijoto<; (,) -Xpovo1 KuK>.ou IJtracpopac; q,qptwon {y) MeTaaaon EKKSVWOrj EmOTPO<!lri EAIVIJOi IUVOAIK6c; xpovoc; KUKAOU IJETO(j)Opac; (s) MtTO(j)tpOIJE:VO (j)optio avo XA (a * p * 3] (() -MtyiOTil an66oon nruou [ ~ * 60 1 y] (lj METOcpOpiKri IKOVOTilTO avo XA [ ( * 60 I 6] (11) -AnatTOUJ,Jtvoc; SewpnnK6c; ap1s~j6c; XA [~ I 11] 23m t 1.8 tlm min 2.30 min 0.86 min 2.00 min 0.33 min 6.71 min t tlh tlh 5.5 Im.JeJwverat 6n uno nc; napa6oxtc; rwv uno>.oylo~jt,;>v Tou nivaka 3, o ap1sjj6c; rwv anoitouijsvwv XA (n) E~OpTOTOIIJOVOV an6 TOU<; XP<)vouc; TWV <poo&wv TOU KUKAOU IJETacpopac; Kal npokunrej an6 rnv oxton: n = (2) 6nou: tt tl OUVOAIKO<; XPOVO<; KUKAOU IJETO(j)OpQ<;, min xpovoc; (j)6prwonc;, min Onwc; tivoi npocpavtc; 0 ap1s~j6c; TWV XA nptnet VO tivoi OKtpatoc;, KOI ataa10 TO EpWTr'JIJO eav Sa nptne1 va yivet orpoyyu>.aeuon rou npayj,jotikou StwpnrtKou aplsijou XA npoc; Tov OIJtOW<; IJEVOAUH:po ri IJIKpOTE:po OKSpOIO 6tV &ivoi Ka66AOU OK06111JO'IK6, &Cv.V,cpSci UnOlprj TO U4JilAO KOOTO<; KTrionc; ev6c; ouvxpovou XA. Eav &TliAty&i 0 IJ&V~UTtpoc; aktpa1oc; OrjiJOiV&I OTI TO nruo Sa tivoi ouvexwc; anaoxo.v,j,jtvo, tvw avrtstrwc; eav ema&yti 0 IJ1Kp6T&poc; OKtpatoc; TO XA Sa tivoi OUVt);Wc; "tv KIVriOtl" npok&ijjevou VO KOAUmOUV Tl<; 6UVOTOTI1Ttc; TOU muou. Eva ytvikc ano6tkt6 KpiTr')piO VIO TrjV 6t&ptUVrjOrj TOU OVWTtpw npoa>.fijjoto<; tivoi tke:ivo TOU E:AOXIOTOU KOOTOU<; avo t IJ&TO(j)tpOIJ&VOU nttpwijoto<;. To KOOTO<; KTrionc; KOI AtiTOUpyiac; TOU ~onaioj,jou IJ&Tacpopac; 6ivera1 an6 rov Tuno: (C) nou ouykpon:i TO OUOTrjiJO 11

12 (3) onou: C sh KOOTO<; KT~OI'}<; KOI AE:ITOUpyiac; TOU muou avo WpO n ap t 9~6c; XA (aktpatoc;) Ctr KOOToc; KT~OI'}<; KOI >.e:ttoupyiac; TOU XA avo Wpa H an6600i'} TOU OUOTiiiJOTO<; IJE:TC4JOpac; (Q) 6iVE:TCI an6 TIC; Ox 0 1<;: Q = s e&v t < n (4) 0 = s. n t e&v t ~ n (5) 6nou: S t ~ty t orn ano6oon rou muou, tjh 9e:Wpi'}TIKO<; 0p18~6c; XA (npay~atiko<; apt9~6c;) To K6oroc; avo t IJCT04Je:p61Je:vou m:rpw~aroc; e:ivat: p = c Q (6) KOI CVTIK09IOTWVTO<; m; ~IOW0 1<; (3), (4) KOI (5) OTrW ~iowof1 (6) AO~f30vOU~e: Tl<; OxE0 1<;: p = Csh + n. Cer s e&v t < n (7) p = ( Csh + n. Cer). t s.n e&v t ~ n (8) EOV R tivoi 0 >.oyoc; TOU KOOTOU<; KTf)Of1<; KOI AtiTOUpyiac; avo WpO TOU ntuo npoc; TO OVTiOTOIXO K6oroc; TOU XA (R = c sh I Ct) 01 t~iowotl<; {7) KOI (8) yivovtoi avriorotxa: = R + n e&v t < n (9) = (R+ n).t n e&v t ~ n (10) npoktl~tvou VO IKCVOnOII'}9e:i TO KpiTf)piO TOU taclxiotou KOOTOU<; ave] t ~ T04Jtp6~CVOU UAIKOU nptm:t 11 Tl~ti TOU ile:ikt11 Koorouc; {P.S/Ct) va yive:t AOXIOTI1. ITO IXJi~a 4 napouoicl~ovtoi 01 KO~nu>.e:c; nou KOTOOKf. lcl0tf1kcv Jjt f300j1 Tl<:; ~IOWO&l<; (9) KOI (10} YIO 12

13 20 ~EtKTHl: KOl:TOYl: (P.S I Ctr) R n - 1 n - 2 n - 3 n - 4 n - 5 i 6 ~ ~----~~~~~- 4 ~------~~--~ 2 A ECPHTIK0Il APteMOil XA 5 6 LXri ~a 4. Ka~nUAil CACXJOTOU K6oTou<;. OIC<pope:<; Tl~tc; TOU n, Kat AO~S avovra<; R = 2. H TE9Aao~tvn ne:pti3caaouoo {AB) OiV 1 TOV apt9~a TWV XA nou nptne:1 Va E:ntAe:yei npok 1~8VOU VO IKCVOnOIEiTOI TO KptTr')plO 8ACXJ<1TOU KOOTOU<; {n.x. nptnet Va nta YOUV 3 XA e:av 0 9EWPI1T1Ka<; apt9~6c; TWV XA nou npotku4j an6 TOU<; UnOAOYIO~OU<; SpiOKE:TOI ~ETa~u TWV Tl~WV 2.5 KOt 3.6 KOI TO R = 2). LTrlV ye:vikeu~tvn TOU<; ~Op<pr') TO CVW KOI KCTW 6pta E<pap~oyr')<; TOU J<PITflpioU {t 1 Kat t 2 avtiotoixo) OiVOVTOI ana TJ<; oxtoe:t<;: t = 1 (n-1) (R+n) ( R + n -1) {11) n.(r+n+l) ( R + n) {12) nou on~aive:t on yta Be:Bo~tvo A6yo K6orou<; R, ea nptm:t va e:maeyouv n XA e:av o ee:wpnrtka<; apt91j6<; rwv XA nou npotku4je an6 roue; unoaoytoj.jjl.j<; SpioKe:Tat IJETO~u rwv TI~WV t 1 KOt t 2. ) Oc; napaoe:ty~a. ~e: Saan roue; unoaoyta~ou<; rou nivaka 3, Kat oe:xo~e:vot 6Tt To K6oroc; KTrion<; Kat A troupyia<; rou ~e:v RH 120 e:ivat Bpxfh rou Be: CAT 777 e:ivat Opxfh (r')toi R = 1.75), ana Tl~ ~ 10WOE:I<; (11) KOI (12) npokuffi 1 ati yta n = 5, t 1 = 4.69 KOt 13

14 t 2 = 5.74, ~VW yra n = 6, t 1 = 5.75 Kal t 2 = Eno~EVW<;, npokci~evou TO KOOTO<; avo t ~cra<p~p6~~vou ut.rkou va e:ivar e:>.axroro Sa nptne:r va e:nrae:youv 5 XA, e:ne:rbti 11 9twpf1T1Kf) Tl~ti TWV 5.5 XA nou uno>.oyiotf1kc f3pioke:tal IJE:Ta(u TWV opiwv t 1 Kal t 2 yra n = 5. An6 ava>.uoerc; Tou K6oTouc; Kar r 11c; e:niooonc; IJE:ya>.ou apr9j.jou ouotf11jotwv cp6prwollc; IJE:Tacpopac; IJE: UOpaUAIKC ntua KOI XWIJOTOUpytKO OUTOKiVf1TO npoekuqie: OTI 11 TIIJf) TOU.\6you K6oTouc; A KUIJaive:rar IJE:TO~u rwv opiwv 1 < R < 3. ruarriljota nou napouora~ouv A e:kt6c; aunjv Twv opiwv Sa nptm:r va ore:pe:uvwvrar IJE npoooxri yra nreavf) KaKf) npooapljoyf) TWV Tunwv TOU e:(on>.roijou Kal yra une:pf30aiko KOOTo<; A.e:rToupyia<; (Hanby, 1991). Kara TOV uno>.oyioijo TOU anaitouije:vou apr8~0u XA OTOV nivaka 3, XPil01j..JOnorf)9f1KOV Of ~to or xpovor rwv Bra<p6pwv <pam:wv Tou KuK>.ou IJE:Ta<popac;, or onoior Kar 8 Wpf)9nKav OT09F.:poi Ka8' OAI''}V TI")V OICpK 10 Til<; AE:ITOUpyia<; TOU OUOTr'}IJOTO<;. 00TOOO, OTilV npay1jarrk6rnra or XP6vor auroi oe:v e:ivar orase:poi a>.>.a KUIJaivovrar IJ&Ta~u 1Jtoc; IJEyrornc; KOI IJIC<; E:ACXIOTr')<; TIIJri<; akoaou9wvto<; KCnora OTOTIOTIKri KOTCVOIJr'}. H OIQKUIJOVOr') autri TWV XPOVWV TWV <paoe:wv KaTa Tr')V BrapK&Ia Til<; aaporac; EX 1 ouvr;ewc; W<; anortae:oija TllV Bn!Jroupyia oupwv ava!jovr;c; rwv XA one; etoe:rc; <p6prwonc; Kat E:KKtvwonc; li ve:kp(jv xpovwv ava!jovric; rou IJnxavrilJaroc; <p6ptwor'jc; Myw t>.a.e:r4jn<; XA. npoke:iije:vou va IJE:f.E:Til8ti r'l >.e:rtoupyia rou ouotri~ato<; uno aurtc; nc; ouvsrike:c;, we; ll n>.tov KOTCAAilAil j..jt9000<; 8e:wpeiTal E:K ivil H1<; OTOXOOTIKri<; npoooijoiwof1<; Tf1<; A JTOUpyiac; rou. 0 Panagiotou, 1992 ne:prypa<pe:r TllV npooo~oiwon Til<; Ae:rToupyiac; e:koka<ptwv Kar XA oe: unai9pra opuxe:ia IJE: TllV f3ori8e:ra Tr'lc; y>.wooac; npooo!joiwonc; GPSS/H. H e:rorkri autri y>.wooa npoypoijijatroljou r)f.c KTpovrKwv uno>.oyrotwv eivar KarQ)..}.n>.ll yra rnv npoooj.joiwon ouotr)ijotwv ra anoia anote:>.ouvrar an6 tva ouvo>.o orakprrwv yr.yov6rwv Kar m:pr>.a1j8avouv IJOVOOE:<; E:VOIO<ptpovroc; (n.x. XWIJOTOUpytKO OUTOKiVIlTO) nou KUKAO<pOpOUV IJEOO OTO ouotr)ija Kar ouvaywvi~ovrar 11 1Jia TllV a>jj'} yra va e:(unr)pe:rneouv an6 tvav m:propro!je:vo Op191JO 9tOE:WV E:(Unl"}pETf1011<; (n.x. IJilXaVf)j.JOTa <p6ptwoi1<;, 9 0 1<; E:KKEVWOil<;). LTI''}V napouoa e:pyaoia npoooijoiwve:tal TO OUOTr)IJO nou ne:prypa<pe:tal OTOV nivoko 3 npoke:iijevou va e:nr>.e:ye:i o anartouije:vouc; apr91j6<; XA, XPilOIIJOnorwvrac; ouo Kprrripra e;nr>.oyflc;, (a) TO Kp1Ttipt0 TOU IJEYIOTOU IJE:Ta<pOpiKOU tpyou, titoi Tr)<; IJEYIOTf1<; an6500f1<; TOU ntuou KOI (13) TO Kp1Tf)pt0 TOU E:AOXJOTOU KOOTOU<; avo t IJE:Ta<pE:pOIJE:VOU UAJKOU. An6 TI"}V OTaTIOTIKri avoauoil XPOVOIJE:TptiOE~WV TWV <pooe:wv TOU KUKAOU cp6ptwoi1<; npotku4je: OTI 0 XPOVOU<; <p6ptwof1<; akof.ouse:i Tr)V OTOTIOTIKf\ KOTCVOIJti Erlang TO(E:W<; 2 (2-Erlang) IJE: napoijetpouc; a = 50, a = 43.1 KOI avcijev6'1je:vi1 TIIJf\1.16 min, E:VW 01 XPOVOI TWV un6>.ornwv <pooe:wv TOU KUKAOU akoaou90uv KOVOVIKE<; KOTOVOIJE<; IJE: Tl<; CKOAOUSe:c; napaj.j Tpouc;: 14

15 St AQ3 )<;>.1.>43 ')ljom1dc;>dl Dr1lJAQXl.Jr1 OIQ! 01 QUO Dfl~rilad oj3 D.>iiAdnO.LI3"( 1Dfl!3 )DQr;>rlo )Dtrl 'tfx 01 l,uno OQO~rl AU! 3V\I 'l:jrlodqdiq Ufl~r1td>!3.>!Ano Dlrl D.li\T.)U JO.LAr,9nO"(O>fO JUOMfl~>f>!3 od~ OIQ! A010 c;>.>iryn Ofl3rlc;>d3 ldl3r1 01 3Q 1 3N~1/\3>!>13 1 J01Qdr;>S JU1 013>!dr;>tQ AU! AU"(Q,SD.>i )ljom!dc;>d! Drli.JAQXlJrl O/\~r1rd >I3>1Ano 0/\~ QUO 13fiC~Hdodl VX, DQr;>rlo D!rl 38Q>f 10>4 1 J3Qt;>r10 30 ID.LAOL!dMX Vx t;>dodld13rl/\l,l OtA orlro~soiq 01 :)l,lj fiJ3 IO.LAQOSnO"(O>m nou IOQ09~r1 JI38\,JAnO 10 l,llnd I.JOM1U!d3U fiu!:i ''t/x AM! JI.JOMA~>!>f3 Jl30~8l,l / t0>4 JUOM.l.dQdl Jl30~8 ~;. t;m1 JI.J.l. ~l3d3.l.qootd3u 13flt;>Sr10'(td3U c;>lno AD1Q Ol.38t\QO OIU 101AD10!80>4 Ol.Ufi!>!O.l.nD l;>.>jiadno.l.orlmx 10>1 J~.l.M.!.dOdl l,l or:uu 3r1 )odod>0.!.3rl JUOM.l.dc;>dl JO!Or1l,l.I.OnO no! I}OriODIQ3XO r}o>idio\jdr3xiu3 no! Dr1UYSc;>du 01 )l.j039qud l;o~e O!rl ID>f DXIO.I.O!.LAO VX, 9 10>! g IO.LAQOIOUOr1tol.tdX nou I.JOM.I.UJd3U flu! DIA 0>!0/\!U /\010 3>1U8l,l.!.3"(3r1 nou Jt;>dOd>013rl - JUOM.l.dc;>di Somrll,lwno notq! no.1. SI.JOM!Orlooodu )l.j1 omrlo~y3wuo 01 ro.laolr;>tonodou S Orll:!X:I Ol:I )ljomi\~>!>43 AM30~8 10>4 'rjx Qrl8tdD 3.1.0U l,jq/\oio 10>1 orll.tar;>xl.jr1 Q>fllM.l.dOdl Ofl~ QUO ID1J\(\0'(310UO nou fim!r;>rll.i!ono D!Adn0113'( /\U1 13/\~IOrlooodu OA O.l.lJ.I.Q!DflnQ fiu.l.t3x~ 10>4 soa s~ orlljloqo Q>ltAdnO.l.l3'( 0.1. QUn AI}OAdn0113'( nou v-j81 noul}l J~!OtAoyoun JQ0>41UMoodu ora H/SSd8 ooor;r<a 30 OA~rirlodA ID/\!3 SuoMJOrlooodu or1r1odaqdu 01 omrlot;>d3urlno OA~rlyod!o3 30 A(loAI.JQO JMSl,lAno D!OUO 01 ~som r1l,lwno no1.)l.joaorid~eodu.. od~ lh~du 1\ QlD>f JUOM!Orlooodu Jlll. D1Dr10?(3.LOUO 01 LlrflQun IO.l.J\0/\l;>Srloy fi3q l,llno l,l>iim31 fll.ll 3v-J '(OtQdr;>S D!rl) )3dr, 9 J3'(Yr;> ora )omril,uono nol.l.jom!orlooodu l.j ID13L!X3AnO 1 \:fx 1\Ml. Jl30~8 JIJ.O IO.LAOd~d!OAO nou J3/\!3>f3 QUO JQ.l>l3 1 J UOM!Oriooodu JlJJ. 1\C''ldl?riDdOU A~1lt"(S013r1 1\M.l. )~rft.l.io J3'(9 A('O.l.OI/\3Ql.Jr1 (lod!o DI3X;lMO AI.UO 10>1 1 JQdOd!O.L3rl 0'(>11}>4 /\010 OO~ri O!DXnl /\(108Ur13AD1D>4 0/\ VX r, IO.l.? 'odr, D!rl DIA ID1!310U01Dr1Aodu Q>!tXdo ljom!oriooodu H.o1~u t01!3l.3duun~ )l.joc,ndc;>d! nod~ no1 odu t3ar;>9dl nou 'rjx o1c;>du 01. l.jot;>s 1\l.J.Lo 1 '>1'0'>! UOM.l.dQdl ora U0?8 t3aqsr10'< 'rjx ot3qr;> OA3r1c;>u3 01 I!39Md3Sn3y3 Jl.JOM!dQdl oprii.jo 01 Styc;>ri ~fl3 1 St;>dodlo!3rl no'(>iq>f no1 Jt30t;>dl )u J3'(Q!3enoyo>ID td>i!3/\1>!>!3 I!39M!dodl r:todlo 1 Dt3X;1MO flu!:{ 'UOM.l.dQd> DtA OritO.l.~ noqlu no1 AOJOU"(U 101J31380UO.l. 10>! Qr1At'(3 13fiQ>! 'rjx O.l.~du Ol. Jl.JOM!Orlooodu Jll1 ljjdda~ flu! 3r11D>I noqj.u n01 odu c;>dno AnOL!lDril.JXo 'tfx D13QI? DlQ>UXd\f LO'O oc o!or1at'(3 ~c o o~ z l,ld>od.i.oiu3 o~ o 09'0 l.tom/\?>1>13 LZ'O sz z l.joosc;>13v--j (U!W) UOI'(>IQU\f l,l>!iunl (U!W) l,lrl11 IJ03v-.J JQdOd>D!3v-J no'(>!l})4 UOt;l

16 --- SIMULATION REPORT AFTER 8 HOURS No of Trucks 5 No of Dumping Bays 1 Shovel/Truck Cost Ratio 1.75 Shovel is busy 90.54% of the time Average No of Trucks waiting for loading: 0 Max. No: 4 Avtrage waiting time: 1.8 min Average No of Trucks waiting for dumping: 0 Max. No: 2 Average waiting time: Total Load Transported 0.4 min t Hourly fleet production: 4619 t/h CRITERION OF MINIMUM COST PER t SATISFIED? YES --- SIMULATION REPORT AFTER 8 HOURS_---- No of Trucks 6 No of Dumping Bays 1 Shovel/Truck Cost Ratio 1.75 Shovel is busy 97.87% of the time Average No of Trucks waiting for loading: 1 Max. No: 5 Average waiting time: 2.6 min Average No of Trucks waiting for dumping: d Max. No: 2 I Average waiting time: 0.4 min Total Load Transported Hourly fleet production: t 4944 t/h CRITERION OF MINIMUM COST PER t SAT~SFIED? I YES IXiUJO 5. Anot&A&OlJCTO npoow1joiwo!l<; 1Jt 5 KOI 6 XA. 16

17 aur6 akivr)tonoln8ei 'A6yw S'AbS!lc; nou 11 51apKtla Til<; va 61Ka1o'Aoyei TI"JV avakaravo~ri Twv XA ora a'a'aa ~nxavr;~ara <90PTWOI1<; nou unapxouv oro ouorrwa. Eni rou nap6vroc; 11 ~t8o5oc; autri e:iva1 ll Kar'&(oxnv xpnot~onotou~evn npakttkri oc unai8p1a opuxeia. H 1-JE8o5oc; Til<; "MtyiOT!l<; EK~f.:TO'A'AEUO!l<; TWV Xw~aroupy1KWV AUTOKIVi)Twv EX 1 we; okon6 va ~e:y1otono1i)oe1 rr1v e:k~s:ta>j. uo11 rwv XA ~e1wvovrac; roue; xpovouc; ava~ovric; TOU<; 0 oupec; npo TWV ~llxovi'lj.jcrrwv <90PTWO!l<;. Kara TllV 51CpK 1a Til<; Bap51a<; tva XA eav ivoi KOT U8UVETOI yta <90PTWO!l OTO ~llxcivll~o K ivo TO onoio Sa TO E~Unllp&Ti)0 1 npwro, VW Civ &ivai ye~ctto KaT U8UVtTal 0 KtiVO TO Oll!Jtio tkke:vwonc; 6nou ea txe1 TOV e:'a.axjoro xpovo avaj.jovric; y1a va tkkevw0 1 To C90PTio TOU. Tt>..oc; ou~<9wva ~t nw ~ teooo Tile; "ME:ytoTilc; EK!.JtTa>J.tuoflc; rwv MllXOVfli.JOTwv 4>6pTWOil<;", tva XA KOTCU8UV Tal npo<; tkeivo TO 1-JilXCivll~O <poptwo!l<; TO onoio OVE~EVt yta m;piooot po XPOVO, Of.: ouykp1011 j.jt TO C:L\Aa ~l'lxovrii-jato TOU ouorr;~aroc;, yta va 190prwoe1 ri npoc; tkeivo ro onoio ava~tverat va ~eivet xwpic; Bta8E:01~a npoc; <96pTW01l XA npwto. H ecpap~oyri r11c; j.jt96oou aurric; EX 1 we; anort 'A o~a va napou01a~o uv TO ~nxavri~ara 196prwor)c; o~ot6~op<9o noooor6 e:k~e:ta'a'aeuo11c; ri ve:kpwv xpovwv. Eivm npo19avtc; on oe: tva opuxe:io 6nou EC90PIJ6~erat 1-Jia e:k Twv ouo reaeuraiwv ~e:865wv, TO XA KOTO TllV OICtpKtla Trl<; Bapolac; KIVOUVTal Ot OAO TO oiktuo TWV op6j.jwv nou t~u011p TOUV TO ouonwa j.j TOC90PCt<;, EVW 01 OOI1YOi roue; SpiOKOVTOI 08 ouvexn EOOC9ri j.jeow OOUpj.JOTOU EOIKOIVWViac;, j.je: TOV UO U8UVO A YXOU (pu8j.jiotji) TOU OUOTi)j.JOTO<; j.jtta<popac;, OTO onoiov OiVOUV nar)po<popit<; OXETIKO ~ TrW 8t011 KOI TI1V KOTOOTOOI'l TWV XA (00 10 YEIJOTo) Kal an6 rov onoiov >.a~savo u v evro>.tc; y1a TI1V Olaopo!Jri nou ea ako'aouer;oouv. i:uykpivovto<; TflV 1JE8000 TrJ<; "MtyiOTI')<; EKj.JtTQ)..,\EUOfl<; TWV Xw~aroupyiKWV AUTOKIVi)Twv IJE KE:iVI1 Tl1<; "ME:ytOTI1<; EKI.JETOAAEUO!l<; TWV MI1XOVI11.JOTWV 4>6pTWOI1c; OIOniOlWVE:Tal OTI 11 <90PI.JOYri Til<; npwti'l<; txe:1 we; anort'aeo~a ra ~11xavri~ara <p6ptwoil<; nou 13pioKOVTOI Kovra OTOU<; XWPOU<; KKEVWOI1<; va napo UOIO~O UV I.JE:YOAUTtpo nooo0l6 Kj.JtTOAAeU011<; an6 OTI e:ktiva nou SpioKovrm oe: ~eya'aurep e c; anooraottc;, e:vw f1 tc90pijovri Tl1<; oture:p11c; 1Je:86oou EX 1 we; anoteatoijo VO napo UOIO~OUV TO ~flxovrii.joto C90PTWOil<; OIJOIOj.JOp<po nooooto KIJETill U011<; ri VE:KpWV XPOVWV. i:t OTI a<popa TI1V IJE:TaC90PIKri IKOVOTI1TO TOU OUOTr'}j.JOTO<;, EiVOI npo<pavt<; OTI 11 j.j 9000<; Til<; "MtytOTI1<; EKIJETO'A'AEUOfl<; TWV XWIJOTOUpyiKWV AUTOKIVi)Twv napouoio~tl TllV j..ltya,\(jt pf1 OIOKiVI1011 <popriwv ava Sapota. :Lt EKIJETOAAE:U0 1<; 6~wc; 6nou TO OUOTI1~0 <p6ptwoi1<;. I.JETOC90PO<; E~Unr)pe:re:i OUVXPOVW<; IJETWna anokoau4ji1<; KOI,apaywyi)c; TOTE 11lJE8000<; Tl1<; 17

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19 BIBAIOrPA411A Christoph S.M. (1991 ), "Hydraulic Excavators and Wheel Loaders in Rock Quarrying, Woild Mining Equipment, Sep., pp Forsman 8., Vagenas N., Lindstmm C. (1992), "Using METAFORA to Evaluate the Transport System in a Swedish Open Pit Mine", Proc. 23rd APCOM, pp Hanby I. A. (1991), "Enhancement of Dump Truck Operating Efficiency, Transactions of IMM, Section A, Vol 100, Jan-Apr, pp. A42-A47. Panagiotou G.N. (1992), "Simulation of the Shovel- Truck Operation in Open Pit Mines Using the GPSS Computer Language", Mineral Wealth, No 76, pp Pearse G. (1991), "Maximizing Load and Haul Efficiencies, Mining Magazine, Aug, pp Rzhevsky V.V. (1985), "Opencast Mining Unit Operations, Mir Publishers, Moscow. Tu J.H., Hucka V.J. (1985), "Analysis of Open-Pit Truck Haulage System by Use of Computer Model", CIM Bulletin, Vol 78, No 879, pp